scholarly journals Evaluation of a Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V Alloy for Absorbable Biocompatible Materials

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Li ◽  
Christine Schille ◽  
Ernst Schweizer ◽  
Evi Kimmerle-Müller ◽  
Frank Rupp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Microstructural Characterization ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Grain Refining ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Zn Alloy

Zinc (Zn) and Zn-based alloys have been proposed as a new generation of absorbable metals mainly owing to the moderate degradation behavior of zinc between magnesium and iron. Nonetheless, mechanical strength of pure Zn is relatively poor, making it insufficient for the majority of clinical applications. In this study, a novel Zn–2Ag–1.8Au–0.2V (wt.%) alloy (Zn–Ag–Au–V) was fabricated and investigated for use as a potential absorbable biocompatible material. Microstructural characterization indicated an effective grain-refining effect on the Zn alloy after a thermomechanical treatment. Compared to pure Zn, the Zn–Ag–Au–V alloy showed significantly enhanced mechanical properties, with a yield strength of 168 MPa, an ultimate tensile strength of 233 MPa, and an elongation of 17%. Immersion test indicated that the degradation rate of the Zn–Ag–Au–V alloy in Dulbecco’s phosphate buffered saline was approximately 7.34 ± 0.64 μm/year, thus being slightly lower than that of pure Zn. Biocompatibility tests with L929 and Saos-2 cells showed a moderate cytotoxicity, alloy extracts at 16.7%, and 10% concentration did not affect metabolic activity and cell proliferation. Plaque formation in vitro was reduced, the Zn–Ag–Au–V surface inhibited adhesion and biofilm formation by the early oral colonizer Streptococcus gordonii, indicating antibacterial properties of the alloy.

scholarly journals An In Vitro Coumarin-Antibiotic Combination Treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilms

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2098774
Author(s):  
Jinpeng Zou ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Ruiwei Guo ◽  
Yu Tang ◽  
Zhengrong Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Combination Treatment ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Biofilm Growth ◽  
Antibiotic Combination

The drug resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a worldwide problem due to its great threat to human health. A crude extract of Angelica dahurica has been proved to have antibacterial properties, which suggested that it may be able to inhibit the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; initial exploration had shown that the crude extract could inhibit the growth of P. aeruginosa effectively. After the adaptive dose of coumarin was confirmed to be a potential treatment for the bacteria’s drug resistance, “coumarin-antibiotic combination treatments” (3 coumarins—simple coumarin, imperatorin, and isoimperatorin—combined with 2 antibiotics—ampicillin and ceftazidime) were examined to determine their capability to inhibit P. aeruginosa. The final results showed that (1) coumarin with either ampicillin or ceftazidime significantly inhibited the biofilm formation of P. aeruginosa; (2) coumarin could directly destroy mature biofilms; and (3) the combination treatment can synergistically enhance the inhibition of biofilm formation, which could significantly reduce the usage of antibiotics and bacterial resistance. To sum up, a coumarin-antibiotic combination treatment may be a potential way to inhibit the biofilm growth of P. aeruginosa and provides a reference for antibiotic resistance treatment.

scholarly journals Stress Corrosion Analysis and Direct Cell Viability of Biodegradable Zn-Fe-Ca Alloy in In-Vitro Conditions

Metals ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Orit Avior ◽  
Noa Ben Ghedalia-Peled ◽  
Tomer Ron ◽  
Jeremy Goldman ◽  
Razi Vago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Stress Corrosion ◽  
Alloy Surface ◽  
Biodegradable Implants ◽  
Biodegradable Implant ◽  
Cyclic Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Direct Cell ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline ◽  
Zn Alloy

Due to the excellent biocompatibility of Zn and Zn-based alloys, researchers have shown great interest in developing biodegradable implants based on zinc. Furthermore, zinc is an essential component of many enzymes and proteins. The human body requires ~15 mg of Zn per day, and there is minimal concern for systemic toxicity from a small zinc-based cardiovascular implant, such as an arterial stent. However, biodegradable Zn-based implants have been shown to provoke local fibrous encapsulation reactions that may isolate the implant from its surrounding environment and interfere with implant function. The development of biodegradable implants made from Zn-Fe-Ca alloy was designed to overcome the problem of fibrous encapsulation. In a previous study made by the authors, the Zn-Fe-Ca system demonstrated a suitable corrosion rate that was higher than that of pure Zn and Zn-Fe alloy. The Zn-Fe-Ca system also showed adequate mechanical properties and a unique microstructure that contained a secondary Ca-reach phase. This has raised the promise that the tested alloy could serve as a biodegradable implant metal. The present study was conducted to further evaluate this promising Zn alloy. Here, we assessed the material’s corrosion performance in terms of cyclic potentiodynamic polarization analysis and stress corrosion behavior in terms of slow strain rate testing (SSRT). We also assessed the ability of cells to survive on the alloy surface by direct cell culture test. The results indicate that the alloy develops pitting corrosion, but not stress corrosion under phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) and air environment. The direct cell viability test demonstrates the successful adherence and growth of cells on the alloy surface.

