scholarly journals PCM Cement-Lime Mortars for Enhanced Energy Efficiency of Multilayered Building Enclosures under Different Climatic Conditions

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 4043
Author(s):  
Cynthia Guardia ◽  
Gonzalo Barluenga ◽  
Irene Palomar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Wave Front ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cellulose Fibres ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Building Enclosures ◽  
Lime Mortars

Phase change materials (PCMs) are promising materials for the energy efficiency improvement of building enclosures, due to their energy storage capacity. The thermal behaviour of a multi-layered building enclosure with five different compositions of PCM cement-lime mortars was evaluated under heating and cooling cycles. The behaviour of cement-lime mortars with 20% of microencapsulated PCM mixed with other additions, such as cellulose fibres and perlite, a lightweight aggregate (LWA), were studied under climate conditions of 15 °C–82% RH (cooling) and 30 °C–33% RH (heating) that were applied with a climatic chamber. Temperature and heat flux on both sides of the multi-layered enclosure were experimentally measured in laboratory tests. Temperature was also measured on both sides of the PCM cement-lime mortar layer. It was observed that the addition of the PCM cement-lime mortar layer delayed the heat flux through the enclosure. During a heating cycle, the incorporation of PCM delayed the arrival of the heat wave front by 30 min (8.1% compared to the reference mortar without PCM). The delay of the arrival of the heat wave front during the cooling cycle after adding PCM, compared to the reference mixture, reached 40.6% (130 min of delay). Furthermore, the incorporation of LWA in PCM cement-lime mortars also improved thermal insulation, further increasing energy efficiency of the building enclosure, and can be used not only for new buildings but also for energy rehabilitation of existing building enclosures.

scholarly journals Integrated economic and environmental building classification and optimal seismic vulnerability/energy efficiency retrofitting

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martina Caruso ◽  
Rui Pinho ◽  
Federica Bianchi ◽  
Francesco Cavalieri ◽  
Maria Teresa Lemmo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Life Cycle ◽  
Seismic Hazard ◽  
Environmental Impacts ◽  
Classification System ◽  
Seismic Vulnerability ◽  
Performance Metrics ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Operational Energy

AbstractA life cycle framework for a new integrated classification system for buildings and the identification of renovation strategies that lead to an optimal balance between reduction of seismic vulnerability and increase of energy efficiency, considering both economic losses and environmental impacts, is discussed through a parametric application to an exemplificative case-study building. Such framework accounts for the economic and environmental contributions of initial construction, operational energy consumption, earthquake-induced damage repair activities, retrofitting interventions, and demolition. One-off and annual monetary expenses and environmental impacts through the building life cycle are suggested as meaningful performance metrics to develop an integrated classification system for buildings and to identify the optimal renovation strategy leading to a combined reduction of economic and environmental impacts, depending on the climatic conditions and the seismic hazard at the site of interest. The illustrative application of the framework to an existing school building is then carried out, investigating alternative retrofitting solutions, including either sole structural retrofitting options or sole energy refurbishments, as well as integrated strategies that target both objectives, with a view to demonstrate its practicality and to explore its ensuing results. The influence of seismic hazard and climatic conditions is quantitatively investigated, by assuming the building to be located into different geographic locations.

scholarly journals Historic Lime-Mortar 14C Dating of Santa María La Real (Zarautz, Northern Spain): Extraction of Suitable Grain Size for Reliable 14C Dating

Radiocarbon ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 54 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-36
Author(s):  
Luis Angel Ortega ◽  
Maria Cruz Zuluaga ◽  
Ainhoa Alonso-Olazabal ◽  
Xabier Murelaga ◽  
Maite Insausti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Size ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Northern Spain ◽  
14C Dating ◽  
Lime Mortar ◽  
Parish Church ◽  
Slaked Lime ◽  
Lime Mortars ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Detrital Carbonate

This paper describes a method for effective separation of the pure binder fraction of lime mortars for reliable radiocarbon dating. The methodology allows removal of the detrital carbonate fraction and the unburnt limestone particles, obtaining particles of under 1 μm. The extracted fraction ensured that all carbonate has been generated by slaked lime carbonation. Consequently, the measured carbon corresponds to atmospheric carbon. The proposed method allows to obtain pure datable binder, simplifying considerably the performance of radiometric measurements because dating other grain-size fraction is unnecessary. In order to prove the effectiveness of binder refining, the extraction method has been applied to 5 lime mortars of different archaeological periods from the perimeter walls of Santa María la Real parish church (Zarautz, northern Spain).

