scholarly journals Research of Binary and Ternary Composites Based on Selected Aliphatic or Aliphatic–Aromatic Polymers, 5CB or SWCN toward Biodegradable Electrodes

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2480
Author(s):  
Patryk Fryń ◽  
Beata Jewłoszewicz ◽  
Krzysztof Artur Bogdanowicz ◽  
Wojciech Przybył ◽  
Agnieszka Gonciarz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Static Contact ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Hybrid Layers

The main goal of this paper was to study the optical, electrical, and thermal properties of hybrid composites based on biodegradable polymers (L,D-poly(lactic acid), polycaprolactone or Ecoflex®), single walled carbon nanotubes (SWCN), and 4′-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB). The biodegradable polymers’ binary and ternary compositions were analyzed in detail by ultraviolet and visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy taking into consideration their chemical structure and interactions with 5CB and SWCN. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) studies of the created hybrid layers showed thermal stability and changes in glass transition temperature and melting point in comparison to neat polymers, depending on the chemical structure of the polymer used and the type of composition. Morphology of the created layers were investigated by atomic force and polarizing microscopy. The static contact angle measurements of a water drop showed that all of the neat polymer layers were hydrophobic with angle values ranging from 108° to 115°. In addition, in the case of the Ecoflex® layers, both with and without additives, a rapid sorption of the deposited water drop was observed. Finally, a simple device with poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET)/indium tin oxide (ITO)/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS)/poly [[4,8-bis[(2-ethylhexyl)oxy]benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b′]dithiophene-2,6-diyl][3-fluoro-2-[(2-ethylhexyl)carbonyl]thieno[3,4-b]thiophenediyl]] (PTB7): [6,6]-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC70BM)/Ag/biodegradable polymer:SWCN architecture was constructed and tested using an infrared (IR) thermographic camera to investigate the surface defects on the created hybrid layers. Increasing the SWCN admixture from 0.01 to 0.5% significantly improved the conductivity only in the case of L,D-poly(lactic acid):SWCN (10:0.5), for which above 5 V, a current with a resistance of 3030.7 Ω could be measured. In order to use the created layers as flexible electrodes, the first experiments were carried out with an admixture of SWCN and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate) as conductive compounds.

Characterization of Poly(Diethylene Glycol Adipate -co- Neopentylglycol Adipate) as a New Plasticizer for Poly(Lactic Acid)

2013 ◽  
Vol 706-708 ◽  
pp. 28-31
Author(s):  
Tong Wan ◽  
Si Zhang ◽  
Tao Du
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Shear Rate ◽  
Diethylene Glycol ◽  
Parallel Plate ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Glycol Adipate ◽  
H Nmr ◽  
Biodegradable Blends

A new poly (diethylene glycol adipate -co- neopentylglycol adipate) (PDNA) was synthesized from diethylene glycol adipate (DEAP) with neopentylglycol adipate (NPAP). The chemical structure of PDNA was characterized by 1H-NMR. PLA was plasticized by various amount of PDNA to obtain biodegradable blends. The effects of both temperature and shear rate on the rheologies of PLA/PDNA blends were evaluated by a parallel plate rheometer.

scholarly journals Biocomposites based on polylactic acid and their thermal behavior after recycing

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vineta Srebrenkoska ◽  
Gordana Bogoeva Gaceva ◽  
Dimko Dimeski
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Rice Hull ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Mechanical Recycling ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Rice Hulls

<p>In this study, rice-hull-filled poly(lactic acid) (PLA) biocomposites were prepared through the addition of 5 wt.% PLA-grafted-MA (CA) for the enhancement of adhesion between the polymer matrix and natural filler. The composites containing 30 wt.% rice hulls (RH) were prepared by compression molding, with particular attention given to the introduction of recycled PLA matrix, as well as to the possibility of the recycling and reuse of PLA/RH biocomposites. For all biocomposites, produced from neat polymer and RH and those produced after the recycling of PLA/RH composites, the mechanical and thermal properties were analyzed and compared to those of a commonly used thermoplastic based-polymer, polypropylene (PP), containing the same reinforcement. Thermal stability of biocomposites based on recycled PLA matrix and of the new composites produced from recycled ones was practically unchanged. Introduction of the recycled PLA matrix into biocomposites resulted in decreased flexural modulus and strengths of about 50%. Utilization of the mixture obtained after the thermal-mechanical recycling of the whole biocomposite resulted in a composite with slightly increased flexural modulus and decreased flexural strength.</p><p>The obtained results have shown that rice-hull-filled poly(lactic acid) biocomposites could be recycled and utilized for the production of new eco-materials with acceptable thermal and mechanical properties. Namely, the results for flexural strength and modulus of the recycled biocomposite samples are comparable to those of conventional formaldehyde wood medium density fiberboards used as construction elements for indoor applications.</p><br /><p><strong> </strong></p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong>  biocomposites, polylactic acid, polypropylene, rice hulls, compression moulding.</p>

scholarly journals Impact of the Graphite Fillers on the Thermal Processing of Graphite/Poly(lactic acid) Composites

