scholarly journals Facile Fabrication of Biochar from Palm Kernel Shell Waste and Its Novel Application to Magnesium-Based Materials for Hydrogen Storage

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Luther Yeboah ◽  
Xinyuan Li ◽  
Shixue Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Storage ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Facile Fabrication

In this investigation, an easily-operated and cost-effective method is utilized to synthesize biochar in ambient air, and the prepared biochar is used in a novel manner as a milling aid for fabricating Mg-biochar composites for hydrogen storage. X-ray diffractometry reveals that increasing the content of palm kernel shell biochar (PKSBC) from 5 wt.% to 20 wt.% enhances the hydrogen absorption performance by increasing the conversion of Mg into MgH2 from 83% to 93%. A 40 °C reduction in decomposition temperature of MgH2 is recorded from differential scanning calorimetry curves when the content of PKSBC is increased to 20 wt.%. Magnesium is milled and hydrided under the same experimental conditions and used as a reference material. It is proposed that these property enhancements can be attributed to the fact that PKSBC acts as an anti-sticking agent for elemental Mg powders, helping in the achievement of a more dispersed composite with reduced Mg particle size due to its layered-like carbon structure.

Comparative Study on TiH2 and CaCO3 for Fabrication of Mg Alloy Foams

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 273-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chang Hwan Seo ◽  
M. J. Jeong ◽  
In Young Jung ◽  
Bo Young Hur
Keyword(s):  
Metal Foam ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Decomposition Temperature ◽  
Mg Alloy ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Alloying Element ◽  
Blowing Agent ◽  
Economic View ◽  
Cost Effective Method

Aluminum alloy foams, new materials belonging to a special class of porous materials, have been prepared using melt foaming method. Silicon was chosen alloying element due to its low density, high strength, effective casting and reduced shrinkage. Melt foaming method is cost-effective method to fabricate metal foam. Usually, TiH2 is applied to blowing agent, but its cost is high. CaCO3 is one of candidates to substitute TiH2 in the economic view-point. For the comparison of formability, Mg alloy foams were prepared by TiH2 and CaCO3. However, the decomposition temperature of CaCO3 is higher than that of TiH2. This paper will be discussed on the possible usage of CaCO3 in the Al melt.

scholarly journals Gas Emission of Palm Oil Waste Bricks During Firing Process at Different Heating Rates

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.30) ◽  
pp. 393
Author(s):  
Noor Amira Sarani ◽  
Aeslina Abdul Kadir ◽  
Hamidah Syd Othman
Keyword(s):  
Palm Oil ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Pollutant Emission ◽  
Firing Process ◽  
Heating Rates ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

The demand for brick materials is expected to increase rapidly. However, pollutant emission during the firing process becomes a threat to the human and environment. Therefore, this study is focusing on the release of pollutant gasses during firing manufactured bricks. The bricks were incorporated with 5% of palm oil waste (palm kernel shell and empty fruit bunches) and fired at different heating rates: 1°C/min, 3°C/min and 5°C/min. All samples were fired until it reached 1050°C and retained for 2 hours soaking time. The gas emission measured during firing process includes carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxide (NO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2). The results of estimated total emission (ETE) of gasses were compared to control bricks and palm oil waste brick. The result obtained has shown that increased heating rates cause decreased in gas emission, especially for CO2 and CO. Therefore, this study determined that pollutant gasses are least minimal at high heating rates (5°C/min). As a conclusion, several pollutant gasses did not comply with the federal Clean Air Act’s National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) set by Environmental Protection Agency.

scholarly journals The Removal of Crystal Violet from Textile Wastewater Using Palm Kernel Shell-Derived Biochar

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phyo Phyo Kyi ◽  
Jude Ofei Quansah ◽  
Chang-Gu Lee ◽  
Joon-Kwan Moon ◽  
Seong-Jik Park
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Capacity ◽  
Crystal Violet ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Textile Wastewater ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell ◽  
Equilibrium Data ◽  
Langmuir Isotherm Model ◽  
Pseudo Second Order ◽  
Adsorption Equilibrium Data

