scholarly journals Evaluation of Mechanical, Physical, and Morphological Properties of Epoxy Composites Reinforced with Different Date Palm Fillers

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (13) ◽  
pp. 2145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Basheer A. Alshammari ◽  
Naheed Saba ◽  
Majed D. Alotaibi ◽  
Mohammed F. Alotibi ◽  
Mohammad Jawaid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Mechanical Resistance ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Matrix Cracks

The present study deals with the fabrication of epoxy composites reinforced with 50 wt% of date palm leaf sheath (G), palm tree trunk (L), fruit bunch stalk (AA), and leaf stalk (A) as filler by the hand lay-up technique. The developed composites were characterized and compared in terms of mechanical, physical and morphological properties. Mechanical tests revealed that the addition of AA improves tensile (20.60–40.12 MPa), impact strength (45.71–99.45 J/m), flexural strength (32.11–110.16 MPa) and density (1.13–1.90 g/cm3). The water absorption and thickness swelling values observed in this study were higher for AA/epoxy composite, revealing its higher cellulosic content, compared to the other composite materials. The examination of fiber pull-out, matrix cracks, and fiber dislocations in the microstructure and fractured surface morphology of the developed materials confirmed the trends for mechanical properties. Overall, from results analysis it can be concluded that reinforcing epoxy matrix with AA filler effectively improves the properties of the developed composite materials. Thus, date palm fruit bunch stalk filler might be considered as a sustainable and green promising reinforcing material similarly to other natural fibers and can be used for diverse commercial, structural, and nonstructural applications requiring high mechanical resistance.

scholarly journals Date palm reinforced epoxy composites: tensile, impact and morphological properties

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3959-3969 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Saba ◽  
Othman Y. Alothman ◽  
Zeyad Almutairi ◽  
M. Jawaid ◽  
Waheedullah Ghori
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Tensile Impact

scholarly journals Determining the Stages of Deformation and Destruction of Composite Materials in a Static Tensile Test by Acoustic Emission

Materials ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 313
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Panasiuk ◽  
Krzysztof Dudzik
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Test Methods ◽  
Permissible Stress ◽  
Fibre Breakage ◽  
Matrix Cracks ◽  
Starting Point

Composite materials are used in many industries. They are construction materials that are being used more and more often, which makes it necessary to accurately identify the process of their destruction. Recent decades have resulted in an intensive increase in diagnostic tests of structures and mechanical elements. Non-destructive testing (NDT) represents a group of test methods (surface and volumetric) that provide information about the properties of the tested element without changing its structure. The method of acoustic emission (AE) is also being used more frequently. Thanks to the ability to detect and locate signal sources, as well as to perform tests during operation, it is a method that is increasingly used in industry. In this article, the acoustic emission was used to analyze the changes occurring in composite materials. Obtained parameters helped to determine the signals originating from fibre delamination, fibre cracking, etc., as well as the starting point of these changes and the stress values at which these changes occurred. The analysis of acoustic emission signals recorded during the tests helped to determine the values of amplitudes characteristic for the destruction mechanisms of considered composite materials. Signals with an amplitude in the range of 30–41 dB may indicate elastic–plastic deformation of the matrix. Signals with an amplitude in the range of 42–50 dB indicate matrix cracks with the accompanying phenomenon of fibre delamination. Signals with amplitudes greater than 50 dB indicate fibre breakage. Based on the test results, the permissible stress was determined; when exceeded, the mechanisms of damage to the structure of composite materials accumulate. This stress limit for the tested material is 70 MPa. The use of the acoustic emission method in mechanical tests may contribute to a greater knowledge of composite materials used as a construction material, as well as determine the stresses allowable for a given structure.

scholarly journals Emissions from Combustion of Second-Generation Biodiesel Produced from Seeds of Date Palm Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (18) ◽  
pp. 3720 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammed Kamil ◽  
Khalid Ramadan ◽  
Chaouki Ghenai ◽  
Abdul Ghani Olabi ◽  
Ibrahim T. Nazzal
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Second Generation ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Environmental Benefits ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Human Environment

