scholarly journals Behavior of Steel–Coconut Shell Concrete–Steel Composite Beam without and with Shear Studs under Flexural Load

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 2444
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Thangasamy ◽  
Gunasekaran Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Steel Plate ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Guideline Values ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Double Skin ◽  
The Moment

In this study, we investigated using coconut shell concrete (CSC) in double-skin steel plate sandwich beams, i.e., steel–concrete–steel (SCS) under flexure. Two cases—without and with shear studs to interconnect the bottom tension and top compression plates—were considered. Conventional concrete (CC) was used for comparison purposes. The effect of quarry dust (QD) in place of river sand (RS) was considered. Therefore, four mixes named as CC, conventional concrete produced using QD (CCQ), CSC and coconut shell concrete produced using QD (CSCQ) were used. Three different steel plate thicknesses were considered (4 mm, 6 mm and 8 mm). In total, twelve SCS specimens were tested to evaluate the flexural performance under two-point static loads. Study parameters include: partial and fully composite, ultimate moment and failures, deflection characteristics, ductility property, cracking behavior and strains in both tension and compression plates. It was found that the moment carrying capacity of the SCS sandwich beams increased when the thickness of the steel plate increased. Our results provided evidence that using QD in place of RS augmented the strength of beams. Theoretical deflections were underestimated the experimental deflection, except in one case. The SCS beams showed good ductility behavior. The SCS beams exhibited crack widths at yielding well below guideline values.

Flexural Resistance of Steel-Coconut Shell Concrete-Steel Composite Beam with Normal and J-Hook Shear Studs

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lakshmi Thangasamy ◽  
◽  
Gunasekaran Kandasamy ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Concrete Strength ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Core Material ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Moment Capacity ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Core Concrete

Many researches on double skin sandwich having top and bottom steel plates and in between concrete core called as steel-concrete-steel (SCS) were carried out by them on this SCS type using with different materials. Yet, use of coconut shell concrete (CSC) as a core material on this SCS form construction and their results are very limited. Study investigated to use j-hook shear studs under flexure in the concept of steel-concrete-steel (SCS) in which the core concrete was CSC. To compare the results of CSC, the conventional concrete (CC) was also considered. To study the effect of quarry dust (QD) in its place of river sand (RS) was also taken. Hence four different mixes two without QD and two with QD both in CC and CSC was considered. The problem statement is to examine about partial and fully composite, moment capacity, deflection and ductility properties of CSC used SCS form of construction. Core concrete strength and the j-hook shear studs used are influences the moment carrying capacity of the SCS beams. Use of QD in its place of RS enhances the strength of concrete produced. Deflections predicted theoretically were compared with experimental results. The SCS beams showed good ductility behavior.

scholarly journals Shrinkage Study and Strength Aspects of Concrete with Foundry Sand and Coconut Shell as a Partial Replacement for Coarse and Fine Aggregate

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (23) ◽  
pp. 7420
Author(s):  
Kalyana Chakravarthy Polichetty Raja ◽  
Ilango Thaniarasu ◽  
Mohamed Abdelghany Elkotb ◽  
Khalid Ansari ◽  
C Ahamed Saleel
Keyword(s):  
Drying Shrinkage ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Current Observation ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand ◽  
Natural Aggregates

The demand for natural aggregates (river sand) is increasing day by day, leading to the destruction of the environment, a burden that will be passed on to young people. Further, wastes from various industries are being dumped in landfills, which poses serious environmental problems. In order to ensure sustainability, both the issues mentioned above can be solved by utilizing industrial waste as aggregate replacement in the concrete construction industry. This research is done to find out the results using two substances viz., waste foundry sand (WFS) and coconut shell (CS) substitute for river sand and coarse aggregate. Many researchers have found the maximum benefits of substituted substances used in cement, which has material consistency. This current observation explores these strong waste properties of waste-infused concrete and cement, which experience shrinkage from drying out. The replacement levels for waste foundry sand were varied, between 10%, 20%, and 30%, and for CS, it was 10% and 20%. The experimental outcomes are evident for the strength, which increases by using WFS, whereas the strength decreases by increasing the CS level. The concrete that experiences shrinkage from drying out is included in the waste material, showing a higher magnitude of drying shrinkage than conventional concrete.

scholarly journals Cyclic Performance of Steel–Concrete–Steel Sandwich Beams with Rubcrete and LECA Concrete Core

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Osama Youssf ◽  
Reza Hassanli ◽  
Julie E. Mills ◽  
Xing Ma ◽  
Yan Zhuge
Keyword(s):  
Lightweight Concrete ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Structural Applications