Energy Efficient Refrigerators: The Effect of Door Gasket and Wall Insulation on Heat Transfer

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mir-Akbar Hessami ◽  
Arnd Hilligweg
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Power Consumption ◽  
Thermal Efficiency ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Insulation Thickness ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Experimental Rig ◽  
The Doors

The energy efficiency of refrigerators not only depends on the efficiency of the various components used in the cycle but also on their thermodynamics cycle efficiency as well the thermal efficiency of the cabinet housing the components. Efficiency improvements to the thermodynamics cycle and refrigerator components have been the subject of various papers published in the open literature. Not many researchers have looked at reducing the heat leakage into the refrigerator cabinet with the explicit objective of reducing the power consumption of the unit and hence improving its thermal efficiency. This paper is based on an experimental study of this topic, and includes information on the experimental rig used and the results obtained. This research was performed in two stages: The first stage was focused on improving the energy efficiency by changing wall insulation while the second stage was to study the heat transfer through the doors’ gaskets. For the first part, a domestic refrigerator was instrumented with many thermocouples and heat flux meters to measure the inside and outside air temperatures and the heat transfer through the wall of the unit, respectively. These measurements were taken under different environmental conditions as well as different insulation thickness in the walls of the cabinet. For the second part, using a specially designed and manufactured experimental rig, various door gaskets were placed between a warm and a cold chamber and heat transfer through the gasket was measured. The results showed that by adding 30 mm polystyrene insulation to the walls of the refrigerator, the heat transfer through the walls reduced by around 35%. The power consumption data agreed very well with the measured heat flux through the walls. The percentage heat transfer through the doors’ gaskets was confirmed to be about 13% of the total heat transferred into the unit.

scholarly journals Energy Efficiency of a Solar Wall with Transparent Insulation in Polish Climatic Conditions

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 859
Author(s):  
Jadwiga Świrska-Perkowska ◽  
Andrzej Kucharczyk ◽  
Jerzy Wyrwał
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperate Climate ◽  
Heating Period ◽  
Conductivity Equation ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Thermal Conductivity Equation ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Solar Wall ◽  
Energy Balances

A numerical model of a solar wall (SW) with transparent insulation (TI) is proposed in this article. The model is based on the finite-difference method and thermal conductivity equation, with a heat source term for the absorber. Using this model, the energy efficiency of a solar wall with transparent insulation (SW-TI) with honeycomb insulation made of modified cellulose acetate was analyzed in the case of different climatic conditions prevailing in Poland, different orientations of the envelope, and different insulation thicknesses. Simulations were carried out throughout the whole heating period. Monthly energy balances and temperature distributions for the analyzed envelopes at individual moments of the heating period are the basic results of the simulations. It was found that the use of 108 and 88 mm thick insulation was the most recommended in the considered temperate climate. Placing transparent insulation on a wall with an eastern or western orientation caused the annual heat balance of the envelope to decrease by 24–31% in relation to the value of this balance in the case of a southern orientation. The monthly heat balances obtained using the proposed model give results consistent with the method of calculating heat gains for opaque building envelopes with transparent insulation included in the PN-EN ISO 13790:2008 standard.

Effect of Smart Glazing Window on Energy Consumption inside Office Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 1008 ◽  
pp. 72-83
Author(s):  
Asmaa Mohammed Nageib ◽  
Abbas Mohamed El-Zafarany ◽  
Fatma Osman Mohamed ◽  
Mohamed Helmy El-Hefnawy
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Office Buildings ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Upper Egypt ◽  
Natural Lighting ◽  
North East ◽  
Office Rooms

