scholarly journals Recent Achievements in Polymer Bio-Based Flocculants for Water Treatment

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (18) ◽  
pp. 3951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Maćczak ◽  
Halina Kaczmarek ◽  
Marta Ziegler-Borowska
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Solid Liquid

Polymer flocculants are used to promote solid–liquid separation processes in potable water and wastewater treatment. Recently, bio-based flocculants have received a lot of attention due to their superior advantages over conventional synthetic polymers or inorganic agents. Among natural polymers, polysaccharides show many benefits such as biodegradability, non-toxicity, ability to undergo different chemical modifications, and wide accessibility from renewable sources. The following article provides an overview of bio-based flocculants and their potential application in water treatment, which may be an indication to look for safer alternatives compared to synthetic polymers. Based on the recent literature, a new approach in searching for biopolymer flocculants sources, flocculation mechanisms, test methods, and factors affecting this process are presented. Particular attention is paid to flocculants based on starch, cellulose, chitosan, and their derivatives because they are low-cost and ecological materials, accepted in industrial practice. New trends in water treatment technology, including biosynthetic polymers, nanobioflocculants, and stimulant-responsive flocculants are also considered.

MASALAH DAN ALTERNATIF TEKNOLOGI PENGOLAHAN AIR UNTUK MASYARAKAT MISKIN KOTA

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arie Herlambang
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Potable Water ◽  
Diarrheal Disease ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Alternative Technologies ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Daily Water

Clean water to poor communities who live in crowded municipal area is stillexpensive and a luxury. This condition is evidenced by the number of people whouse ground water for their daily water, because water taps still seems expensivefor them. Diarrheal disease is still relatively high for Indonesia, where nearly 16thousand people suffer from diarrhea due to poor sanitation. To help the poor inthe city, there are several alternative technologies that can be applied to publicaccess to clean water and adequate low-cost, including ground water treatmenttechnology with a filter system equipped with an ultraviolet sterilizer, or ozonegenerators, or using ultrafiltration, if possible can also use the reverse osmosismembrane that for fresh water. Arsinum is the best alternative should be chosenfor fulfilled potable water in slump area.Keywords : Sanitation, water treatment technology, portable water, low-cost, slump area

Coagulation-Flocculation in Water Treatment using Calotropis Procera Leaves: A case study of River in Kaduna, Nigeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jibrin Mohammed Danlami ◽  
Agus Arsad ◽  
Muhammad Abbas Ahmad Zaini ◽  
Abdullahi Mohammed Evuti ◽  
Ankeli Ogbole
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
World Health ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Sampling Location ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Constant Weight ◽  
Treated Water

This research was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness Calotropis procera leaves as an alternative to the use of chemicals as coagulants in water treatment. Calotropis procera leaves were plugged, washed with distilled water, cut into small pieces and then dried in an oven to a constant weight. After which the leaves were grinded into various particle sizes of 1 mm, 2 mm and 0.71 mm. Raw water from River Kaduna at Kabala and Kakuri areas within Kaduna metropolis were treated with different samples classified based on the dried Calotropis procera leaves particle size and weight, sampling location and the treatment time. The physico-chemical characteristics of the treated samples were all within the allowable standard by World Health Organization (WHO). The results show that the treated water sample D with 0.71 mm particle size and 40 g weight of the dried Calotropis procera leaves gave the highest percentage reduction in turbidity. Treatment of the samples with Calotropis procera leaves gave a significant reduction in coliform count from 21 per 100 ml to 1 per 100 ml in treated water samples E and F. This study shows that Calotropis procera can be used as a low-cost, environmentally friendly substitute coagulant for water and wastewater treatment.

Pipe material and water quality in a holistic view

2001 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
T. Hedberg
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Treatment ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Pipe Material ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Holistic View ◽  
General Terms ◽  
Research Activities

The new trends in societies towards sustainable development have necessitated a new way of thinking regarding water treatment, the distribution of drinking water and wastewater treatment. A process of implementing new European water directives is ongoing and the consequences and need for coordination of these changes are discussed. Raw water qualities, water treatment technology and drinking water quality have impacts on water quality deterioration in the distribution networks that negatively affect the possibilities for recycling sewage sludge containing valuable nutrients. Measures for coping with these issues are discussed in general terms and suggestions for future strategies and research activities are given.

Study on Flocculation Characteristic of Silt in Yellow River

2012 ◽  
Vol 518-523 ◽  
pp. 2001-2005
Author(s):  
Sen Lin Zhu ◽  
Guo Lu Yang ◽  
Lin Shuang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Settling Velocity ◽  
Yellow River ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Optimal Dosage ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
River Chemistry ◽  
Flocculation Efficiency ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Water Treatment Technology

This paper maily studied the characteristics of silt flocculation of Yellow River. Chemistry and phiscal test methods were used to analyze the effects of silt concentration on settling velocity. The flocculation efficiency of PAM and PAC were compared in this work. Effects of silt concentration on needed PAM dosages and the optimal dosage of PAM at different silt concentration were discussed. Compound flocculants were also being studied. Research in this work has important practical value in the high turbidity water treatment technology for Yellow River and other rivers.