Due to the structural and economic features of steel–concrete–steel (SCS) structural systems compared with conventional reinforced concrete ones, they are now used for a range of structural applications. Rubcrete, in which crumbed rubber from scrap tires partially replaces mineral aggregates in concrete, can be used instead of conventional concrete. Utilizing rubber waste in concrete potentially results in a more ductile lightweight concrete that can introduce additional features to the SCS structural members. This study aimed to explore different concrete core materials in SCS beams and the appropriate shear connectors required. In this study, four SCS sandwich beams were tested experimentally under incrementally increasing flexure cyclic loading. Each beam had a length of 1000 mm, and upper and lower steel plates with 3 mm thickness sandwiched the concrete core, which had a cross-section of 150 mm × 150 mm. Two of the beams were constructed out of Rubcrete core with welded and bolted shear connectors, while the other two beams were constructed with welded shear connectors and either conventional concrete or lightweight expanded clay aggregate (LECA) concrete cores. The performance of the SCS sandwich beams including damage pattern, failure mode, load-displacement response, and energy dissipation behavior was compared. The results showed that, while Rubcrete was able to provide similar concrete cracking behavior and strength to that of conventional concrete, LECA concrete degraded the strength properties of SCS. Using bolted shear connectors instead of welded ones caused a high number of cracks that resulted in a reduced ductility and deflection capacity of the beam before failure. The rubberized concrete specimen presented an improved ductility and deflection capacity compared with its conventional concrete counterpart.

scholarly journals Sustainable Alternate Materials for Concrete Production from Renewable Source and Waste

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 1204
Author(s):  
R. Ramasubramani ◽  
K. Gunasekaran
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Coconut Shell ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Microstructural Characteristics ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Manufactured Sand ◽  
Concrete Production

Natural resources are being continuously extracted for the production of concrete which leads to degradation of the ecosystem. This is also a challenge for sustainability to save Nature. This study seeks to identify a suitable replacement material for river sand and stone aggregate for the sustainable utilization of renewable sources. Manufactured sand (M-sand) from industrial by-products and coconut shell (CS), an agricultural waste, are the resources selected as replacement materials for sustainability. This study uses M-sand as fine aggregate and CS coarse aggregate in place of river sand (R-sand) and crushed stone aggregate (CSA) for concrete production, respectively. To prove that M-sand and CS are sustainable alternate materials, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics on concrete constituents and CS aggregate and also conducted on concrete produced using R-sand, M-sand and CS. Also, this study focused on the microstructural characteristics and properties of conventional concrete (CC) and coconut shell concrete (CSC) produced using both R-sand and M-sand. Since this study aims to find sustainable alternative materials for R-sand and CSA by M-sand and CS, its properties are studied and compared since microstructural characterization is very significant for concrete compatibility. Microstructural studies revealed that the use of M-sand does not affect the microstructural properties of concrete compared to R-sand concrete and rather it improves the strength of concrete. A similar same trend was observed when CS was used with M-sand compared to CS used with R-sand. Hence, this study strongly suggests that the use of M-sand in its place of R-sand and CS in its place of CSA are sustainable alternatives for the production of concrete so that natural resources can be saved and hence sustainability could be sustained.

Bending Behavior of Simply-Supported Sandwich Beams Subjected to Large Deflection

2018 ◽  
Vol 777 ◽  
pp. 569-574
Author(s):  
Zhong You Xie
Keyword(s):  
Energy Absorption ◽  
Large Deflection ◽  
Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Sandwich Beams ◽  
Element Simulation ◽  
Energy Absorption Efficiency ◽  
Load Carrying ◽  
Absorption Performance ◽  
Bending Behavior ◽  
The Moment

Due to thin skins and soft core, it is apt to local indentation inducing the concurrence of geometrical and material nonlinearity in sandwich structures. In the paper, finite element simulation is used to investigate the bending behavior of lightweight sandwich beams under large deflection. A modified formulation for the moment at mid-span section of sandwich beams under large deflection is presented, and energy absorption performance is assessed based on energy absorption efficiency. In addition, it is found that no local indentation arises initially, while later that increases gradually with loading displacement increasing. The height of the mid-span section as well as load-carrying capacity decreases significantly with local indentation depth increasing.

scholarly journals Full and Partial Interaction Analysis of Single Span Double Skin Composite Beams with Frictional Force

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Orhan Doğan
Keyword(s):  
Interaction Analysis ◽  
Plain Concrete ◽  
Steel Plates ◽  
Simply Supported ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
Partial Interaction ◽  
Tension And Compression ◽  
Double Skin ◽  
Frictional Forces ◽  
Thin Steel Plate