In this study, we explored the adsorption potential of biochar derived from palm kernel shell (BC-PKS) as an affordable adsorbent for the removal of crystal violet from wastewater. Kinetics, equilibrium, and thermodynamics studies were carried out to evaluate the adsorption of crystal violet onto BC-PKS. The kinetics adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order model, indicating that the rate of adsorption is principally controlled by chemisorption. The adsorption equilibrium data were better fitted by the Langmuir isotherm model with a determination coefficient of 0.954 and a maximum adsorption of 24.45 mg/g. Thermodynamics studies found the adsorption of crystal violet by BC-PKS to be endothermic with increasing randomness at the BC-PKS/crystal violet interface. The percentage removal and adsorption capacity increased with the pH of the solution, as the negative charges on the biochar surface at high pH enhance the electrostatic attraction between crystal violet molecules and BC-PKS. Increasing the BC-PKS dosage from 0.1 to 1.0 g increased percent removal and decreased the adsorption capacity of crystal violet onto BC-PKS. Therefore, biochar from agricultural by-products, i.e., palm kernel shell, can be cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of crystal violet from textile wastewater.

Inhibitor Selection for Internal Corrosion Control of Pipelines

1998 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Papavinasam ◽  
R. W. Revie
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Future Application ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Performance Simulation ◽  
Internal Corrosion ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Selection For ◽  
User Friendly

Addition of inhibitors can provide a cost-effective method for controlling internal corrosion of pipelines. To select appropriate inhibitors and their concentrations, several laboratory experiments are usually performed. Test methodologies to evaluate inhibitors for a particular field should be carried out to simulate the conditions in the pipeline. Because several interacting parameters influence corrosion, and hence inhibitor performance, simulation of field operating conditions in the laboratory is often difficult. In this paper, user-friendly software to optimize the laboratory experimental conditions to simulate field operating conditions is discussed. The merits of the program in selecting commercial inhibitors and in designing cost-effective inhibitors for future application are described.

scholarly journals Tungsten Oxide Nanoplates: Facile Synthesis, Controllable Oxygen Deficiency and Photocatalytic Activity

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 319
Author(s):  
Van Thai Nguyen ◽  
Hong Son Nguyen ◽  
Van Thang Pham ◽  
T. Tuyet Mai Nguyen ◽  
T. Lan Anh Luu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photocatalytic Activity ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Tungsten Oxide ◽  
Annealing Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Optical Bandgap ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Sharp Edges

Monoclinic tungsten oxide (WO3) nanoplates were synthesized via a two-step simple process: acid precipitation at room temperature to prepare WO3.H2O nanoplates and annealing at high temperature (400 and 500 oC) in ambient air to obtain WO3 nanoplates. The effect of annealing temperature on physical properties (morphology, oxygen deficiency, crystallinity, optical properties, and photocatalytic activity) of WO3 nanoplates was studied. At both two studied annealing temperatures, all samples have the stable monoclinic structure and visible light-range optical bandgap, but the morphology and photocatalytic activity of the samples vary significantly with annealing temperature. At higher annealing temperature (500 oC), the sample has both nanoplate and nanograin morphologies with round edges, higher crystallinity, larger optical bandgap (2.71 eV), and lower photocatalytic activity. The sample annealed at 400 oC has nanoplate morphology with sharp edges, lower optical bandgap (2.63 eV), and higher photocatalytic which shows a high potential for photocatalytic application under visible light irradiation. The effect of the annealing temperature on the properties of  WO3 nanoplates is assigned to the dehydration, the coalescence, and/or the melting processes at high temperatures. Dehydration causes the formation of oxygen vacancy – oxygen deficiency. The coalescence and/or the melting result in the changing of morphology and the decrease of the oxygen vacancies. These results imply a simple, cost-effective method to prepare highly oxygen-deficient WO3 nanoplates.