Carbon nanotube composite membranes for small ‘designer’ water treatment systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 917-923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiou Huang ◽  
Howard Fairbrother ◽  
Benoit Teychene ◽  
Gaurav Ajmani ◽  
Talia Abbott Chalew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Membrane Filtration ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Composite Membranes ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Ongoing Research ◽  
Small Communities ◽  
Small Water ◽  
Filtration Cycle

Small water systems that serve fewer than a few thousand persons are often less safe and less sustainable than large drinking water systems due to lack of suitable technologies. This ongoing research aims to develop a novel water treatment technology for small communities. By layering structured, functional carbon nanotubes (CNT) onto low pressure membranes (LPMs), composite membranes were prepared to remove different organic and inorganic contaminants from water, including heavy metals, viruses, natural organic matter, and organic micropollutants. The removal efficiencies varied from over 99.9% (for cadmium) to above 60% (for humic substances). A low-cost CNT formed an antifouling layer that removed membrane foulants by depth filtration, thereby extending the membrane filtration cycle over five-fold. When the CNTs were layered inside hollow fiber membranes, superb backwashable properties were observed, allowing the operation of CNT-modified membranes under full-scale treatment conditions. Moreover, a systematic study of CNT rejection by LPMs found that commercially available LPMs efficiently prevented CNT breakthrough, thus ensuring nanosafety of the treated water. By varying the composition and structure of functional CNT layers, energy-efficient composite membranes may be economically produced for designer water treatment systems and applied in small communities.

scholarly journals Photocatalysis in the treatment and disinfection of water. Part I. Theoretical backgrounds / Fotokataliza w oczyszczaniu i dezynfekcji wody część i. podstawy teoretyczne

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 489-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michał Bodzek ◽  
Mariola Rajca
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Membrane Reactors ◽  
Treatment Technology ◽  
Water And Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Process ◽  
Photocatalytic Reactor ◽  
Advanced Oxidation Technology ◽  
Oxidation Technology ◽  
Persistent Organic Compounds ◽  
Water And Wastewater

Abstract Photocatalysis process belongs to an advanced oxidation technology for the removal of persistent organic compounds and microorganisms from water. It is the technology with a great potential, a low-cost, environmental friendly and sustainable treatment technology to align with the “zero” waste scheme in the water/wastewater industry. At present, the main technical barriers that impede its full commercialization remained on the post-recovery of the catalyst particles after water treatment. This paper reviews the background of the process and photooxidation mechanisms of the organic pollutants and microorganisms. The review of the latest progresses of engineered-photocatalysts, photo-reactor systems, and the kinetics and modeling associated with the photocatalytic and photodisinfection water and wastewater treatment process, has been presented. A number of potential and commercial photocatalytic reactor configurations are discussed, in particular the photocatalytic membrane reactors. The effects of key photo-reactor operation parameters and water quality on the photoprocess performances in terms of the mineralization and disinfection are assessed.

scholarly journals Biofunctionalization of Natural Fiber-Reinforced Biocomposites for Biomedical Applications

Biomolecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia D. Tavares ◽  
Joana C. Antunes ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Helena P. Felgueiras
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
Separation Processes ◽  
Extraction And Separation ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Biomedical Field

In the last ten years, environmental consciousness has increased worldwide, leading to the development of eco-friendly materials to replace synthetic ones. Natural fibers are extracted from renewable resources at low cost. Their combination with synthetic polymers as reinforcement materials has been an important step forward in that direction. The sustainability and excellent physical and biological (e.g., biocompatibility, antimicrobial activity) properties of these biocomposites have extended their application to the biomedical field. This paper offers a detailed overview of the extraction and separation processes applied to natural fibers and their posterior chemical and physical modifications for biocomposite fabrication. Because of the requirements for biomedical device production, specialized biomolecules are currently being incorporated onto these biocomposites. From antibiotics to peptides and plant extracts, to name a few, this review explores their impact on the final biocomposite product, in light of their individual or combined effect, and analyzes the most recurrent strategies for biomolecule immobilization.

scholarly journals A review on introduction and applications of starch and its biodegradable polymers

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanta Pokhrel
Keyword(s):  
Structural Properties ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Synthetic Polymers ◽  
High Availability ◽  
Natural Polymer ◽  
Natural Polymers ◽  
Potential Applications

Biodegradable polymers play a very important role in plastic engineering by replacing non biodegradable, non renewable petrol based polymers. Starch is a renewable, biodegradable, low cost natural polymer with high availability. Natural polymers can be blended with synthetic polymers to improve their properties significantly. This article reviews advance in starch and starch based blends and presents their numerous potential applications. Therefore, this review helps to understand the importance and characteristics of starch and its biodegradable polymers (blends) by its various aspects such as structural properties and wide applications.International Journal of Environment Vol.4(4) 2015: 114-125

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