scholarly journals Enhanced Osteogenic Differentiation of Human Primary Mesenchymal Stem and Progenitor Cultures on Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composite Scaffolds

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krukiewicz ◽  
David Putzer ◽  
Nicole Stuendl ◽  
Birgit Lohberger ◽  
Firas Awaja
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation Medium ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Developed Surface ◽  
Stem And Progenitor Cells

Due to its versatility, small size, large surface area, and ability to interact with biological cells and tissues, graphene oxide (GO) is an excellent filler for various polymeric composites and is frequently used to expand their functionality. Even though the major advantage of the incorporation of GO is the enhancement of mechanical properties of the composite material, GO is also known to improve bioactivity during biomineralization and promote osteoblast adhesion. In this study, we described the fabrication of a composite bone cement made of GO and poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and we investigated its potential to enhance osteogenic differentiation of human primary mesenchymal stem and progenitor cells. Through the analysis of three differentiation markers, namely alkaline phosphatase, secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine, and bone morphogenetic protein-2 in the presence and in the absence of an osteogenic differentiation medium, we were able to indicate a composite produced manually with a thick GO paper as the most effective among all investigated samples. This effect was related to its developed surface, possessing a significant number of voids and pores. In this way, GO/PMMA composites were shown as promising materials for the applications in bone tissue engineering.

scholarly journals Influence of HRGO Nanoplatelets on Behaviour and Processing of PMMA Bone Cement for Surgery

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Jaime Orellana ◽  
Ynés Yohana Pastor ◽  
Fernando Calle ◽  
José Ygnacio Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Bone Cement ◽  
Reduced Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sintering Temperature ◽  
Structural Function ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Pmma Bone Cement ◽  
Reduced Graphene

Bone cement, frequently based on poly (methyl methacrylate), is commonly used in different arthroplasty surgical procedures and its use is essential for prosthesis fixation. However, its manufacturing process reaches high temperatures (up to 120 °C), producing necrosis in the patients' surrounding tissues. To help avoid this problem, the addition of graphene could delay the polymerisation of the methyl methacrylate as it could, simultaneously, favour the optimisation of the composite material's properties. In this work, we address the effect of different percentages of highly reduced graphene oxide with different wt.% (0.10, 0.50, and 1.00) and surface densities (150, 300, 500, and 750 m2/g) on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of commercial poly (methyl methacrylate)-based bone cement and its processing. It was noted that a lower sintering temperature was achieved with this addition, making it less harmful to use in surgery and reducing its adverse effects. In contrast, the variation of the density of the materials did not introduce significant changes, which indicates that the addition of highly reduced graphene oxide would not significantly increase bone porosity. Lastly, the mechanical properties (strength, elastic modulus, and fracture toughness) were reduced by almost 20%. Nevertheless, their typical values are high enough that these new materials could still fulfil their structural function. In conclusion, this paper presents a way to control the sintering temperature, without significant degradation of the mechanical performance, by adding highly reduced graphene oxide so that local necrosis of bone cement based on poly (methyl methacrylate) used in surgery is avoided.

scholarly journals RT-qPCR analyses on the osteogenic differentiation from human iPS cells: An investigation of reference genes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kensuke Okamura ◽  
Yusuke Inagaki ◽  
Takeshi K. Matsui ◽  
Masaya Matsubayashi ◽  
Tomoya Komeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Reference Gene ◽  
Reference Genes ◽  
Ips Cells ◽  
Expression Stability ◽  
Differentiation Markers ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation Medium ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
Induced Pluripotent ◽  
Beta 2 Microglobulin

AbstractReverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is used to quantify gene expression and require standardization with reference genes. We sought to identify the reference genes best suited for experiments that induce osteogenic differentiation from human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells. They were cultured in an undifferentiated maintenance medium and after confluence, further cultured in an osteogenic differentiation medium for 28 days. RT-qPCR was performed on undifferentiation markers, osteoblast and osteocyte differentiation markers, and reference gene candidates. The expression stability of each reference gene candidate was ranked using four algorithms. General rankings identified TATA box binding protein (TBP) in the first place, followed by transferrin receptor (TFRC), ribosomal protein large P0 (RPLP0), and finally, beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), which was revealed as the least stable. Interestingly, universally used GAPDH and ACTB were found to be unsuitable. Our findings strongly suggest a need to evaluate the expression stability of reference gene candidates for each experiment.

Synthesis, Characterization of Modified Graphene Oxide/Poly(methyl methacrylate) Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 530-539
Author(s):  
Yuying Tang ◽  
Hongwen Zhang ◽  
Huan Liu ◽  
Yu Cao ◽  
Jiayu Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Poly Methyl Methacrylate ◽  
Modified Graphene Oxide ◽  
Modified Graphene

Bone formation promoted by bone morphogenetic protein-2 plasmid-loaded porous silica nanoparticles with the involvement of autophagy

Nanoscale ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (45) ◽  
pp. 21953-21963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaowei Xu ◽  
Maolei Sun ◽  
Dandan Wang ◽  
Wenhuan Bu ◽  
Zilin Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Silica Nanoparticles ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Porous Silica ◽  
Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2 ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein

Bone morphogenetic protein-2 plasmid was encapsulated by polyethylenimine-modified porous silica nanoparticles, which promoted osteogenic differentiation and increased calcium deposition with the involvement of autophagy.

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