Double skin composite (DSC) construction consists of a layer of a plain concrete, sandwiched between two layers of relatively thin steel plate, connected to the concrete by welded stud shear connectors. This construction acts in a similar way to doubly reinforced concrete elements but the flexibility of connection between the steel plates and concrete gives rise to interface slip and additional overall element deflection. This results in a strong and efficient structure with certain potential advantages over conventional forms of construction. This paper presents a theoretical analysis of the behavior of simply supported single span DSC beams, assuming both full and partial interaction. The partial interaction analysis takes into account the flexibility of connection on both tension and compression faces. The partial interaction analysis is extended to cover the influence of frictional forces between the concrete and external steel plates, at the supports and load points. The theoretical solutions based on partial interaction theory, assuming realistic material and shear connector properties and incorporating the influence of interface frictional forces between the concrete and external steel plates, at the supports and load points, are compared with the results of tests on DSC beams. It is concluded that the proposed method shows good correlation with real behavior and may be reliably used for the analysis of simply supported single span DSC beams.

scholarly journals Comparison of Conventional Concrete and Replacement of River Sand by Waste Foundry Sand and Cement by Nano-Silica

2020 ◽  
pp. 201-205
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Investigation ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Nano Silica ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Foundry Sand ◽  
Concrete Production ◽  
Waste Foundry Sand

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the properties of concrete in which like cement is partially replacing by used nano silica and is partially replacing by used waste foundry sand. Because now a day the world wide consumption of sand as cement and as fine aggregate in concrete production is very high. Nano silica and waste foundry sand are major by product of casting industry and create land pollution. The cement will be replaced with nano silica and the river sand will be replaced with waste foundry sand (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). This experimental investigation was done and found out that with the increase in the nano silica and waste foundry sand ratio. Compression test has been done to find out the compressive strength of concrete at the age of 7, 14, 21, and 28. Test result indicates in increasing compressive strength of plain concrete by inclusion of nano silica as a partial replacement of cement and waste foundry sand as a partial replacement of fine aggregate.

scholarly journals Strength Analysis of Concrete Containing Crushed Rock Particles AS Partial and Total Replacement of Sand

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 8092-8099
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Tensile Tests ◽  
Crushed Rock ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Strength Analysis ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Natural Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Stone Dust ◽  
Compressive Strength Test

In recent past, the demand for natural river sand has rapidly increased for constructional purposes. This high demand led to extraction of sand from river beds. Depletion of natural sand creates the environmental issues and hence sand excavating is restricted by government which resulted in shortage and substantial increase in its cost. In this context, there is a need to recognize reasonable elective material from mechanical waste instead of stream sand. The usage of squashed shake sand which is a waste material has been acknowledged as building material in numerous nations for as long as three decades. In this paper, attempt is being made to replace natural river sand partially and completely with stone dust. The cube compressive strength test and split tensile tests were conducted. Experimental investigations have revealed that the mechanical properties of concrete using stone dust are almost similar to the conventional concrete. Hence the detrimental effects on environment caused due to excessive mining of river sand can be minimized.

scholarly journals Role of Steel Plate Thickness on the Residual Stress Formation and Cracking Behavior During Flame Cutting

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (9) ◽  
pp. 4178-4192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Jokiaho ◽  
Suvi Santa-aho ◽  
Pasi Peura ◽  
Minnamari Vippola
Keyword(s):  
Residual Stress ◽  
Steel Plate ◽  
Plate Thickness ◽  
Cracking Behavior ◽  
Stress Formation

scholarly journals Suitability of Scoria as Fine Aggregate and Its Effect on the Properties of Concrete

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (17) ◽  
pp. 4647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warati ◽  
Darwish ◽  
Feyessa ◽  
Ghebrab
Keyword(s):  
Construction Materials ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Engineering Properties ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Fine Aggregate ◽  
Test Results ◽  
River Sand ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Concrete Production

The increase in the demand for concrete production for the development of infrastructures in developing countries like Ethiopia leads to the depletion of virgin aggregates and high cement demand, which imposes negative environmental impacts. In sustainable development, there is a need for construction materials to focus on the economy, efficient energy utilization, and environmental protections. One of the strategies in green concrete production is the use of locally available construction materials. Scoria is widely available around the central towns of Ethiopia, especially around the rift valley regions where huge construction activities are taking place. The aim of this paper is therefore to analyze the suitability of scoria as a fine aggregate for concrete production and its effect on the properties of concrete. A differing ratio of scoria was considered as a partial replacement of fine aggregate with river sand after analyzing its engineering properties, and its effect on the mechanical properties of concrete were examined. The test results on the engineering properties of scoria revealed that the material is suitable to be used as a fine aggregate in concrete production. The replacement of scoria with river sand also enhanced the mechanical strength of the concrete. Generally, the findings of the experimental study showed that scoria could replace river sand by up to 50% for conventional concrete production.

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