Transportation is a vital necessity without which the entire world would come to a standstill. The fossil fuels used to power transportation are consumed at rates of approximately 100,000 times their rate of natural formation, and their consumption subjects the human environment and ecosystem to significant damage. As substitutes for fossil-based diesel, second-generation biodiesels can eliminate many of the challenges concerning first-generation biodiesels in terms of their high cost and the food versus fuel debate. The seeds of the date palm tree have significant oil content and are a promising prospective energy source. This study investigated the potential environmental benefits of this biofuel in terms of diesel tailpipe emission reduction. The various blends of palm date biodiesel were produced and matched to fuel standard requirements, resulting in four standard-compatible blends that were tested in a diesel engine at varying operating conditions for speed and load. Although the biodiesel emissions had lower concentrations of CO2, CO, and HC relative to fossil diesel, higher concentrations of NOx were detected. The results suggest that date-seed biodiesel could become a sustainable energy source for the transport sector, although further technical and economic investigations will be required before its wide deployment.

scholarly journals Effect of CNT-Based Resin Modification on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composites

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suhas Yeshwant Nayak ◽  
Satish Shenoy ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan ◽  
Chandrakant R. Kini ◽  
Aashna Seth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Matrix Cracking ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Low Velocity Impact ◽  
Material System ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Modes Of Failure

In this study an attempt was made to explore the possibility of substituting 3D E-glass fabric with eco-friendly basalt fabric along with the modification of resin using MWCNTs, a material system about which very limited information exists. The study involved comparing the mechanical properties of two sets of composites. The first set was comprised of 3D orthogonally woven E-glass-reinforced epoxy composites, basalt-reinforced epoxy composites, and hybrid 3D E-glass orthogonally woven/basalt-reinforced epoxy composites while the second set of composites was the same as the first but prepared with resin modified with Multi Walled Carbon Nanotubes (MWCNTs). All the composites were fabricated by hand lay-up and compression molding techniques. To modify the resin for the second set of composites, MWCNTs were dispersed into the epoxy resin with acetone as a surfactant by magnetic stirring and ultra-sonification. Mechanical tests included tensile, flexural, and low velocity impact strength which were evaluated as per standards. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was employed to study the fractured surfaces. Results showed that resin modification did not yield any positive results on the mechanical properties of the composites. The highest tensile (364.4 MPa) and flexural strength (345.3 MPa) was obtained for 3D E-glass composites followed by basalt composites and hybrid 3D E-glass/basalt composites while the highest impact strength of 198.42 kJ/m2 was exhibited by the hybrid 3D E-glass/basalt composites. SEM micrographs showed de-bonding between the modified matrix and fiber which was seen as one of the primary causes for relatively poor performance of the composites prepared with modified resin. Fiber breakage, matrix cracking, fiber pull-out, and delamination were the other modes of failure. Results suggest that hybridization with basalt fibers is a much safer, more cost effective, and eco-friendly option over resin modification.

Physico-Mechanical Characterization of Composite Materials Based on Date Palm Tree Fibers

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Tarek Djoudi ◽  
Mabrouk Hecini ◽  
Daniel Scida ◽  
Youcef Djebloun ◽  
Hocine Djemai
Keyword(s):  
Composite Materials ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Mechanical Characterization ◽  
Palm Tree

Comparative Study of Polypropylene Matrix Reinforced with Date Palm Fibers & Date Palm Twigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 123-125 ◽  
pp. 1115-1118
Author(s):  
Ahmad Alawar ◽  
Waseem Ahmed ◽  
Khalifa Al-Kaabi
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Fiber Composite ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Palm Tree ◽  
Date Palm Fibers ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Polypropylene Matrix ◽  
Pp Composites

A variety of natural fibers have been on research over the past years to develop alternative echo friendly materials that have comparable performance as their synthetic counter parts for use in composite materials. In this study, two different forms of date palm tree fibers were used as reinforcement materials to develop composite materials with polypropylene (PP) matrix. These two different date palm fibers are namely Date palm fiber (DPF) & Date Palm twigs (DPT). These fibers were surface modified using alkali treatment. Two different Percentages of PP (50%, 75%) were mixed with the each type of fibers to form composite pellets using double screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the different fibers reinforced composite, in treated and untreated condition were investigated. The effect of different weight fraction of Polypropylene matrix reinforced DPF or Twigs fiber composite was investigated. The results indicate that untreated DPF-PP composites possess better mechanical properties compared to all untreated & treated DPT-PP composites. Mechanical interlocking between untreated fibers and the matrix showed some increase in the mechanical properties of the untreated DPF-PP compared to the treated one. In both cases, composites having 75% PP has better mechanical properties than the 50%PP composites. This is due to the lack of compatibility between the fibers and the matrix.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alkali Treatment on Physical, Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Kenaf Fiber and Polymer Epoxy Composites

