scholarly journals Characterisation of Wheat Straw Pellets Individually and in Combination with Cassava Starch or Calcium Carbonate under Various Compaction Conditions: Determination of Pellet Strength and Water Absorption Capacity

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4375
Author(s):  
Patryk Matkowski ◽  
Aleksander Lisowski ◽  
Adam Świętochowski
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Optimal Conditions ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Pellet Strength ◽  
Material Temperature

This study aimed to optimise the production conditions of wheat straw (WS) pellets and pellets with the additives of cassava starch (CS) or calcium carbonate (CC) based on the criteria of pellet strength and water absorption by crushed pellets. The pellets produced using a 2–10%-wt/wt additive ratio, material moisture of 10–30% w.b., die height of 66–86 mm, and material temperature of 78–108 °C were tested. The influence these factors on the strength parameters of pellets was different than on the water absorption by the crushed pellets. The pellets made of WS blended with CC additive were characterised by better strength parameters and the compressed pellets were characterised by better water absorption than those with CS. High and positive correlation among specific pellet compression work, elasticity modulus for pellet compression, and tensile strength values were observed. As the strength parameters of pellets showed high correlation with single pellet density, for the consistency of conclusions, the optimal conditions for pellet production were assumed based on the density. For optimal conditions at 4% wt/wt additive ratio, 23% w.b. material moisture, 78 mm die height, and 80 °C material temperature, the specific pellet compression work was 3.22 mJ·mm−2, elasticity modulus was 5.78 MPa, and maximum tensile strength of the pellets was 2.68 MPa; moreover, the water absorption by crushed pellets amounted to 2.60 g H2O·g−1 of dry matter.

scholarly journals Hybrid Composites from Wheat Straw, Inorganic Filler, and Recycled Polypropylene: Morphology and Mechanical and Thermal Expansion Performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Yu ◽  
Runzhou Huang ◽  
Chunxia He ◽  
Qinglin Wu ◽  
Xueni Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Expansion ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Inorganic Filler ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene ◽  
Inorganic Fillers

Reinforcing effect of hybrid filler including wheat straw (WS) and inorganic filler (heavy calcium carbonate, silicon dioxide, and fly ash) in recycled polypropylene (R-PP) has been investigated. The effects of individual filler (WS) and combined fillers (WS and inorganic filler) on morphological, mechanical, and thermal expansion and water absorption properties of hybrid composites were investigated. The flexural modulus and flexural strength were both reduced when reinforced with three kinds of inorganic fillers, respectively, which was possibly due to the poor interphase adhesion as observed in SEM. The high surface energy of heavy calcium carbonate due to its high acidic character provides an opportunity of better PP-heavy calcium carbonate interfacial interactions compared to PP-straw, PP-fly ash, and PP-SiO2interface. The water absorption at saturation increased markedly by introduction of WS in it. The hybrid composites from WS and inorganic fillers showed better water absorption compared to those WS/PP composites. The thermal expansion of composites decreased with the increase of WS loading. Heavy calcium and SiO2can obviously reduce the LCTE value of composite. At the 25% inorganic filler content, composites had the smallest LCTE values.

scholarly journals Physico-mechanical and water absorption properties of LDPE/cassava starch film

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Junaidah Jai ◽  
Siti Fatma Abd Karim ◽  
Nurul Asyikin Md Zaki ◽  
Rabiatul Adawiyah Abdol Aziz ◽  
Farhana Wahet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Field Test ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Absorption Properties ◽  
Commercial Plant ◽  
Control Film ◽  
Water Absorption Test ◽  
Degradable Plastic

Plastic waste is a global crisis, and Malaysia is the 8th worst country worldwide for plastic waste. With this trend, growing market demands for green product have imposed pressure on industries to find an alternative to petroleum-based plastic. Degradable plastic is introduced to overcome this limitation. The present work investigates degradable plastic film of low-density polyethylene incorporated with cassava starch (LDPE-CS). The compounding of the LDPE-CS was prepared via pre-mixing, blending, resin crushing, and film hot pressing. Film thickness, tensile strength, elongation, water absorption, and field test were conducted on the LDPE-CS and commercial LDPE (control). Experimental data of LDPE-CS and commercial LDPE films were evaluated and compared. Thickness of LDPE-CS film was 0.18 mm which was 51% thicker than the control film. Tensile strength and elongation of the LDPE-CS were 7.04 MPa and 5.39%, while control film was 12.77 MPa and 921.5%, respectively. The tensile strength and elongation of the LDPE-SC were significantly lower than the control film, which may be due to the weak interface between LDPE and starch. The water absorption test revealed that the LDPE-CS film absorbed water by 4.8%, which indicates its degradability in the water. The field test shows that the LDPE-CS is biodegradable and comparable with the commercial plant polybag in terms of its capability in planting. 

