scholarly journals Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene and Polypropylene Blend with Enhanced Thermal and Mechanical Properties for Fused Filament Fabrication

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (24) ◽  
pp. 4167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Harris ◽  
Johan Potgieter ◽  
Sudip Ray ◽  
Richard Archer ◽  
Khalid Mahmood Arif
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Mechanical Stability ◽  
Hydrogen Abstraction ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Chemical Grafting ◽  
Significant Chemical ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) is the oldest fused filament fabrication (FFF) material that shows low stability to thermal aging due to hydrogen abstraction of the butadiene monomer. A novel blend of ABS, polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene graft maleic anhydride (PE-g-MAH) is presented for FFF. ANOVA was used to analyze the effects of three variables (bed temperature, printing temperature, and aging interval) on tensile properties of the specimens made on a custom-built pellet printer. The compression and flexure properties were also investigated for the highest thermal combinations. The blend showed high thermal stability with enhanced strength despite three days of aging, as well as high bed and printing temperatures. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) provided significant chemical interactions. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) confirmed the thermal stability with enhanced enthalpy of glass transition and melting. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) also revealed high temperatures for onset and 50% mass degradation. Signs of chemical grafting and physical interlocking in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) also explained the thermo-mechanical stability of the blend.

scholarly journals Thermal Deformations of Thermoplast during 3D Printing: Warping in the Case of ABS

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7070
Author(s):  
Jakub Ramian ◽  
Jan Ramian ◽  
Daniel Dziob
Keyword(s):  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Three Dimensional Printing ◽  
Thermal Deformations ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
Bed Temperature ◽  
Nozzle Temperature ◽  
Dimensional Printing ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

This research focuses on thermal deformations of thermoplast during three-dimensional printing. A filament acrylonitrile butadiene styrene was used, and the main focus was put on warping. Twenty-seven cuboids divided in six categories by their length, height, surface area, color, nozzle temperature and bed temperature were printed by Fused Filament Fabrication 3D printer. The whole process was captured by a thermal camera and the movies were used to analyze the temperature distribution during printing. All printouts were measured and scanned with a 3D scanner in order to highlight any abbreviations from the original digital models. The obtained results were used to formulate some general conclusions on the influence of selected parameters on the warping process. Based on the outcomes of the study, a set of guidelines on how to minimalize warping was proposed.

scholarly journals Essential work of fracture assessment of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) processed via fused filament fabrication additive manufacturing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pawan Verma ◽  
Jabir Ubaid ◽  
Andreas Schiffer ◽  
Atul Jain ◽  
Emilio Martínez-Pañeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Essential Work ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Essential Work Of Fracture ◽  
Fracture Properties ◽  
Raster Angle ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Work Of Fracture ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

AbstractExperiments and finite element (FE) calculations were performed to study the raster angle–dependent fracture behaviour of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) thermoplastic processed via fused filament fabrication (FFF) additive manufacturing (AM). The fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS were characterized based on the concept of essential work of fracture (EWF), utilizing double-edge-notched tension (DENT) specimens considering rectilinear infill patterns with different raster angles (0°, 90° and + 45/− 45°). The measurements showed that the resistance to fracture initiation of 3D-printed ABS specimens is substantially higher for the printing direction perpendicular to the crack plane (0° raster angle) as compared to that of the samples wherein the printing direction is parallel to the crack (90° raster angle), reporting EWF values of 7.24 kJ m−2 and 3.61 kJ m−2, respectively. A relatively high EWF value was also reported for the specimens with + 45/− 45° raster angle (7.40 kJ m−2). Strain field analysis performed via digital image correlation showed that connected plastic zones existed in the ligaments of the DENT specimens prior to the onset of fracture, and this was corroborated by SEM fractography which showed that fracture proceeded by a ductile mechanism involving void growth and coalescence followed by drawing and ductile tearing of fibrils. It was further shown that the raster angle–dependent strength and fracture properties of 3D-printed ABS can be predicted with an acceptable accuracy by a relatively simple FE model considering the anisotropic elasticity and failure properties of FFF specimens. The findings of this study offer guidelines for fracture-resistant design of AM-enabled thermoplastics. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Fatigue Performance of ABS Specimens Obtained by Fused Filament Fabrication