scholarly journals A Thermal Analysis-Based Approach to Identify Different Waste Macroplastics in Beach Litter: The Case Study of Aquatina di Frigole NATURA 2000 Site (IT9150003, Italy)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3186
Author(s):  
Mariaenrica Frigione ◽  
Gabriele Marini ◽  
Maurizio Pinna
Keyword(s):  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Natura 2000 ◽  
Sandy Beaches ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Beach Recreation ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Beach Litter ◽  
Natura 2000 Site

The dispersion of commercial plastics in the marine environments is a major threat to biodiversity and ecosystem services of the last decades. The lower density of the plastics with respect to marine water density determines their floating, transferring, and accumulation in sandy beaches. Sandy beaches represent a natural sink ecosystem for marine plastics, where the latter are fragmented and photo-degraded in relation to the kind of polymer. Here, we propose an accurate and cost-effective method, the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), to identify different polymers from plastic samples collected on the Aquatina di Frigole beach (Apulia Region, Southeast of Italy), included in the NATURA 2000 Site coded as IT9150003. Our results reveal the exclusive presence of thermoplastic polymers in the beach plastic samples, mostly belonging to the polyolefin family. They appear to be remnants of larger plastic fragments, which could impact biodiversity and ecosystem services such as beach recreation activities and tourism.

scholarly journals Multiplexed single-cell RNA-seq via transient barcoding for simultaneous expression profiling of various drug perturbations

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. eaav2249 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dongju Shin ◽  
Wookjae Lee ◽  
Ji Hyun Lee ◽  
Duhee Bang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Specific Gene ◽  
Rna Seq ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Cost Effective Method ◽  
Treatment Experiment ◽  
Single Cell Profiling ◽  
Multiple Samples

The development of high-throughput single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) has enabled access to information about gene expression in individual cells and insights into new biological areas. Although the interest in scRNA-seq has rapidly grown in recent years, the existing methods are plagued by many challenges when performing scRNA-seq on multiple samples. To simultaneously analyze multiple samples with scRNA-seq, we developed a universal sample barcoding method through transient transfection with short barcode oligonucleotides. By conducting a species-mixing experiment, we have validated the accuracy of our method and confirmed the ability to identify multiplets and negatives. Samples from a 48-plex drug treatment experiment were pooled and analyzed by a single run of Drop-Seq. This revealed unique transcriptome responses for each drug and target-specific gene expression signatures at the single-cell level. Our cost-effective method is widely applicable for the single-cell profiling of multiple experimental conditions, enabling the widespread adoption of scRNA-seq for various applications.

scholarly journals Passive Nitrogen Oxides Removal from a Diesel-engine Exhaust Gas using a Biomass-Carbon Catalyst

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 479-488
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Yakub
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Palm Kernel ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Exhaust Gas ◽  
Nox Removal ◽  
Engine Exhaust ◽  
Diesel Engine Exhaust ◽  
Palm Kernel Shell

Nitrogen oxides (NOx) removal from a diesel-engine exhaust gas is limited to the utilization of ammonia/urea as a reducing agent (SCR) which arose environmental concerns over the use of this chemical. Therefore, this study explored the potential of a sustainable NOx removal system by replacing ammonia with intrinsic reductants present in the exhaust gas such as hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide, and by application of cost-effective carbon-supported transitional metals catalyst. Copper-cerium catalyst supported over palm kernel shell activated carbon (Cu-Ce/PKS) was synthesized via deposition-precipitation method. The characterization shows that the catalyst has a considerably high surface area (though lower than the support). The high NOx removal by Cu-Ce/PKS in a passive catalytic reaction is attributed to the surface area provided by the carbon support, the low copper reducibility giving the low optimum operating temperature, and the synergistic effect between Cu and Ce resulting in the wide temperature window at low-temperature range. It is concluded that Cu-Ce supported over palm kernel shell activated carbon can be further developed to reduce NOx in a passive catalytic removal for a sustainable and cost-effective SCR system.  

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