scholarly journals Role of the La/K Compositional Ratio in the Properties of Waveguides Written by Fs-Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Phosphate-Based Glasses

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Moreno-Zarate ◽  
Francisco Muñoz ◽  
Belen Sotillo ◽  
Manuel Macias-Montero ◽  
Julia Atienzar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Local Modification ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Index Contrast ◽  
Element Redistribution ◽  
Local Enrichment

The local modification of the composition of glasses by high repetition femtosecond laser irradiation is an attractive method for producing photonic devices. Recently, the successful production of waveguides with a refractive index contrast (Δn) above 10−2 by fs-laser writing has been demonstrated in phosphate glasses containing La2O3 and K2O modifiers. This large index contrast has been related to a local enrichment in lanthanum in the light guiding region accompanied by a depletion in potassium. In this work, we have studied the influence of the initial glass composition on the performance of waveguides that are produced by fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) in phosphate-based samples with different La and K concentrations. We have analyzed the contribution to the electronic polarizability of the different glass constituents based on refractive index measurements of the untreated samples, and used it to estimate the expected index contrast caused by the experimentally measured local compositional changes in laser written guiding structures. These estimated values have been compared to experimental ones that are derived from near field images of the guided modes with an excellent agreement. Therefore, we have developed a method to estimate before-hand the expected index contrast in fs-laser written waveguides via FLIER for a given glass composition. The obtained results stress the importance of considering the contribution to the polarizability of all the moving species when computing the expected refractive index changes that are caused by FLIER processes.

scholarly journals Competition Effects during Femtosecond Laser Induced Element Redistribution in Ba- and La-Migration Based Laser Written Waveguides

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3185
Author(s):  
Manuel Macias-Montero ◽  
Pedro Moreno-Zárate ◽  
Francisco Muñoz ◽  
Belén Sotillo ◽  
Marina Garcia-Pardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Processing ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Competition Effect ◽  
Competition Effects ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Index Contrast ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Element Redistribution ◽  
Element Migration

Fs-laser induced element redistribution (FLIER) has been a subject of intensive research in recent years. Its application to various types of glasses has already resulted in the production of efficient optical waveguides, tappers, amplifiers and lasers. Most of the work reported on FLIER-based waveguides refers to structures produced by the cross-migration of alkali (Na, K) and lanthanides (mostly La). The latter elements act as refractive index carrying elements. Herein, we report the production of Ba-based, FLIER-waveguides in phosphate glass with an index contrast > 10−2. Phosphate glasses modified with the same amount of Na2O and K2O, and variable amounts of BaO and/or La2O3 were used to produce the FLIER-waveguides with Ba and or La acting as index carriers. Ba-only modified glasses show a waveguide writing threshold and light guiding performance comparable to that of La-based structures. However, mixed Ba-La glasses show a much higher element migration threshold, and much smaller compositionally modified regions. This behavior is consistent with a competition effect in the cross-migration of both elements (Ba and La) against the alkalis. Such an effect can be applied to inhibit undesired element redistribution effects in fs-laser processing applications in multicomponent glasses.

scholarly journals Optical Sensitivity of Waveguides Inscribed in Nanoporous Silicate Framework

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 123
Author(s):  
Zhong Lijing ◽  
Roman A. Zakoldaev ◽  
Maksim M. Sergeev ◽  
Andrey B. Petrov ◽  
Vadim P. Veiko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Laser Pulses ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Pulses ◽  
Direct Writing ◽  
Sensor Applications ◽  
Refractive Index Contrast ◽  
Optical Sensitivity ◽  
Index Contrast

Laser direct writing technique in glass is a powerful tool for various waveguides’ fabrication that highly develop the element base for designing photonic devices. We apply this technique to fabricate waveguides in porous glass (PG). Nanoporous optical materials for the inscription can elevate the sensing ability of such waveguides to higher standards. The waveguides were fabricated by a single-scan approach with femtosecond laser pulses in the densification mode, which resulted in the formation of a core and cladding. Experimental studies revealed three types of waveguides and quantified the refractive index contrast (up to Δn = 1.2·10−2) accompanied with ~1.2 dB/cm insertion losses. The waveguides demonstrated the sensitivity to small objects captured by the nanoporous framework. We noticed that the deposited ethanol molecules (3 µL) on the PG surface influence the waveguide optical properties indicating the penetration of the molecule to its cladding. Continuous monitoring of the output near field intensity distribution allowed us to determine the response time (6 s) of the waveguide buried at 400 µm below the glass surface. We found that the minimum distinguishable change of the refractive index contrast is 2 × 10−4. The results obtained pave the way to consider the waveguides inscribed into PG as primary transducers for sensor applications.

scholarly journals High-Efficiency Waveguide Optical Amplifiers and Lasers via FS-Laser Induced Local Modification of the Glass Composition

