scholarly journals Antistatic Fibers for High-Visibility Workwear: Challenges of Melt-Spinning Industrial Fibers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2645
Author(s):  
Rudolf Hufenus ◽  
Ali Gooneie ◽  
Tutu Sebastian ◽  
Pietro Simonetti ◽  
Andreas Geiger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Melt Spinning ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Melt Spin ◽  
Dark Color ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Bicomponent Fiber

Safety workwear often requires antistatic protection to prevent the build-up of static electricity and sparks, which can be extremely dangerous in a working environment. In order to make synthetic antistatic fibers, electrically conducting materials such as carbon black are added to the fiber-forming polymer. This leads to unwanted dark colors in the respective melt-spun fibers. To attenuate the undesired dark color, we looked into various possibilities including the embedding of the conductive element inside a dull side-by-side bicomponent fiber. The bicomponent approach, with an antistatic compound as a minor element, also helped in preventing the severe loss of tenacity often caused by a high additive loading. We could melt-spin a bicomponent fiber with a specific resistance as low as 0.1 Ωm and apply it in a fabric that fulfills the requirements regarding the antistatic properties, luminance and flame retardancy of safety workwear.

SATOUMI APPROACH FOR REALIZING SUSTAINABLE COASTAL USE IN A RIASTYPE BAY: A CASE OF SHIZUGAWA BAY IN SANRIKU COAST HIT BY THE HUGE TSUNAMI ON 11 MARCH 2011

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teruhisa Komatsu ◽  
Teruhisa Komatsu ◽  
Shuji Sasa ◽  
Shuji Sasa ◽  
Shigeru Montani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Local Governments ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Sanriku Coast ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Biological Coupling ◽  
Miyagi Prefecture ◽  
Human Use ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Aquaculture Facilities

Rias-type bays are one of the most common coasts in Japan where aquacultures have been active due to sheltered geological shape with a deep bottom. The huge tsunami hit Sanriku Coast consisting of open rias-type bays near the epicenter facing Pacific Ocean on 11 March 2011. For recovering Sanriku Coast, it is important to include sustainability in its program. Satoumi is defined as the human use and management of coastal seas for high productivity while maintaining high biodiversity. Therefore, we proposed Satoumi approach to an open rias-type bay, Shizugawa Bay, in southern Sanriku Coast. We conducted scientific researches on mapping of coastal habitats and aquaculture facilities, hydrography, and material flows of nutrients, a minor element (Fe) and organic matters in the bay including those from the rivers and from the offshore waters. At the same time, Committee for Shizugawa Bay Management of Fishermen’s Cooperative of Miyagi Prefecture decided to decrease in aquaculture facilities for sustainable development of aquaculture. Based on these data, a physical-biological coupling model was used for calculating the number of aquaculture facilities that are suitable not only for yields but also for environments. These researches were established on strong collaborations among a fishermen’s’ cooperative, local governments and scientists. Results of this practice may help to realize sustainable coastal use of a rias-type bay.

scholarly journals Chlorine as a Discriminant Element to Establish the Provenance of Central Mediterranean Obsidians

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 454-476
Author(s):  
Franco Foresta Martin ◽  
Silvio G. Rotolo ◽  
Manuela Nazzari ◽  
Maria Luisa Carapezza
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Chlorine Concentration ◽  
Silicate Melts ◽  
Alkali Content ◽  
Central Mediterranean ◽  
A Minor

Abstract Chlorine is a minor element present in obsidians in quantities greater than in average igneous rocks. The chlorine concentration in obsidians is generally low, of the order of tenths of wt %, but it exhibits an appreciable differentiation among geological sources. Despite these characteristics, chlorine has rarely been taken into consideration as a possible indicator of obsidian provenance and it does not appear in the chemical analytical tables accompanying the geochemical characterisation of obsidian samples. In this work, after an overview of chlorine geochemistry and cycle, we present thirty-one new electron microprobe (EPMA) analyses, including Cl, of geologic obsidians sampled from the four sources of the Central Mediterranean, exploited in prehistoric times (Monte Arci, Palmarola, Lipari and Pantelleria). The results are compared with 175 new EPMA analyses, including Cl, of archaeological obsidians already characterised in previous work and of known provenance. As such it was possible to ascertain that each source has a characteristic chlorine concentration, showing the utility of its use in the studies of obsidian provenance. Furthermore, given that the solubility of chlorine in silicate melts is correlated to its alkali content, in particular sodium, we assessed the efficacy of simple binary graphs Cl vs Na2O to better constrain the provenance of the obsidian samples.