The office buildings in Egypt, especially in Upper Egypt, reflect serious problems in achieving for energy efficiency as a result of increasing the use of mechanical refrigeration devices in office rooms, due to solar radiation and rising summer temperatures in recent years. Smart windows can play an important role in reducing significantly the energy consumption and maintaining energy inside buildings, also helps to control incoming solar radiation in order to minimize solar gain, especially in summer as well as ensuring the best natural lighting conditions without glare inside a room. This paper aims to evaluate the most efficient daylight and thermal performance of various types of the smart glazing and its impact on the energy consumption in the climatic conditions of one of the office buildings (Diwan governorate) in Sohag governorate as one of Upper Egypt governorates, with determining the best smart glass types for efficient use of energy. The paper follows the theoretical, applied, by studying types of smart glazing and their relation to achieving the energy efficiency. Then using (Energy Plus) simulation tool, which has been used in utilizing its modeling orientation (Design Builder) to study using types of smart glazing on the model of an office room in Building of Diwan governorate of Sohag in the four different orientations (North, East, South and West), when window-to-floor ratios (WFRs) (8%, 16%, 24% and 32%). The paper ends with a presentation of the most important results, recommendations and determination the best types of smart glass that provides energy, daylight without glare and providing greater comfort to users.

scholarly journals Investigating the impacts of a changing climate on the risk of overheating and energy performance for a UK retirement village adapted to the nZEB standards

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 470-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radwa Salem ◽  
Ali Bahadori-Jahromi ◽  
Anastasia Mylona
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Energy Performance ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Zero Energy ◽  
Changing Climate ◽  
Retirement Village

The death toll of the 2003 heat wave in Europe exceeded 35,000 heat-related deaths. The elderly population were the most affected. The current paradigm within the construction industry in cold-dominant countries is to design/retrofit buildings with high levels of insulation. Whilst thermal comfort may be reached during colder months with this approach, the risk of overheating can be increased during hotter months. This paper aims to examine the impacts of a changing climate on the risk of overheating and energy performance for a UK retirement village. For this study, the buildings within the retirement village will be designed to reach the nearly zero energy building standard. Consequently, the risk of overheating of the buildings within the retirement village as they currently stand and as zero energy buildings will be investigated under current and future climatic conditions. The analysis is carried out using thermal analysis simulation software (TAS, Edsl). Combined heat and power and combined cooling, heat and power will be investigated as mitigating strategies with regard to overheating. The results of this study do not undermine the importance of continuing to improve the energy efficiency of existing buildings but rather highlight that the approach undertaken should be reconsidered. Practical application: Currently, there is emphasis placed on retrofitting and designing buildings, with high energy efficiency standards. Whilst this is in line with our vision as a society towards reaching a decarbonised, sustainable future, this work highlights that doing so, carries risks with regard to overheating. Nonetheless, the results demonstrate that with the incorporation of suitable mitigation strategies and adequate ventilation strategies, it is possible to achieve an energy efficient building that meets the heating and cooling demand (and thereby thermal comfort of occupants) during the heating and non-heating season.

THE PROCESS OF THERMAL IMAGING INSPECTION OF BUILDING ENVELOPES

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 66-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandr Ignatyuk ◽  
S. Nikolenko ◽  
Svetlana Sazonova
Keyword(s):  
Heat Flux ◽  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Thermal Imaging ◽  
Heat Flux Density ◽  
Thermal Imager ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
Building Envelopes ◽  
Digital Thermometer ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Energy Survey

The paper analyzes and develops proposals to improve the energy efficiency of the building of MBOU «Lyceum No. 65» in Voronezh. The energy survey was carried out in order to comply with the requirements of Article 13 of Federal Law of November 23, 2010 No. 261-ФЗ «On Energy Saving and on Improving Energy Efficiency and on Amending Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation». The survey was carried out using a Testo 881-2 thermal imager, a digital thermometer Testo 905-T2, a meter of heat flux density and ITP temperature - MG4.03 / 5 (I) «Potok».

Impaction of Climate Change on Asphalt Pavements

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 617-622
Author(s):  
Er Hu Yan ◽  
Fu Pu Li ◽  
Rong Ma ◽  
Fei Chen
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Wave ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Extreme Heat ◽  
Asphalt Pavements ◽  
Asphalt Cement ◽  
The Past ◽  
Change Climate

Climate change is one of the most key global topics well-known in international community. Over the past decades years, the change climate and its impact on asphalt pavement in China is very obvious. Many expressways of asphalt pavement come forth severe rutting failure during only a few days of extensive, long-lasting, extreme heat wave in summer, which resulting in the change of asphalt cement specification and the selection practice of asphalt cement. So it is necessary to review climate change and its impact in the past, and forecast the probable situation in the future. The paper focuses specifically on the issue of asphalt binder selection under changing climatic conditions.

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