Possible Recycling of Cigarette Butts as Fiber Modifier in Bitumen for Asphalt Concrete

Md Tareq Rahman; Abbas Mohajerani; Filippo Giustozzi

doi:10.3390/ma13030734

Possible Recycling of Cigarette Butts as Fiber Modifier in Bitumen for Asphalt Concrete

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13030734 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 734 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Md Tareq Rahman ◽

Abbas Mohajerani ◽

Filippo Giustozzi

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Toxic Chemicals ◽

Public Places ◽

Cigarette Butts ◽

Fiber Plastic ◽

Point Test ◽

Cellulose Acetate Fiber ◽

Laboratory Investigations ◽

Ongoing Project

Littering waste is among the top environmental issues in the world, and the management of the waste has turned into a challenge in almost every city. It has been reported that 75% of smokers dispose of their cigarette butts (CBs) on the ground, even in public places. Researchers have discovered that CBs make up more than one-third of the total littered waste on the planet. Cigarette butts predominantly consist of a cellulose acetate fiber (plastic)-based filter wrapped in paper. Waste CBs contain burnt tobacco and tar, along with many other toxic chemicals. They take years to biodegrade depending on the environmental conditions, and toxic chemicals leach out and contaminate the environment. As part of an ongoing project, this paper presents a novel and sustainable technique to recycle cigarette butts in bitumen for the construction of flexible pavements. In this research, CBs have been pre-processed and mixed with bitumen classes C320, C170, and PMB A10E as a fiber modifier. Comprehensive laboratory investigations, including a penetration test, softening point test, and viscosity test, have been performed along with a binder drain off test to evaluate the performance of the modified samples. During this investigation, samples were prepared with 0.3% cellulose fiber, 0.2%, 0.3% 0.4%, and 0.5% CBs. The results of the CB-modified samples were compared with the sample with cellulose fiber and fresh bitumen (0% fiber). The results show that the physical and rheological properties of bitumen incorporating CBs improve significantly, and CBs could be used instead of virgin cellulose fiber as a fiber modifier.

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Expérience de fréquentation des lieux publics par des personnes âgées ayant subi un TCC en présence d’un accompagnateur-citoyen: projet pilote

Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement ◽

10.1017/s0714980816000180 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 229-241 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Marie-Josée Levert ◽

Hélène Lefebvre ◽

Isabelle Gélinas ◽

Michelle McKerall ◽

Odette Roy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Conceptual Framework ◽

Elderly People ◽

Additional Data ◽

Pilot Project ◽

Structured Interview ◽

Public Places ◽

Travel Planning ◽

Observation Method ◽

Direct Observation Method ◽

Ongoing Project

ABSTRACTThis pilot project aims to test and see the relevance of the direct observation method to collect data on the barriers and facilitators to attending public places by seniors with TBI. The study is based on the conceptual framework VADA WHO which focuses on the development of friendly built and technological environments for seniors. Three elderly people participated in the study, recruited from an ongoing project, The Citizen Intervention in Community Living (APIC), in the presence of their personalized attendant. The study shows the feasibility of the method in terms of its acceptability and resources mobilized. It shows its relevance to access additional data that would have been difficult to obtain using others methods (e.g., semi-structured interview), such as the identification of the strategies used by the participants to address the obstacles encountered (avoidance, travel planning, use of physical and preventative support of the personalized attendant).

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The Research Development of Cellulose Acetate Fiber and Cellulose Acetate Nanofiber Used as Filtering Materials

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.671.279 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 671 ◽

pp. 279-284 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Xiang Ping Si ◽

Shu Jie Zhang ◽

Yun Chen ◽

Jian Hua Cao ◽

Zhi Xiang Cao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Filter Material ◽

Raw Material ◽

Regenerated Cellulose ◽

Research Development ◽

Air Filter ◽

Filter Materials ◽

Cellulose Acetate Fiber ◽

Regenerated Cellulose Fiber

Cellulose acetate(CA) fiber is a kind of regenerated cellulose fiber that with cellulose and acetic acid as raw material,and obtained through esterification reaction.The fiber has features of environmental protection,natural,non-toxic and good degradability.CA nanofiber is prepared by the electrostatic spinning technology has excellent performance and has been closely watched.The application of CA fiber and CA nanofiber in filtering materials was summarized.The application of CA fiber in cigarette filter holder and the research development of CA nanofiber in air filter materials, biomedical filter material,metal ions adsorption and other filter material was emphaticly expounded.