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 2005
Author(s):  
Nur Farhani Ismail ◽  
Nabilah Afiqah Mohd Radzuan ◽  
Abu Bakar Sulong ◽  
Norhamidi Muhamad ◽  
Che Hassan Che Haron
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Alkali Treatment ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Compression Moulding ◽  
Kenaf Fiber ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Kenaf Fibers

The use of kenaf fiber as a reinforcement material for polymer composites is gaining popularity, especially in the production of automotive components. The main objective of this current work is to relate the effect of alkali treatment on the single fiber itself and the composite material simultaneously. The effect of temperature condition during mechanical testing is also investigated. Composite materials with discontinuous natural kenaf fibers and epoxy resin were fabricated using a compression moulding process. The epoxy composites were reinforced with 50 wt% untreated and treated kenaf fibers. The kenaf fiber was treated with NaOH solution (6% by weight) for 24 h at room temperature. Kenaf fiber treated with NaOH treatment had a clean surface and no impurities. For the first time we can see that alkali treatment had a damaging effect on the mechanical properties of kenaf fibers itself and the treated kenaf/epoxy composites. The composite reinforced with untreated kenaf fiber and treated kenaf fiber showed increased tensile strength (72.85% and 12.97%, respectively) compared to the neat epoxy. Reinforcement of the composite with treated kenaf fiber decreased the tensile strength due to the fiber pull out and the formation of voids which weakens the adhesion between the fibers and matrix. The temperature conditions also play an important role in composites with a significant impact on the deterioration of composite materials. Treated kenaf fiber has thermal stability and is not sensitive to temperature and as a result reinforcement with treated kenaf gives a lower loss value of 76%.

Emergence of New Potential Insect Pests of Date Palm: Could Climate Change Be the Reason?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 242-245
Author(s):  
Hamadttu A. F. El-Shafie
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Anthropogenic Activities ◽  
Economic Damage ◽  
South American ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
The Family ◽  
American Palm ◽  
Sorghum Chafer

Four insect species were reported as new potential pests of date palm in recent years. They are sorghum chafer (Pachnoda interrupta), the rose chafer (Potosia opaca), the sericine chafer beetle (Maladera insanablis), and the South American palm borer (Pysandisia archon). The first three species belong to the order Coleoptera and the family Scarabaeidae, while the fourth species is a lepidopteran of the family Castniidae. The injury as well as the economic damage caused by the four species on date palm need to be quantified. Due to climate change and anthropogenic activities, the date palm pest complex is expected to change in the future. To the author's knowledge, this article provides the first report of sorghum chafer as a pest damaging date palm fruit.

The effects of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set and yield of Medjhol date palm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdoul Amir Rahnama ◽  
Esmaeil Rahkhodaei
Keyword(s):  
Date Palm ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Male Flower ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Palm Fruit ◽  
Tropical Fruit ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
Female Flowers

Date palm is unisexual, being either male or female. Male and female flowers grow on buds called Spathe, which opens naturally when fully mature. It is easy to identify the male and female flowers. Under the method of manual pollination, pollen from a male flower is smeared over female flowers. The pollen variety and pollination time have important effects on date palm fruit set, yield and quality. This experiment was carried out to study the effect of date pollinizer variety and pollination time on fruit set, growth and development of Medjhol date palm variety, in date palm garden of date palm and tropical fruit research institute of Iran during three years from 2009 to 2011. The trail was randomized complete block design in factorial manner with three pollen variety as Ghaname, Vardy, and Samesmave, two pollination time as 1-3 days before or after spathe opening and four replication. The results showed that the Vardy pollen had significant effects and increased the fertility percent and fruit yield, rather than two other pollen varieties. The pollen variety had no significant effects on fruit quality as total sugar, acidity, and bricx. The pollination time before spathe opening significantly increased fertility percent, decreased fruit weight and date palm yield. Finally the pollen variety and pollination time interaction effects showed that, application of Vardy pollen from 1-3 days after spathe opening with the most production date palm yield, equal 19.9 kilogram per any date palm trees, so this treatment is the best and are recommended.

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