scholarly journals Early Biofilm Formation on UV Light Activated Nanoporous TiO2SurfacesIn Vivo

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagat Areid ◽  
Eva Söderling ◽  
Johanna Tanner ◽  
Ilkka Kangasniemi ◽  
Timo O. Närhi
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Alloy ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Uv Light ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Mutans Streptococci ◽  
Human Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Gingival Fibroblast ◽  
Biofilm Development

Purpose. To explore earlyS. mutansbiofilm formation on hydrothermally induced nanoporous TiO2surfacesin vivoand to examine the effect of UV light activation on the biofilm development.Materials and Methods. Ti-6Al-4V titanium alloy discs (n = 40) were divided into four groups with different surface treatments: noncoated titanium alloy (NC); UV treated noncoated titanium alloy (UVNC); hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (HT); and UV treated titanium alloy with hydrothermally induced TiO2coating (UVHT).In vivoplaque formation was studied in 10 healthy, nonsmoking adult volunteers. Titanium discs were randomly distributed among the maxillary first and second molars. UV treatment was administered for 60 min immediately before attaching the discs in subjects’ molars. Plaque samples were collected 24h after the attachment of the specimens. Mutans streptococci (MS), non-mutans streptococci, and total facultative bacteria were cultured, and colonies were counted.Results. The plaque samples of NC (NC + UVNC) surfaces showed over 2 times more oftenS. mutanswhen compared to TiO2surfaces (HT + UVHT), with the number of colonized surfaces equal to 7 and 3, respectively.Conclusion. Thisin vivostudy suggested that HT TiO2surfaces, which we earlier showed to improve blood coagulation and encourage human gingival fibroblast attachmentin vitro, do not enhance salivary microbial (mostly mutans streptococci) adhesion and initial biofilm formation when compared with noncoated titanium alloy. UV light treatment provided Ti-6Al-4V surfaces with antibacterial properties and showed a trend towards less biofilm formation when compared with non-UV treated titanium surfaces.

Biofilm Formation on Voice Prostheses: In vitro Influence of Probiotics

2001 ◽  
Vol 110 (10) ◽  
pp. 946-951 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rolien H. Free ◽  
G. Jolanda Elving ◽  
Ranny van Weissenbruch ◽  
Henk J. Busscher ◽  
Henny C. vander Mei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Voice Prostheses ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

In order to determine the influence of probiotic bacteria on biofilm formation on Groningen and Provox 2 voice prostheses in an artificial throat, we grew biofilms on both types of voice prostheses and exposed them 3 times daily to a probiotic bacterial suspension. As a control, we perfused an artificial throat with phosphate-buffered saline solution. Perfusion with Lactococcus lactis 53 suspension reduced the percentage numbers of bacteria and yeasts, respectively, on the Groningen prostheses to 17% and 22% and on the Provox 2 prostheses to 19% and 45%, compared to the number of colony-forming units on the control prosthesis, which was set at 100%. A suspension of Streptococcus thermophilus b reduced the percentage numbers of bacteria and yeasts, respectively, on the Groningen prostheses to 53% and 33% and on the Provox 2 prostheses to 14% and 0%, as compared to the control prosthesis. All other probiotic strains tested caused some reduction in the percentages of bacteria or yeasts, but strong differences between the types of prostheses were observed. In conclusion, L lactis 53 and S thermophilus b strongly reduce the occurrence of yeasts and bacteria in voice prosthetic biofilms.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas Gingivalis Biofilm Formation on an Implant Surface Treated With Nanoselenium

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Assadawy ◽  
Eman Helmy
Keyword(s):  
Dental Implant ◽  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Dental Implant Surface ◽  
Implant Coatings