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Cellulose Acetate Textile Fiber Filtration System Applied for Pre-Treatment of Surface Water

Anuário do Instituto de Geociências - UFRJ ◽

10.11137/1982-3908_2022_45_44159 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

Author(s):

Ana Silvia De Lima Vielmo ◽

Ailton Borges Rodrigues ◽

Eduardo Volkart da Rosa ◽

Dayane Gonzaga Domingos ◽

Juliana Barden Schallemberger ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Surface Waters ◽

Cigarette Butts ◽

Filtration System ◽

Apparent Color ◽

Cellulose Acetate Fiber ◽

Pre Treatment ◽

And Performance ◽

True Color

This study aimed to evaluate a nonwoven (NW) production and performance from cellulose acetate fiber from cigarette butts andapplied to a filtration system for surface water pre-treatment. The system had a surface area of 692 cm³, cellulose acetate from cigarette butt as filter media, was used and was fed with surface water from a pond. In order to evaluate the treatment performance of the filtration system were evaluated in the raw water (RW) and the filtered water (FW) the classical parameter of water quality as turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), apparent color, true color, and total organic carbon (TOC) and heavy metals (iron, copper, and cadmium). Moreover, the presence of nicotine was investigated in the FW. The results showed a mean removal efficiency in order to 62.01%, 54.42%, 50.36 %, 6.73%, and 5.20% for turbidity, TSS, apparent color, true color, and TOC, respectively. The removal of metals varied in the order of 72.26%, 9.61%, and 2.12% for cadmium, iron, and copper, respectively. The presence of nicotine in RW and FW was not identified. In this way, besides reducing the negative environmental impacts caused by cigarette butts present in the environment, the developed technology showed potential for removing pollutants present in surface waters.

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Cellulose acetate/fiber paper composite membrane for separation of oil-in-water emulsion

New Journal of Chemistry ◽

10.1039/d1nj02236a ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Jun Lei ◽

Zhiguang Guo ◽

Weimin Liu

Keyword(s):

Cellulose Acetate ◽

Composite Membrane ◽

Phase Inversion ◽

Low Cost ◽

Cellulose Fiber ◽

Inversion Process ◽

Water Emulsion ◽

Oil In Water ◽

Cellulose Acetate Fiber ◽

Oil In Water Emulsion

Cellulose is a kind of low-cost, widely-sourced and environmentally friendly material. In this paper, a cellulose acetate/cellulose fiber paper composite membrane was prepared through a phase inversion process. Combining the...

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Implementation of Recycling Cigarette Butts in Lightweight Bricks and a Proposal for Ending the Littering of Cigarette Butts in Our Cities

Materials ◽

10.3390/ma13184023 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 13 (18) ◽

pp. 4023

Author(s):

Abbas Mohajerani ◽

Siu Qun Hui ◽

Cary Shen ◽

James Suntovski ◽

Glen Rodwell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽

Energy Savings ◽

Toxic Chemicals ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Bacteriological Study ◽