scholarly journals Influence of Fraction Particle Size of Pure Straw and Blends of Straw with Calcium Carbonate or Cassava Starch on Pelletising Process and Pellet

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 4623
Author(s):  
Aleksander Lisowski ◽  
Patryk Matkowski ◽  
Leszek Mieszkalski ◽  
Remigiusz Mruk ◽  
Mateusz Stasiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
High Water ◽  
Agglomeration Process ◽  
Single Pellet ◽  
Compressive Loads ◽  
The Given

The aim of this study was to investigate the pressure agglomeration process of wheat straw (WS) and the blends of WS with calcium carbonate (CC) or cassava straw (CS) with a ratio of 6% wt./wt. from seven separate fractions with sizes in the range of 0.21–2.81 mm. The agglomeration was performed at a moisture of 30% wb and a material temperature of 78 °C, with a dose of 0.1 g, in a die of diameter 8 mm and height 80 mm. The effects of the process were evaluated based on the compaction parameters and the pellets’ density, tensile strength, and water absorption. The incorporation of additives into the WS improved the pellet process and quality. Refined results were achieved after adding CC, as compared to those achieved after adding CS, and the preferred particle size was in the range of 1.00–1.94 mm. This was because, under the given conditions, the back pressure in the die chamber significantly increased, allowing the achievement of a single pellet density of 800 kg·m−3. The pellets were resistant to compressive loads and cracked only at tensile strength of 6 MPa and a specific compression work of 6.5 mJ·mm−2. The addition of CC to the WS improved the strength of the adhesive and the cohesive bonds between the particles. The water absorption for the uncrushed pellets was considerably less than that for crushed pellets, which results in the safer storage of uncrushed pellets and excellent moisture absorption of crushed pellets. The addition of CC to the WS offers benefits in the form of pellet strength with a high water absorption capability. Notably, a study of crushed pellet litter under broiler rearing conditions and an analysis of the operational costs of using WS additives are required for implementing this study.

scholarly journals Mortar modified with sulfonated polystyrene produced from waste plastic cups

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 754-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. A. C. MOTTA ◽  
J. G. VIEIRA ◽  
T. H. OMENA ◽  
F. A. C. FARIA ◽  
G. RODRIGUES FILHO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Elasticity Modulus ◽  
Consistency Index ◽  
Sulfonated Polystyrene ◽  
Waste Plastic

Abstract In this work, we studied the addition of sulfonated polystyrene produced from waste plastic cups as an admixture for mortars. Mortars were analyzed with polystyrene content of 0.0; 0.2; 0.6; 1.0 and 1.4% in relation to the cement mass. The influence of polystyrene on the mortars' properties was evaluated by the consistency index, water retention, water absorption, porosity, elasticity modulus, compressive strength, flexural strength, bond tensile strength and microscopy. The increase in the sulfonated polystyrene content decreased the elasticity modulus of the mortar and, despite higher porosity, there was a reduction of water absorption by capillarity. In relation to mortar without admixture, the modified mortar showed an increase in water retention and consistency index, and a large increase in flexural strength and bond tensile strength. The significant increase of bond tensile strength (214% with admixture 1%) highlights the potential of the produced material as an adhesive mortar.

scholarly journals Evaluation of a biodegradable color concentrate in bags for coffee seedlings

DYNA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 87 (212) ◽  
pp. 31-37
Author(s):  
Pedro Alban Bolaños ◽  
Amanda Parra Campos ◽  
Hector Samuel Villada Castillo ◽  
Hugo Portela Guarín ◽  
German Antonio Arboleda Muñoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Carbon Black ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Modulus Of Elasticity ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Color Parameters ◽  
Influence Of Water

The aim of this study was to evaluate different formulations of a biodegradable black concentrate obtained from cassava starch and carbon black, on the mechanical properties, color, and water absorption of a film destined to the production of biodegradable bags for coffee seedlings. The modulus of elasticity, tensile strength and elongation properties is found to show significant variation due to the pigment, plasticizer, and lubricant concentration, both longitudinally and transversely of the film, the treatment being 40% pigment with the absence of plasticizer and lubricant for the pigment, which presented greater integrity in the mechanical properties evaluated in both directions. It is also noticeable that the different masterbatch formulations had an influence on the changes in the color parameters and weight gain of the film by the influence of water absorption.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Concrete Incorporating Rice Husk Ash and Wheat Straw Ash as Ternary Cementitious Material