Abstract Background: Biofilm formation on implants is the primary factor for implant loss. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a highly virulent pathogen that contributes to the development of periodontal disease and implant failure.Objectives: The goals of this study are to investigate the formation of P. gingivalis biofilms on nanoselenium-coated implants in vitro and the potential use of nanoselenium for peri-implantitis treatment.Materials and methods: Porphyromonas gingivalis ATCC 33277 was cultured to obtain an in vitro mature biofilm on the surface of the Hexacone implant system. The fixture was added into an Eppendorf tube and placed in a sterile air laminar flow cabinet. An automatic machine learning utility was used to calculate the biofilm size on the implant surface from SEM images, and the Trainable Weka Segmentation plugin in Fiji software was employed.Results The SeNPs affected the P. gingivalis biofilm (the effect size was 80.17%), and the difference was highly significant (p 0.000).Conclusion: The use of SeNPs as dental implant coatings presented promising anti-P. gingivalis biofilm activity.Clinical relevance:: The development of a dental implant surface treatment with efficient antibacterial properties, especially against the most virulent pathogens, has not yet been established.Principal findings: Nanoselenium particles as an implant surface coating prevented Porphyromonas gingivalis biofilm formation to a striking extent.Practical implication: Nanoparticles could provide a novel state-of-the-art therapeutic approach for Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis biofilm on dental implants)

scholarly journals Graphene Oxide Encapsulated Forsterite Scaffolds: Synergistic Influences on Mechanical Properties and Antibacterial Behavior 

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Najafinezhad ◽  
H. R. Bakhsheshi-Rad ◽  
A. Saberi ◽  
A. A. Nourbakhsh ◽  
M. Daroonparvar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Antibacterial Performance ◽  
The Matrix

Abstract It is very desirable to have good antibacterial properties and mechanical properties at the same time for bone scaffolds. Graphene oxide (GO) can increase the mechanical properties and antibacterial performance, while forsterite (Mg2SiO4) as the matrix can increase forsterite/GO scaffolds' biological activity for bone tissue engineering. Interconnected porous forsterite scaffolds were developed by space holder processes for bone tissue engineering in this research. The forsterite/GO scaffolds had a porosity of 77-80%. The mechanism of the mechanical strengthening, antibacterial activity, and cellular function of the forsterite/GO scaffold was evaluated. The findings show that the compressive strength of forsterite/1wt.% GO scaffold was significantly increased, in comparison to forsterite scaffolds without GO. Validation of the samples' bioactivity was attained by forming a hydroxyapatite layer (HAp) on the forsterite/GO surface within in vitro immersion test. The results of cell viability demonstrated that synthesized forsterite scaffolds with low GO did not show cytotoxicity and enhanced cell proliferation. Antibacterial tests showed that the antibacterial influence of forsterite/GO scaffold was strongly correlated with GO concentration. The scaffold encapsulated with 2wt.% GO had the highest bacterial inhibition. As results show, the produced forsterite/1wt.% GO can be an attractive option for bone tissue engineering.

Effects of a new chlorhexidine varnish on Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation in vitro

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 573-579
Author(s):  
Ali Hayati ◽  
Farhud Najafi ◽  
Fahimeh Sadat Tabatabaei
Keyword(s):  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Oral Environment ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

Abstract Background Local sustained-release drug delivery systems increase the substantivity of drugs in the oral environment and subsequently enhance their therapeutic effects. This study sought to compare the effects of two commercially available varnishes and one experimental chlorhexidine (CHX) varnish on formation of Streptococcus mutans biofilm. The solubility rates of the varnishes were evaluated as well. Methods Standard acrylic discs were fabricated and divided into groups based on the varnish applied to the disc surfaces, namely, V-varnish, Pascal, and experimental CHX varnish. The effects of the varnishes on S. mutans biofilm were assessed after 48 h. Bacterial growth on the discs was evaluated by colony count and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Solubility was assessed by immersing the samples in phosphate buffered saline and recording their weight changes at different times. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA. Results In the Pascal and experimental varnish groups, the total number of bacteria did not differ from that in the negative control group. The SEM findings confirmed the aforementioned results. Solubility varied significantly among the materials. V-varnish was detached from the surfaces after 2 days. No significant weight change was noted in the experimental varnish group at 14 days, while Pascal varnish showed gradual weight loss from the 5th day to the 10th day and had a plateau thereafter. Conclusions Biofilm formation was inhibited by the Pascal and experimental varnishes but not by the V-varnish. The highest acceptable rate of solubility was observed in the Pascal samples.

scholarly journals Antibacterial Properties of Small-Size Peptide Derived from Penetratin against Oral Streptococci

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (11) ◽  
pp. 2730
Author(s):  
Meng Li ◽  
Yanyan Yang ◽  
Chen Lin ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Lei Gong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Antibiofilm Activity ◽  
Oral Streptococci ◽  
Low Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Progression ◽  
Lower Expression ◽  
Infective Agent