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (14) ◽  
pp. 2955-2959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus del Hoyo ◽  
Pedro Moreno-Zarate ◽  
Geman Escalante ◽  
Juan A. Valles ◽  
Paloma Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Optical Amplifiers ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Local Modification ◽  
Fs Laser

Imaging Ellipsometry Determination of the Refractive Index Contrast and Dispersion of Channel Waveguides Inscribed by fs-Laser Induced Ion-Migration

2018 ◽  
Vol 215 (19) ◽  
pp. 1800258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Moreno-Zarate ◽  
Antonio Gonzalez ◽  
Sebastian Funke ◽  
Antonio Días ◽  
Belen Sotillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Ion Migration ◽  
Refractive Index Contrast ◽  
Imaging Ellipsometry ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Channel Waveguides ◽  
Index Contrast

Unique Functional Micro/nano-structures Created by Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

2003 ◽  
Vol 780 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.H. Hong ◽  
S.M. Huang ◽  
W.J. Wang ◽  
K.S. Tiaw ◽  
S.H. Teoh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Data Storage ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Optical Recording ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Laser Applications ◽  
Fs Laser ◽  
Hole Arrays

AbstractFemtosecond (fs) laser application in three-dimensional (3D) optical recording is introduced. The laser irradiation on transparent glass and polymer matrix doped with fluorescent material is carried out, which changes the physical or chemical properties of the recording media and records information bits. With the change of the focusing positions inside the transparent substrates, 3D optical recording can be available for ultrahigh capacity data storage. Feasibility on fs laser drilling of poly-caprolactone (PCL) thin films for tissue engineering is investigated. It is found that precisely defined micro-hole arrays can be formed on the sample surfaces. Hydrophilic property of the processed samples is much improved, which provides good conditions for tissue cells to anchor on the man-made skin. Fs laser applications to form nanostructures on substrate surfaces are studied. Fs laser combination with near-field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) to induce surface property modification in the sub 50-nm under NSOM tip and nanoparticles is also discussed.

scholarly journals Femtosecond laser induced thermophoretic writing of waveguides in silicate glass

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Macias-Montero ◽  
Francisco Muñoz ◽  
Belén Sotillo ◽  
Jesús del Hoyo ◽  
Rocío Ariza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Silicate Glass ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Near Field ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Photonic Devices ◽  
Focal Volume ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fs Laser

AbstractHere in, the fs-laser induced thermophoretic writing of microstructures in ad-hoc compositionally designed silicate glasses and their application as infrared optical waveguides is reported. The glass modification mechanism mimics the elemental thermal diffusion occurring in basaltic liquids at the Earth’s mantle, but in a much shorter time scale (108 times faster) and over a well-defined micrometric volume. The precise addition of BaO, Na2O and K2O to the silicate glass enables the creation of positive refractive index contrast upon fs-laser irradiation. The influence of the focal volume and the induced temperature gradient is thoroughly analyzed, leading to a variety of structures with refractive index contrasts as high as 2.5 × 10–2. Two independent methods, namely near field measurements and electronic polarizability analysis, confirm the magnitude of the refractive index on the modified regions. Additionally, the functionality of the microstructures as waveguides is further optimized by lowering their propagation losses, enabling their implementation in a wide range of photonic devices.

Formation of Elemental Distribution in Glass Using Thermal Accumulation with Femtosecond Laser Irradiation

2009 ◽  
Vol 1230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Shimizu ◽  
Kiyotaka Miura ◽  
Naomi Yasuda ◽  
Masaaki Sakakura ◽  
Shingo Kanehira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Refractive Index ◽  
Laser Irradiation ◽  
Soret Effect ◽  
Femtosecond Laser Irradiation ◽  
Borate Glasses ◽  
Elemental Distribution ◽  
Refractive Index Distribution ◽  
High Repetition ◽  
Index Distribution ◽  
Fs Laser

AbstractElemental migration inside a glass was induced space-selectively and microscopically by high-repetition femtosecond(fs) laser irradiation. The tendency of the elemental migration depended on the strength of the bond between cations and oxygen ions:strongly bonded ions like Si or Al migrated to the center of the irradiated spot, whereas weekly bonded ions such as Ca migrated to the outside. Judged from analyzed temperature distribution, this phenomenon may be due to the thermomigration(Soret effect). The refractive index distribution was modified locally by controlling elemental distribution and optical waveguide was formed in phosphate and borate glasses.

Femtosecond-laser inscription via local modification of the glass composition in phosphate glasses

CLEO: 2014 ◽  
2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Hoyo ◽  
Belen Sotillo ◽  
Jan Siegel ◽  
Toney T. Fernandez ◽  
Paloma Fernandez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Femtosecond Laser ◽  
Glass Composition ◽  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Local Modification
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