Clay Bricks ◽

Cigarette Butts ◽

Volatile Organic ◽

Bacillus Spp ◽

Staphylococcus Spp

Our cities, parks, beaches, and oceans have been contaminated for many years with millions of tonnes of unsightly and toxic cigarette butts (CBs). This study presents and discusses some of the results of an ongoing study on recycling in fired-clay bricks. Energy savings: the energy value of CBs with remnant tobacco was found to be 16.5 MJ/kg. If just 2.5% of all bricks produced annually worldwide included 1% CB content, all of the CBs currently produced could be recycled in bricks, and it is estimated that global firing energy consumption could be reduced by approximately 20 billion MJ (megajoules). This approximately equates to the power used by one million homes in Victoria, Australia, every year. Bacteriological study: CBs were investigated for the presence of ten common bacteria in two pilot studies. Staphylococcus spp. and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were detected in fresh used CB samples, and Listeria spp. were detected in old used CB samples. All of the CB samples except the dried sample had significant counts of Bacillus spp. Some species of the detected bacteria in this study are pathogenic. Further confirmation and comprehensive microbiological study are needed in this area. The contact of naphthalene balls with CBs had a significant disinfecting effect on Bacillus spp. The implementation procedure for recycling CBs in bricks, odour from Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) emissions in CBs, sterilization methods, CB collection systems, and safety instructions were investigated, and they are discussed. Proposal: when considering the combined risks from many highly toxic chemicals and possible pathogens in cigarette butts, it is proposed that littering of this waste anywhere in cities and the environment be strictly prohibited and that offenders be heavily fined.

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Television's Portrayal of the Environment: 1991–1995

Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly ◽

10.1177/107769909707400112 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 147-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

James Shanahan ◽

Katherine McComas

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Prime Time ◽

Television Programs ◽

Network Television ◽

Dimensional Scaling ◽

Ongoing Project

This paper examines data from an ongoing project which content analyzes television's messages about environmental issues. The data are weeklong samples taken yearly from prime-time network television programs sampled in the Boston, Massachusetts, and Ithaca, New York, areas. We analyze the environment as a “theme” in prime-time entertainment programming, recording its prevalence in comparison to other themes. A multiple dimensional scaling shows how the environment appears in relation to other themes on television. Also, we analyze “episodes” in television programs which have specific environmental content. Our data show that attention to environmental issues has been decreasing in our sample years 1991 to 1995.

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Acetaminophen: Neonatal hepatotoxicity due to late pregnancy exposure

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100127906 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 45 ◽

pp. 718-719

Author(s):

G.A. Miranda ◽

M.A. Arroyo ◽

C.A. Lucio ◽

M. Mongeotti ◽

S.S. Poolsawat

Keyword(s):

Low Dose ◽

Fetal Liver ◽

Late Pregnancy ◽

Toxic Chemicals ◽

Control Group ◽

High Dose ◽

Over The Counter ◽

Liver And Kidney ◽

Neonatal Liver ◽

Childbearing Women

Exposure to drugs and toxic chemicals, during late pregnancy, is a common occurrence in childbearing women. Some studies have reported that more than 90% of pregnant women use at least 1 prescription; of this, 60% used more than one. Another study indicated that 80% of the consumed drugs were not prescribed, and of this figure, 95% were “over-the-counter” drugs. Acetaminophen, the safest of all over-the-counter drugs, has been reported to induce fetal liver necrosis in man and animals and to have abortifacient and embryocidal action in mice. This study examines the degree to which acetaminophen affects the neonatal liver and kidney, when a fatty diet is simultaneously fed to the mother during late pregnancy.Timed Swiss Webster female mice were gavaged during late pregnancy (days 16-19) with fat suspended acetaminophen at a high dose, HD = 84.50 mg/kg, and a low dose, LD = 42.25 mg/kg; a control group received fat alone.

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On visions and promises — ethical aspects of in vitro meat

Emerging Topics in Life Sciences ◽

10.1042/etls20190108 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 753-758

Author(s):

Silvia Woll

Keyword(s):

Animal Welfare ◽

Environmental Issues ◽

Meat Production ◽

Ethical Aspects ◽

Existing Problems ◽

In Vitro Meat ◽

Production And Consumption ◽

Production Conditions

Innovators of in vitro meat (IVM) are convinced that this approach is the solution for problems related to current meat production and consumption, especially regarding animal welfare and environmental issues. However, the production conditions have yet to be fully clarified and there is still a lack of ethical discourses and critical debates on IVM. In consequence, discussion about the ethical justifiability and desirability of IVM remains hypothetical and we have to question those promises. This paper addresses the complex ethical aspects associated with IVM and the questions of whether, and under what conditions, the production of IVM represents an ethically justifiable solution for existing problems, especially in view of animal welfare, the environment, and society. There are particular hopes regarding the benefits that IVM could bring to animal welfare and the environment, but there are also strong doubts about their ethical benefits.

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