scholarly journals Effective Synthesis of Carbon Hybrid Materials Containing Oligothiophene Dyes

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (20) ◽  
pp. 3354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Kamedulski ◽  
Piotr A. Gauden ◽  
Jerzy P. Lukaszewicz ◽  
Anna Ilnicka
Keyword(s):  
Confocal Microscopy ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Elemental Content

This paper shows the first study of the synthesis of hybrid materials consisting of commercial Norit carbons and oligothiophenes. The study presents the influence of surface oxidation on dye deposition as well as changes of pore structure and surface chemistry. The hybrid materials were characterised using Raman spectroscopy, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM and HR-TEM, respectively). Confocal microscopy was employed to confirm the immobilization of oligomers on the surface of the carbons being investigated. Confocal microscopy measurements were additionally used to indicate whether dye molecules covered the entire surface of the selected commercial Norit samples. Specific surface area and pore structure parameters were determined by low-temperature nitrogen adsorption. Additionally, elemental content and surface chemistry were characterised by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and combustion elemental analysis. Experimental results confirmed that oligothiophene dyes were adsorbed onto the internal part of the investigated pores of the carbon materials. The pores were assumed to have a slit-like shape, a set of 82 local adsorption isotherms was modelled for pores from 0.465 nm to 224 nm. Further, XPS data showed promising qualitative results regarding the surface characteristics and chemical composition of the hybrid materials obtained (sulphur content ranged from 1.40 to 1.45 at%). It was shown that the surface chemistry of activated carbon plays a key role in the dye deposition process. High surface heterogeneity after hydrothermal oxidation did not improve dye adsorption due to specific interactions between surface oxygen moieties and local electric charges in the oligothiophene molecules.

scholarly journals Effect of Nitric Acid Modification on Characteristics and Adsorption Properties of Lignite

Processes ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Huang ◽  
Guowei Liu ◽  
Penghui Wang ◽  
Xiang Zhao ◽  
Hongxiang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Acid ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Metal Ion ◽  
Adsorption Properties ◽  
Acid Modification ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Adsorption Performance

The objective of this research was to explore the changes of the pore structure and surface properties of nitric-modified lignite and base the adsorption performance on physical and chemical adsorbent characteristics. To systematically evaluate pore structure and surface chemistry effects, several lignite samples were treated with different concentrations of nitric acid in order to get different pore structure and surface chemistry adsorbent levels. A common heavy metal ion contaminant in water, Pb2+, served as an adsorbate probe to demonstrate the change of modified lignite adsorption properties. The pore structure and surface properties of lignite samples before and after modification were characterized by static nitrogen adsorption, X-ray diffraction, Scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, zeta potential, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The experimental results showed that nitric acid modification can increase the ability of lignite to adsorb Pb2+. The adsorption amount of Pb2+ increased from 14.45 mg·g−1 to 30.68 mg·g−1. Nitric acid reacted with inorganic mineral impurities such as iron dolomite in lignite and organic components in coal, which caused an increase in pore size and a decrease in specific surface areas. A hydrophilic adsorbent surface more effectively removed Pb2+ from aqueous solution. Nitric acid treatment increased the content of polar oxygen-containing functional groups such as hydroxyl, carbonyl, and carboxyl groups on the surface of lignite. Treatment introduced nitro groups, which enhanced the negative electrical properties, the polarity of the lignite surface, and its metal ion adsorption performance, a result that can be explained by enhanced water adsorption on hydrophilic surfaces.

Sorption of actinides onto nanodiamonds

2015 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yulia Buchatskaya ◽  
Anna Romanchuk ◽  
Ruslan Yakovlev ◽  
Andrei Shiryaev ◽  
Inna Kulakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Sorption Capacity ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Sorption Properties ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Commercial Scale ◽  
Low Weight

AbstractDetonation nanodiamonds (ND) present a significant part of nanocarbons group, which could be produced on commercial scale by detonation of explosives in a closed chamber. Their unique properties of high surface area, low weight and radiation resistance make ND a prospective candidate for applications in sorption processes in radiochemistry. To study the influence of surface chemistry on sorption properties, apristine sample of ND was treated with acids and hydrogen. The surface chemistry of the samples was characterised by infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Boehm titration. The sorption properties of ND were tested fordifferent radionuclides. The sorption capacity of ND was shown to be higher than those of commonly used radionuclide sorbents like activated carbon and compariable to other members of nanocarbon group like graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes. The sorption properties were shown to be influenced by the presence of oxygen-containing groups on the surface of ND. This represents an opportunity to increase the sorption capacity of ND.