scholarly journals Effective Doping of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes with Polyethyleneimine

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
Monika Rdest ◽  
Dawid Janas
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Single Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Performance Limits ◽  
Operational Parameters ◽  
Single Walled Carbon ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Walled Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Synthesis Stage

More and more electrically conducting materials are required to sustain the technological progress of civilization. Faced with the performance limits of classical materials, the R&D community has put efforts into developing nanomaterials, which can offer sufficiently high operational parameters. In this work, single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were doped with polyethyleneimine (PEI) to create such material. The results show that it is most fruitful to combine these components at the synthesis stage of an SWCNT network from their dispersion. In this case, the electrical conductivity of the material is boosted from 249 ± 21 S/cm to 1301 ± 56 S/cm straightforwardly and effectively.

scholarly journals Electrical percolation in extrinsically conducting, poly(ε-decalactone) composite neural interface materials

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Krukiewicz ◽  
James Britton ◽  
Daria Więcławska ◽  
Małgorzata Skorupa ◽  
Jorge Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Electrochemical Characteristics ◽  
Electrical Percolation ◽  
Electrically Conducting ◽  
Biomedical Device ◽  
Conducting Materials ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Polyester Matrix ◽  
Electrical Percolation Threshold

AbstractBy providing a bidirectional communication channel between neural tissues and a biomedical device, it is envisaged that neural interfaces will be fundamental in the future diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders. Due to the mechanical mismatch between neural tissue and metallic neural electrodes, soft electrically conducting materials are of great benefit in promoting chronic device functionality. In this study, carbon nanotubes (CNT), silver nanowires (AgNW) and poly(hydroxymethyl 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) microspheres (MSP) were employed as conducting fillers within a poly(ε-decalactone) (EDL) matrix, to form a soft and electrically conducting composite. The effect of a filler type on the electrical percolation threshold, and composite biocompatibility was investigated in vitro. EDL-based composites exhibited favourable electrochemical characteristics: EDL/CNT—the lowest film resistance (1.2 ± 0.3 kΩ), EDL/AgNW—the highest charge storage capacity (10.7 ± 0.3 mC cm− 2), and EDL/MSP—the highest interphase capacitance (1478.4 ± 92.4 µF cm−2). All investigated composite surfaces were found to be biocompatible, and to reduce the presence of reactive astrocytes relative to control electrodes. The results of this work clearly demonstrated the ability of high aspect ratio structures to form an extended percolation network within a polyester matrix, resulting in the formulation of composites with advantageous mechanical, electrochemical and biocompatibility properties.

scholarly journals The Motive Of Crime In Foreign Law: A Comparative Legal Analysis

2019 ◽  
pp. 145-154
Author(s):  
Yu.V. Leka
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
State Level ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Legal Analysis ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
European Standards ◽  
Basic Approaches ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Criminal Legislation ◽  
Subjective Side