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 2521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Domingo-Espin ◽  
J. Antonio Travieso-Rodriguez ◽  
Ramon Jerez-Mesa ◽  
Jordi Lluma-Fuentes
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Phase ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Layer Height ◽  
Bending Stresses ◽  
Best Parameter ◽  
End Use ◽  
Design And Manufacture ◽  
Printing Speed ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In this paper, the fatigue response of fused filament fabrication (FFF) Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) parts is studied. Different building parameters (layer height, nozzle diameter, infill density, and printing speed) were chosen to study their influence on the lifespan of cylindrical specimens according to a design of experiments (DOE) using the Taguchi methodology. The same DOE was applied on two different specimen sets using two different infill patterns—rectilinear and honeycomb. The results show that the infill density is the most important parameter for both of the studied patterns. The specimens manufactured with the honeycomb pattern show longer lifespans. The best parameter set associated to that infill was chosen for a second experimental phase, in which the specimens were tested under different maximum bending stresses so as to construct the Wöhler curve associated with this 3D printing configuration. The results of this study are useful to design and manufacture ABS end-use parts that are expected to work under oscillating periodic loads.

A high-temperature dielectric polymer poly(acrylonitrile butadiene styrene) with enhanced energy density and efficiency due to a cyano group

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (30) ◽  
pp. 15122-15129
Author(s):  
Fei Wen ◽  
Lin Zhang ◽  
Ping Wang ◽  
Lili Li ◽  
Jianguo Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Energy Density ◽  
Elevated Temperatures ◽  
Cyano Group ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
Excellent Thermal Stability ◽  
Poly Acrylonitrile ◽  
Dielectric Polymer ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

An ABS film, which exhibits a high gravimetric energy density of 6.3 J g−1 with satisfactory efficiency, excellent thermal stability, and cycling reliability at elevated temperatures, is a promising candidate for high power energy storage capacitors.

Predicting strength of additively manufactured thermoplastic polymer parts produced using material extrusion

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph Bartolai ◽  
Timothy W. Simpson ◽  
Renxuan Xie
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Imaging ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Temperature History ◽  
Interface Temperature ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Material Extrusion ◽  
Rheological Data ◽  
History Of ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Purpose The weakest point in additively manufactured polymer parts produced by material extrusion additive manufacturing (MEAM) is the interface between adjacent layers and deposition toolpaths or “roads”. This study aims to predict the mechanical strength of parts by utilizing a novel analytical approach. Strength predictions are made using the temperature history of these interfaces, polymer rheological data, and polymer weld theory. Design/methodology/approach The approach is validated using experimental data for two common 3D-printed polymers: polycarbonate (PC) and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS). Interface temperature history data are collected in situ using infrared imaging. Rheological data of the polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene used to fabricate the fused filament fabrication parts in this study have been determined experimentally. Findings The strength of the interfaces has been predicted, to within 10% of experimental strength, using polymer weld theory from the literature adapted to the specific properties of the polycarbonate and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene feedstock used in this study. Originality/value This paper introduces a novel approach for predicting the strength of parts produced by MEAM based on the strength of interfaces using polymer weld theory, polymer rheology, temperature history of the interface and the forces applied to the interface. Unlike methods that require experimental strength data as a prediction input, the proposed approach is material and build orientation agnostic once fundamental parameters related to material composition have been determined.

scholarly journals Sustainable Additive Manufacturing: Mechanical Response of Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene over Multiple Recycling Processes