Flower Buds Like MgO Nanoparticles: From Characterisation to Indigo Carmine Elimination

2018 ◽  
Vol 73 (11) ◽  
pp. 975-983 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Modwi ◽  
L. Khezami ◽  
Kamal K. Taha ◽  
Hajo Idriss
Keyword(s):  
Surface Area ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Indigo Carmine ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Magnesium Carbonate ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pseudo Second Order

AbstractHere, we demonstrate a pyrolysis route for the synthesis of flower buds like magnesium oxide nanoparticles using a magnesium carbonate precursor without additional chemicals. The effect of heating at different time intervals upon the structure and morphology of the acquired nanostructures were investigated via X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier transformation infrared spectroscopy. Nitrogen adsorption was employed to study its porosity. The obtained data confirmed the formation of target nanoparticles that exhibited increasing sizes as pyrolysis time was lengthened. As a consequence a high surface area up to 27 m2 g−1 was recorded for the sample heated for 1 h duration. Furthermore, Indigo Carmine dye adsorption was carried out using the largest surface area species which showed an adsorption capacity of 158 mg g−1. The adsorption was found to comply with the Langmuir isotherm and it follows the pseudo-second-order kinetics. The diffusion process showed intra-particle along with film diffusion mode.

VAPOR-PHASE CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION OF HIGH POROSITY, NANOSTRUCTURED THIN FILMS

2007 ◽  
Vol 06 (02) ◽  
pp. 103-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHUFEN TSOI ◽  
ENRICO FOK ◽  
JONATHAN G. C. VEINOT ◽  
JEREMY C. SIT
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Vapor Phase ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
High Porosity ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Angle Measurements ◽  
Phase Surface

Trifluoropropyl-trichlorosilane reagents were used to tailor the surface chemistry of porous nano-structured thin films fabricated using glancing angle deposition (GLAD). GLAD produces high surface area films of isolated columnar structures and provides complete control over the film morphology. Here, the chemical tunability of these GLAD films was investigated using solution and vapor-phase surface functionalization methods. All films were characterized using scanning electron microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and advancing aqueous contact angle measurements. Our results indicate that the surface chemistry of the GLAD films was effectively changed after functionalization by either approaches. We also note that vapor-phase functionalization provides more consistent results and eliminates the need for organic solvents, making it an ideal method for tailoring the surface properties of GLAD films for specific applications.

scholarly journals Acid Red 66 Dye Removal from Aqueous Solution by Fe/C-based Composites: Adsorption, Kinetics and Thermodynamic Studies

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila B. Paz ◽  
Rinaldo S. Araújo ◽  
Lais F. Oton ◽  
Alcineia C. Oliveira ◽  
João M. Soares ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Dye Removal ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Carbon Layer ◽  
Synthetic Dyes ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Paramagnetic Resonance ◽  
X Ray

The presence of synthetic dyes in water causes serious environmental issues owing to the low water quality, toxicity to environment and human carcinogenic effects. Adsorption has emerged as simple and environmental benign processes for wastewater treatment. This work reports the use of porous Fe-based composites as adsorbents for Acid Red 66 dye removal in an aqueous solution. The porous FeC and Fe/FeC solids were prepared by hydrothermal methods using iron sulfates and sucrose as precursors. The physicochemical properties of the solids were evaluated through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy coupled with Energy dispersive spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier transform infrared s (FTIR), Raman and Mössbauer spectroscopies, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) and magnetic saturation techniques. Results indicated that the Fe species holds magnetic properties and formed well dispersed Fe3O4 nanoparticles on a carbon layer in FeC nanocomposite. Adding iron to the previous solid resulted in the formation of γ-Fe2O3 coating on the FeC type structure as in Fe/FeC composite. The highest dye adsorption capacity was 15.5 mg·g−1 for FeC nanocomposite at 25 °C with the isotherms fitting well with the Langmuir model. The removal efficiency of 98.4% was obtained with a pristine Fe sample under similar experimental conditions.

scholarly journals Synthesis of Iron Doped Zeolite Imidazolate Framework-8 and Its Remazol Deep Black RGB Dye Adsorption Ability

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mai Thi Thanh ◽  
Tran Vinh Thien ◽  
Vo Thi Thanh Chau ◽  
Pham Dinh Du ◽  
Nguyen Phi Hung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Hydrothermal Process ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Effective Removal ◽  
Iron Doped

Zeolite imidazole framework-8 (ZIF-8) and the iron doped ZIF-8 (Fe-ZIF-8) were synthesized by the hydrothermal process. The obtained materials were characteristic of X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscope (SEM), nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms, and atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). The results showed that the obtained Fe-ZIF-8 possessed the ZIF-8 structure with a large specific area. ZIF-8 and Fe-ZIF-8 were used for the removal of Remazol Deep Black (RDB) RGB dye from aqueous solutions. The various factors affecting adsorption such as pH, initial concentration, contact time, and temperature were investigated. The results showed that the introduction of iron into ZIF-8 provided a much larger adsorption capacity and faster adsorption kinetics than ZIF-8 without iron. The electrostatic interaction and π-π interaction between the aromatic rings of the RDB dye and the aromatic imidazolate rings of the adsorbent were responsible for the RDB adsorption. Moreover, the coordination of the nitrogen atoms and oxygen in carboxyl group in RDB molecules with the Fe2+ ions in the ZIF-8 framework played a vital role for the effective removal of RDB from aqueous solution.

scholarly journals Mechanochemical Organic Functionalization of Graphite Produces Tunable Coatings of Carbon Fibers by Multilayered Graphite Microparticles