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5346
Author(s):  
Daniel Kaczor ◽  
Kacper Fiedurek ◽  
Krzysztof Bajer ◽  
Aneta Raszkowska-Kaczor ◽  
Grzegorz Domek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Polymer Matrix ◽  
Thermal Processing ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Expandable Graphite ◽  
Slight Reduction ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Industrial Grade ◽  
The Impact

To assess the impact of graphite fillers on the thermal processing of graphite/poly(lactic acid) (PLA) composites, a series of the composite samples with different graphite of industrial grade as fillers was prepared by melt mixing. The average size of the graphite grains ranged between 100 µm and 6 µm. For comparative purposes, one of the carbon fillers was expandable graphite. Composites were examined by SEM, FTIR, and Raman spectroscopy. As revealed by thermogravimetric (TG) analyses, graphite filler slightly lowered the temperature of thermal decomposition of the PLA matrix. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) tests showed that the room temperature crystallinity of the polymer matrix is strongly affected by the graphite filler. The crystallinity of the composites determined from the second heating cycle reached values close to 50%, while these values are close to zero for the neat polymer. The addition of graphite to PLA caused a slight reduction in the oxidation induction time (OIT). The melt flow rate (MFR) of the graphite/PLA composites was lower than the original PLA due to an increase in flow resistance associated with the high crystallinity of the polymer matrix. Expandable graphite did not cause changes in the structure of the polymer matrix during thermal treatment. The crystallinity of the composite with this filler did not increase after first heating and was close to the neat PLA MFR value, which was extremely high due to the low crystallinity of the PLA matrix and delamination of the filler at elevated temperature.

Formulating bioplastic composites for biodegradability, recycling, and performance: A Review

BioResources ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 2021-2083
Author(s):  
Martin A. Hubbe ◽  
Nathalie Lavoine ◽  
Lucian A. Lucia ◽  
Chang Dou
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Neat Polymer ◽  
Reinforcing Particles ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Processing Steps ◽  
Rate Controlling Step

Society’s wish list for future packaging systems is placing some daunting challenges upon researchers: In addition to protecting contents during storage and shipping, the material must not bio-accumulate, and it should be readily recyclable by using practical processing steps. This article considers strategies employing bio-based plastics and reviews published information relative to their performance. Though bioplastics such as poly(lactic acid) (PLA) and poly(hydroxybutyrate) (PHB) can be prepared from plant materials, their default properties are generally inferior to those of popular synthetic plastics. In addition, some bioplastics are not easily decomposed in soil or seawater, and the polymers can undergo chemical breakdown during recycling. This review considers strategies to overcome such challenges, including the use of biodegradable cellulose-based reinforcing particles. In addition to contributing to strength, the cellulose can swell the bioplastic, allowing enzymatic attack. The rate-controlling step in bioplastic degradation also can be abiotic, i.e. not involving enzymes. Though there is much more work to be done, much progress has been achieved in formulating bioplastic composites that are biodegradable, recyclable, and higher in strength compared to the neat polymer. Emphasis in this review is placed on PLA and PHB, but not to the exclusion of other bioplastic matrix materials.

Mechanical Characteristics of Chitosan Dispersed Poly Lactic Acid/Basalt Fiber Hybrid Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-60
Author(s):  
A. Arul Jeya Kumar ◽  
I. Ashok Kumar ◽  
V. Srinivasan ◽  
N. Mohamad Raffi
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid

scholarly journals Biodegradation Behavior of Poly(Butylene Adipate-Co-Terephthalate) (PBAT), Poly(Lactic Acid) (PLA), and Their Blend in Freshwater with Sediment

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (17) ◽  
pp. 3946
Author(s):  
Ye Fu ◽  
Gang Wu ◽  
Xinchao Bian ◽  
Jianbing Zeng ◽  
Yunxuan Weng
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Structure ◽  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Chemical Structure ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Relative Peak Area ◽  
Butylene Terephthalate ◽  
Aggregation Structure ◽  
Gel Permeation

Poly(butylene adipate-co-terephthalate) (PBAT) and poly(lactic acid) (PLA) are well-known biodegadable polyesters due to their outstanding performance. The biodegradation behavior of PLA/PBAT blends in freshwater with sediment is investigated in this study by analyzing the appearance, chemical structure and aggregation structure of their degraded residues via SEM, TG, DSC, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and XPS. The effect of aggregation structure, hydrophilia and biodegradation mechanisms of PBAT and PLA on the biodegradability of PLA/PBAT blends is illuminated in this work. After biodegradation, the butylene terephthalate unit in the molecular structure of the components and the molecular weight of PLA/PBAT blends decreased, while the content of C-O bond in the composites increased, indicating that the samples indeed degraded. After 24 months of degradation, the increase in the relative peak area proportion of C-O to C=O in PLA/PBAT-25, PLA/PBAT-50 and PLA/PBAT-75 was 62%, 46% and 68%, respectively. The biodegradation rates of PBAT and PLA in the PLA/PBAT blend were lower than those for the respective single polymers.

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