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 3568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nectarios Vidakis ◽  
Markos Petousis ◽  
Athena Maniadi ◽  
Emmanuel Koudoumas ◽  
Achilles Vairis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Mechanical Behavior ◽  
Mechanical Response ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Experimental Simulation ◽  
Recycling Rate ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

Sustainability in additive manufacturing refers mainly to the recycling rate of polymers and composites used in fused filament fabrication (FFF), which nowadays are rapidly increasing in volume and value. Recycling of such materials is mostly a thermomechanical process that modifies their overall mechanical behavior. The present research work focuses on the acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) polymer, which is the second most popular material used in FFF-3D printing. In order to investigate the effect of the recycling courses on the mechanical response of the ABS polymer, an experimental simulation of the recycling process that isolates the thermomechanical treatment from other parameters (i.e., contamination, ageing, etc.) has been performed. To quantify the effect of repeated recycling processes on the mechanic response of the ABS polymer, a wide variety of mechanical tests were conducted on FFF-printed specimens. Regarding this, standard tensile, compression, flexion, impact and micro-hardness tests were performed per recycle repetition. The findings prove that the mechanical response of the recycled ABS polymer is generally improved over the recycling repetitions for a certain number of repetitions. An optimum overall mechanical behavior is found between the third and the fifth repetition, indicating a significant positive impact of the ABS polymer recycling, besides the environmental one.

Effect of Fumed Silica and Zinc Borate on the Thermogravimetric Analysis Curves of ABS/Magnesium Hydroxide Composite

2014 ◽  
Vol 599-601 ◽  
pp. 183-186
Author(s):  
Zhang Ting Li ◽  
Yue Qun Lu ◽  
Li Li Fan ◽  
Pei Bang Dai ◽  
Xia Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Property ◽  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Flame Retardant ◽  
Fumed Silica ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Zinc Borate ◽  
Processing Temperature ◽  
Great Decrease ◽  
Thermal Stability Of ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

For achieving sufficient flame retardancy, high magnesim hydroxide (MH) content is needed in MH flame retardant Acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS) composites (ABS/MH), which will cause a great decrease in mechanical property and difficulty in preparing samples for measurement. We prepared ABS/MH filled high 60.0% flame retardant by compounding ABS and modified flame retardant MH, fumed silica (SiO2) and zinc borate (ZB) via TX-10 phosphate/polyacrylate latex and studied the effect of a small amount of SiO2 and ZB with MH in ABS for improving the thermal decomposition of ABS/MH. The thermal stability of the modified flame retardant could meet the processing temperature of ABS. The incorporation of ZB, SiO2 or SiO2/ZB could improve the thermal stability of ABS/MH.

Effect of acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer on the foaming behavior of polypropylene

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 47-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao-Tian Tan ◽  
Ying-Guo Zhou ◽  
Jing-Jing Zhou ◽  
Bin-Bin Dong ◽  
Chun-Tai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Suitable Candidate ◽  
Torque Rheometry ◽  
Cell Nucleation ◽  
Foaming Behavior ◽  
Thermal Features ◽  
Influence Of Crystallization ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

To improve the cellular foam structure of common polypropylene (PP), acrylonitrile–butadiene–styrene terpolymer (ABS) and compatibilizer were used to blend with PP, and the foaming behavior of PP/ABS blends was investigated. The solid and foamed samples of the PP/ABS blend with different component were first fabricated by melt extrusion followed by conventional injection molding with or without a blowing agent. The mechanical properties, thermal features, and rheological characterizations of these samples were studied using the tensile test, dynamic mechanical analyzer, differential scanning calorimetry, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and torque rheometry. The results suggest that ABS is a suitable candidate to improve the foamability of PP. The effect of ABS and compatibilizer on the foamability of PP can be attributed to three possible mechanisms, that is, the weak interaction between phases that facilitates cell nucleation, the improved gas-melt viscosity that prevents the escape of gas, and the influence of crystallization behavior that helps to form a fine foaming structure.

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