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-31
Author(s):  
Grigoriy Sereda ◽  
Roman Sarder ◽  
Joseph Keppen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Carbon Fibers ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
Maleimide Group

The properties of carbon fiber reinforced composites depend on the adhesion of fibers to the polymer matrix. The improvement of interfacial properties in carbon fiber containing composite materials was extensively studied by introducing water-soluble derivative of graphene, graphene oxide and linkers molecules that were dispersed in the fiber sizing onto the surface of individual carbon fibers. Here we report mechano-chemical synthesis of a series of functionalized multilayer graphite micro particles able to modify carbon fibers simply dipped to their suspensions in various solvents, including water. The known mechanoactivated chemical exfoliation of graphite by maleic anhydride and maleimide was expanded to hexadecylmaleimide and 1,6-dimaleimidohexane. The new materials were characterized by SEM imaging, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), powder X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD), nitrogen adsorption isotherm surface analysis, and Diffuse Light Scattering (DLS). The coatings produced on both sized and unsized carbon fibers are resistant to ultrasonication. The pH-dependent dispersibility in water and particle size, relatively high surface area, presence of the thiol-reactive maleimide group in the material cross-linked with 1,6-dimaleimidohexane are the welcome properties f

scholarly journals Lignin Based Activated Carbon Using H3PO4 Activation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2829
Author(s):  
Zhongzhi Yang ◽  
Roland Gleisner ◽  
Doreen H. Mann ◽  
Junming Xu ◽  
Jianchun Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Dye Adsorption ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
Bet Surface Area ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Adsorption Desorption

Activated carbon (AC) with a very high surface area of over 2000 m2/g was produced from low sulfur acid hydrotropic lignin (AHL) from poplar wood using H3PO4 at a moderate temperature of 450 °C (AHL-AC6). ACs with similar surface areas were also obtained under the same activation condition from commercial hardwood alkali lignin and lignosulfonate. Initial evaluation of AC performance was carried out using nitrogen adsorption-desorption and dye adsorption. AHL-AC6 exhibited the best specific surface area and dye adsorption performance. Furthermore, the adsorption results of congo red (CR) and methylene blue (MB) showed AHL-AC6 had greater adsorption capacity than those reported in literature. The dye adsorption data fit to the Langmuir model well. The fitting parameter suggests the adsorption is nearly strong and near irreversible, especially for MB. The present study for the first time provided a procedure for producing AC from lignin with Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area >2000 m2/g using low cost and low environmental impact H3PO4 at moderate temperatures.

Influence of TiO2 on the Pore Structure and Texture of SiO2-PDMS Hybrid Materials

2004 ◽  
Vol 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucía Téllez ◽  
Juan Rubio ◽  
Miguel A. Valenzuela ◽  
Fausto Rubio ◽  
Ernesto Morales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Titanium Oxide ◽  
Hybrid Materials ◽  
Mercury Porosimetry ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Nitrogen Adsorption ◽  
The Other ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Specific Surface Areas

ABSTRACTPorous SiO2-PDMS-TiO2 hybrid materials have been prepared by the Sol-Gel method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), silanol terminated-Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and tetrabuthylortotitanate (TBT) as precursors. These materials were characterized by means of nitrogen adsorption, mercury porosimetry and helium picnometry. It was found that the meso and microporosity are predominant in all samples. The influence of the TBT concentration in the final pore structure and texture of SiO2-PDMS-TiO2 hybrid materials was studied. Results showed that increasing the TBT concentration decreases the pore volume of micropores, mesopores and macropores. On the other hand the specific surface areas of meso and macropores decreases with increasing TBT content, but micropore areas increase with TBT. These results are assigned to the formation of ultramicropores when TBT is added. In addition, surface roughness is found to increase with TBT concentration which is attributed to the formation of hydrous titanium oxide based nanoparticles.

Surface Chemistry of Nanocrystalline Cerium Oxide

1994 ◽  
Vol 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Tschöpe ◽  
J.Y. Ying ◽  
K. Amonlirdviman ◽  
M. L. Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Surface Chemistry ◽  
Cerium Oxide ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Oxygen Deficiency ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Surface Reactivity ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Reduction And Oxidation

ABSTRACTNanocrystalline cerium oxide was synthesized by magnetron sputtering of a metallic target, followed by controlled post-oxidation. The resulting cerium oxide clusters were <10 nm in size, and highly non-stoichiometric in nature. The oxygen deficiency of such materials was associated with the unusual catalytic activity in oxidation and redox reactions. This paper compares the surface chemistry of nanocrystalline CeO2−x with stoichiometric CeO2. It further explores the promoting effect of Cu-doping on surface reduction and oxidation.The oxidation states of metal cations were examined with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy after various oxidizing and reducing heat treatments in a connected reaction chamber. Isothermal pulsed reduction and oxidation of the samples were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis. Reduction properties of the different materials are discussed in terms of their microstructure, oxygen deficiency and chemical composition. These studies will help to understand the importance of bulk defects and synergistic effects in multicomponent and multiphase materials for high surface reactivity.

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