Periodontitis, an infectious disease originating from dental biofilms that causes the irreversible loss of alveolar bone, is accompanied by gradual biofilm formation and the continuous progression of inflammation. A small peptide derived from penetratin, Arg-Gln-Ile-Arg-Arg-Trp-Trp-Gln-Arg-NH2 (RR9), appears to have antibacterial properties against selected strains associated with periodontitis. The purpose of this research is to assess the antibacterial activity and mechanism of RR9 against the initial oral colonizers Streptococci oralis, Streptococci gordonii, and Streptococci sanguinis and to investigate the cytotoxicity of RR9 on human gingival fibroblasts in vitro. The effects of RR9 on the initial oral settlers of planktonic and biofilm states were evaluated by measuring the MIC, MBC, bactericidal kinetics, and antibiofilm activity. Visual evidence and antibacterial mechanisms were identified, and the anti-inflammatory activity and cytotoxicity were measured. The results demonstrated that RR9 can inhibit the growth of streptococci in the planktonic state and during biofilm formation in vitro while keeping a low toxicity against eukaryotic cells. The antibacterial mechanism was proven to be related to the lower expression of sspA in streptococci. RR9 may be used as a potential antimicrobial and anti-infective agent for periodontal disease.

scholarly journals Wireless Magnetoelasticity-Based Sensor for Monitoring the Degradation Behavior of Polylactic Acid Artificial Bone In Vitro

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kun Yu ◽  
Limin Ren ◽  
Yisong Tan ◽  
Junyao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Output Power ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Sensor Technology ◽  
Degradation Behavior ◽  
Artificial Bone ◽  
Medium Ph ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

A magnetoelasticity-based (MB) sensor was employed for monitoring the degradation behavior of polylactic acid (PLA) artificial bone (PAB) in vitro, which can be used as an implant to repair bone defects. Biodegradable PLA material was coated on both sides of the MB sensor strip with a 3D printer, forming PAB. The PAB samples were submerged in an alkaline medium (pH = 12) and a neutral phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) medium (pH = 7.4). The degradation behavior of the PAB was monitored wirelessly based on changes in the output power of the MB sensor. The results indicated that the output power varied by almost 0.2 and 0.11 dbm over 15 days in the two media. The degradation behavior monitored by the MB sensor agreed with the theoretical analysis. The MB sensor provides a wireless method for monitoring the degradation behavior of PAB in vitro and requires few samples at a lower cost. Importantly, the results showed that biological tissues had almost no effect on the monitoring function of the MB sensor. Therefore, the MB sensor technology is highly attractive for fully characterizing the degradation behavior of bone implants in a larger range of physiological conditions, and will be applied to monitor the degradation behavior in vivo.

scholarly journals CHEWING GUM CONTAINING PROPOLIS WAX FROM APIS MELLIFERA BEES FOR PREVENTION OF DENTAL CARIES DISEASE

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-145
Author(s):  
SRI ANGKY SOEKANTO ◽  
ASTRID LEVINA ◽  
EKA NURIN SHARFINA IRIANTO ◽  
ACHMAD HUDA FAUZI ADZIMA ◽  
HERI HERMANSYAH ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Salivary Flow ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Chewing Gum ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Negative Controls

Objective: Dental caries is caused by demineralization of the tooth surface by organic acids as a result of metabolism of cariogenic bacteria, especiallyStreptococcus mutans. Chewing gum has been proven to help prevent dental caries formation by stimulating salivary flow and thus reducing theavailability of nutrients for cariogenic bacteria.Methods: In this study, sugar-free chewing gum was formulated using latex from the jelutong tree (Dyera costuata) with the addition of propolis wax(1–5%) as an antibacterial agent to inhibit the activity of S. mutans and prevent biofilm formation, which is an early disease stage of dental caries.Characterization of jelutong latex using differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis shows that the latex has glass transitiontemperatures of −22.46°C and 33.86°C, and it contains volatile (14.96%), polymer (84.43%), organic (0.36%), and inorganic (0.25%) components.The propolis wax used in this formulation mostly contains resin and wax and is a purification by-product of raw propolis obtained from Apis mellifera.Results: Flavonoids acting as antibacterial compounds are found in propolis, and presumably are also found in propolis wax; thus, probably thiscompound also has the antibacterial properties of propolis. The in vitro testing showed that 5% propolis wax in sugar-free chewing gum can preventthe formation of dental caries by inhibiting biofilm formation with up to 80% more effectiveness relative to negative controls (without chewing gum).Conclusion: Propolis wax chewing gum can inhibit the formation of dental caries disease.

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