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Naraindas Bheel ◽  
Paul Awoyera ◽  
Irfan Ali Shar ◽  
Samiullah Sohu ◽  
Suhail Ahmed Abbasi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Cementitious Material ◽  
Straw Ash

Over the last decade, there has been a surge in research into possible cement substitute materials in concrete that are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and socially beneficial. The alternatives include industrial and agricultural wastes, and their potential advantages can be achieved through recycling, repurposing, and renewing processes. With the use of these wastes as additional and replacement materials, significant energy savings and a reduction in cement use can be achieved, which helps to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in the environment. Therefore, the use of rice husk ash (RHA) and wheat straw ash (WSA) as ternary cementitious material (TCM) in concrete can help reduce the impact on the environment and minimize the use of Portland cement (PC) in the concrete mixture. This research work is performed on the concrete blended with 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% of RHA and WSA as TCM in the mixture. However, the purpose of this experimental work is to investigate the influence of RHA and WSA as TCM on the fresh (slump), physical (water absorption and density), and hardened properties (compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength) and drying shrinkage of concrete. In this regard, a total of 240 concrete samples (cylinders, cubes, and beams) were prepared with 1 : 2 : 4 mix proportions at 0.50 water-cement ratio and cured at 7 and 28 days, respectively. Moreover, the workability of green concrete is getting reduced as the quantity of TCM increases in the mixture. Besides, the compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength are enhanced by 12.65%, 9.40%, and 9.46% at 10% of TCM (5% RHA and 5% WSA) on 28 days consistently. Furthermore, the density and water absorption of concrete are reduced with the increase in the dosages of TCM on 28 days, respectively. In addition, the drying shrinkage is reduced with the increase in the quantity of TCM in concrete.

The Effect of Glycerol and Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunches Microcrystalline Cellulose Loading on Tensile Properties and Water Absorption of Cassava Starch Composite

2015 ◽  
Vol 1123 ◽  
pp. 151-154
Author(s):  
Novie Hairani ◽  
H. Harahap ◽  
T. Herawan ◽  
Taslim
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Microcrystalline Cellulose ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Filler Loading ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunches

The development and the utilization of starch as packaging materials that were eco-friendly, renewable and biodegradable had increased in recent years. In this study, cassava starch was modified into composite by adding glycerol as plasticizer and oil palm empty fruit bunches microcrystalline cellulose (OPEFBMCC) as fillers. The MCC was prepared via the pulping process of OPEFB and acid hydrolysis. The composites were cast into films by variations in glycerol and MCC composition. The effect of glycerol andOPEFBMCC loading on tensile properties and water absorption of composite were investigated. Results showed that MCC content at 10% created denser composite surface and enhanced the interfacial adhesion which led the tensile strength increased but the elongation at break decreased. The filler loading also reduced the diffusion of water molecules and water absorption. However, the addition of glycerol in cassava starch composite to any of MCC composition lowered the tensile strength but increased the water absorption. SEM images revealed that the addition of MCC in composite constructed the linkages among starch, glycerol, and MCC.

A method for measuring the in-plane compressive strength and the compression behavior of coating layers

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
TEEMU PUHAKKA ◽  
ISKO KAJANTO ◽  
NINA PYKÄLÄINEN
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Layer ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Precipitated Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Coating Color ◽  
Mineral Coatings ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Cracking at the fold is a quality defect sometimes observed in coated paper and board. Although tensile and compressive stresses occur during folding, test methods to measure the compressive strength of a coating have not been available. Our objective was to develop a method to measure the compressive strength of a coating layer and to investigate how different mineral coatings behave under compression. We used the short-span compressive strength test (SCT) to measure the in-plane compressive strength of a free coating layer. Unsupported free coating films were prepared for the measurements. Results indicate that the SCT method was suitable for measuring the in-plane compressive strength of a coating layer. Coating color formulations containing different kaolin and calcium carbonate minerals were used to study the effect of pigment particles’ shape on the compressive and tensile strengths of coatings. Latices having two different glass transition temperatures were used. Results showed that pigment particle shape influenced the strength of a coating layer. Platy clay gave better strength than spherical or needle-shaped carbonate pigments. Compressive and tensile strength decreased as a function of the amount of calcium carbonate in the coating color, particularly with precipitated calcium carbonate. We also assessed the influence of styrene-butadiene binder on the compressive strength of the coating layer, which increased with the binder level. The compressive strength of the coating layer was about three times the tensile strength.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document