The article substantiates the need to carry out a comparative legal analysis of Ukrainian and foreign legislation on fixing the motive of the crime and its criminal- legal significance. Comparative analysis of the laws of foreign countries is made taking into account the membership of countries in the legal systems. The research of the legal status of the motive of crime in the legislation of foreign countries was carried out on the basis of consideration of basic acts of criminal legislation approved at the state level by the higher legislative bodies of a state. The analysis of various approaches to determining the motive of the crime based on the works of foreign and domestic scientists. On the basis of consideration of normative legal acts of criminal nature of foreign countries, the main terms, which indicate the motive of the crime are defined. The basic approaches of fixing the motive of crime in the legislation of foreign countries are defined and the ways of improvement of the Ukrainian legislation in this matter are proposed. It has been established that the legislation of some countries clearly traces the role of motive as a circumstance aggravating punishment and as a sign that must be taken into account directly in sentencing. In spite of this, most countries still hold a position of indifference to the motive of the crime, recognizing it as a minor element of the subjective side of the crime. It is established that the position of the Ukrainian legislator on the optionality of the sign of motive among other constituents of the subjective side of the crime and the obligatory sign among the elements of evidence in the criminal process is quite logical and justified. But many aspects related to the motive for the crime must be refined. Ukrainian legislation, including criminal law, become more progressive every year and meets European standards.

Silurian acastacean trilobites of the Americas

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory D. Edgecombe
Keyword(s):  
Minor Element ◽  
South American ◽  
A Minor ◽  
North And South

Species of the superfamily Acastacea constitute a minor element of North and South American Silurian trilobite faunas. Phacopidina? obsoleta (Ulrich and Delo) (Llandovery, Tennessee) provides the sole Silurian record of the “kloucekiine” grade (Acastacea s.l.); a lectotype is designated for this species. Acaste birminghamensis Norford (mid Llandovery, Alabama) lacks synapomorphies of post-Llandovery Acastidae s.s. (=Acastinae + “Acastavinae” + Asteropyginae), and is the basis for Llandovacaste n. gen. (Acastidae s.l.). A well-preserved sample of Andinacaste cf. A. ledgrandi Eldredge and Braniša from the Catavi Formation (Ludlow–Přídolí), Bolivia, displays apomorphic characters of the genal spines and hypostome shared with Devonian calmoniids. Coaptative structures, including vincular furrow/pits and “bifurcated” thoracic pleural tips, are documented for Andinacaste; similar enrollment morphologies arose in other acastomorph calmoniids. Poorly known Llandovery acastaceans from Paraguay and Venezuela may represent Andinacaste. Acaste zerinae n. sp. from the Pembroke Formation (Přídolí) of Maine is closely comparable to British late Wenlock A. downingiae (Murchison). The Australian Gedinnian acastine placed in Phacopinae indet. longisulcata (Shergold) is designated Acaste lokii n. sp.

How can a minor element added to a binary amorphous alloy simultaneously improve the plasticity and glass-forming ability?

2013 ◽  
Vol 61 (17) ◽  
pp. 6597-6608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong-Kyu Kim ◽  
Mirim Lee ◽  
Kwang-Ryeol Lee ◽  
Jae-Chul Lee
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Alloy ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Glass Forming Ability ◽  
Glass Forming ◽  
A Minor

First-Principles Study of Atomic Hydrogen and Oxygen Adsorption on Doped-Iron Nanoclusters

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishith K. Das ◽  
T. Shoji
Keyword(s):  
Density Functional ◽  
Hydrogen Adsorption ◽  
Density Functional Theory Calculations ◽  
Minor Element ◽  
Oxygen Adsorption ◽  
Ground State Structure ◽  
Small Contribution ◽  
Functional Theory ◽  
Strong Hybridization ◽  
A Minor

Density functional theory calculations have been used to calculate the ground state structure and oxygen and hydrogen adsorption properties of the pure and doped-iron nanoclusters. Small atomic clusters containing two to six atoms have been considered and a single Fe atom has replaced by a minor element i.e. Zr, Ti, and Sc. Doping of a minor element increases the cluster stability and octahedron Fe5Zr is the most stable structure within this study. Zr- and Sc-doped clusters have the highest oxygen and hydrogen adsorption energy. The electronic structure shows a strong hybridization between the metal 3d and oxygen 2p orbitals with a small contribution from metal 4s and 3p orbitals. Additionally, H s and metal 4s states form a new peak below the Fermi energy and a small modification is observed for 3d orbitals near the Fermi level. A small amount of Zr- and Sc-doping into the Fe-based alloys might improve the oxide film adherence.

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