scholarly journals The Effect of New Thiophene-Derived Diphenyl Aminophosphonates on Growth of Terrestrial Plants

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2018
Author(s):  
Diana Rogacz ◽  
Jarosław Lewkowski ◽  
Marta Siedlarek ◽  
Rafał Karpowicz ◽  
Anna Kowalczyk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Rumex Acetosa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heterocypris Incongruens

The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact of the thiophene-derived aminophosphonates 1–6 on seedling emergence and growth of monocotyledonous oat (Avena sativa) and dicotyledonous radish (Raphanus sativus L.), and phytotoxicity against three persistent and resistant weeds (Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Rumex acetosa L., and Chenopodium album). Aminophosphonates 1–6 have never been described in the literature. The phytotoxicity of tested aminophosphonates toward their potential application as soil-applied herbicides was evaluated according to the OECD (Organization for Economic and Cooperation Development Publishing) 208 Guideline. In addition, their ecotoxicological impact on crustaceans Heterocypris incongruens and bacteria Aliivibrio fischeri was measured using the OSTRACODTOXKITTM and Microtox® tests. Obtained results showed that none of the tested compounds were found sufficiently phytotoxic and none of them have any herbicidal potential. None of the tested compounds showed important toxicity against Aliivibrio fischeri but they should be considered as slightly harmful. Harmful impacts of compounds 1–6 on Heterocypris incongruens were found to be significant.

scholarly journals Effect of New Thiophene-Derived Aminophosphonic Derivatives on Growth of Terrestrial Plants. Part 2. Their Ecotoxicological Impact and Phytotoxicity Test Toward Herbicidal Application in Agriculture

Molecules ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Rogacz ◽  
Jarosław Lewkowski ◽  
Zbigniew Malinowski ◽  
Agnieszka Matusiak ◽  
Marta Morawska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Terrestrial Plants ◽  
Polymeric Carrier ◽  
Toxic Impact ◽  
Phytotoxicity Test ◽  
Aliivibrio Fischeri ◽  
Thiophene Derivatives ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Heterocypris Incongruens

Background: The aim of this work was to evaluate phytotoxicity of the thiophene derivatives against three persistent weeds of a high degree of resistance (Galinsoga parviflora Cav., Rumex acetosa L., and Chenopodium album) as well as their ecotoxicological impact on Heterocypris incongruens. In addition, Aliivibrio fischeri was measured. Two of eight described aminophosphonates, namely dimethyl N-(2-methoxyphenyl)amino(2-thienyl)methylphosphonate (2d) and dimethyl N-(tert-butyl)- (2-thienyl)methylphosphonate (2h), have never been reported before. Methods: The phytotoxicity of tested aminophosphonates toward their potential application as soil-applied herbicides was evaluated according to the OECD 208 Guideline. Ecotoxicological properties of investigated compounds were made using the OSTRACODTOXKITTM and Microtox® tests. Results: Obtained results showed that four aminophosphonates have interesting herbicidal properties and N-(2-methylphenyl)amino- (2-thienyl)methylphosphonate (2a) was found to kill efficiently the most resistant plant Chenopodium album. None of the tested compounds showed important toxicity against Aliivibrio fischeri. However, their toxic impact on Heterocypris incongruens was significantly elevated. Conclusions: The aminophosphonate 2a showed herbicidal potential and it is not toxic against tested bacteria (EC50 over 1000 mg/L). It was found to be moderately toxic against ostracods [mortality 48% at 10 mg/kg of soil dry weight (s.d.w.)] and this problem should be solved by the use of the controlled release from a polymeric carrier.

scholarly journals Características productivas de cultivos forrajeros en sistemas de producción de leche, Nariño, Colombia

2020 ◽  
pp. 177-192
Author(s):  
David Felipe Nieto-Sierra ◽  
Diego Hernán Meneses-Buitrago ◽  
Sonia Patricia Morales-Montero ◽  
Filadelfo Hernández-Oviedo ◽  
Edwin Castro-Rincón
Keyword(s):  
Medicago Sativa ◽  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Beta Vulgaris ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Medicago Sativa L

Introducción. El pasto es la fuente principal de alimentación de los rumiantes, sin embargo, este no es capaz de aportar los nutrientes necesarios requeridos para su mantenimiento y productividad, sumado a esto, en el trópico alto es muy notable la estacionalidad de producción de forrajes, por lo que es muy importante conocer otras alternativas de alimentación. Objetivo. Caracterizar y evaluar diez cultivos forrajeros como fuentes alternativas de suplementación en sistemas de producción de leche en el trópico alto de Nariño. Materiales y métodos. El estudio se realizó en tres localidades (L1, L2 Y L3) representativas de la cuenca lechera del departamento de Nariño entre noviembre de 2016 y setiembre de 2017. Se empleó un diseño de bloques completos al azar (BCA) con diez tratamientos Vicia faba (alpargata), Vicia faba (roja), Vicia faba (común), Zea mayz var. ICA V-305, Raphanus sativus L., Beta vulgaris, Avena sativa var. Cayuse, Phalaris sp., Medicago sativa L. var. moapa, Medicago sativa L. var. 10 10, tres repeticiones y comparación de medias al 0,05. Al momento de la cosecha se estimó: rendimiento de forraje verde y materia seca, proteína cruda (PC), fibra detergente neutro (FDN), fibra detergente ácido (FDA), lignina, hemicelulosa, digestibilidad de la materia seca y energía neta de lactancia (ENL). Resultados. Las especies destacadas fueron la haba (las tres variedades) y la remolacha forrajera, por su rendimiento y calidad nutricional, las cuales presentaron valores entre 7,48 y 20,24 % para PC y 1,14 y 1,49 Mcal kg-1 para ENL. Se presentaron diferencias entre tratamientos para cada localidad, tanto en las variables productivas como en las nutricionales. Conclusión. Las especies forrajeras de mayor rendimiento productivo y calidad nutricional fueron la haba (roja, común y alpargata) y la remolacha.

Impact of solar UV-B radiation on seedling emergence, chlorophyll fluorescence, and growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus)

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Alberto Zavala ◽  
Javier Francisco Botto
Keyword(s):  
Chlorophyll Fluorescence ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Solar Uv ◽  
Lag Period ◽  
Uv Absorbing Compounds ◽  
Early Effects ◽  
The Impact

We report the impact of present-day solar UV-B radiation on seedling emergence, its association with the accumulation of UV-absorbing compounds, and the growth and yield of radish (Raphanus sativus L.). Two field experiments were conducted at intermediate latitudes in South America (Buenos Aires, Argentina) using two cultivars of radish (`Scarlet Globe' and `Sparkler National'). Solar UV-B reduced the emergence of seedlings by nearly 20% for the Scarlet radish cultivar, and delayed emergence for both cultivars by least one day. Using a chlorophyll fluorescence method to estimate the degree of UV penetration into photosynthetic tissue, we found significant differences in the levels of UV-B-absorbing compounds between seedlings grown under contrasting levels of solar UV-B. The increase of specific UV-absorbing compounds in the cotyledons required an initial lag period of 4 d after the emergence of seedlings. We could not detect any relationship between the accumulation of UV-B-screening compounds in cotyledons and leaves of the same plant, suggesting that solar UV-B induced a localized response in green tissues. Ambient UV-B affected the biomass partitioned to tubers, resulting in an increase of at least 17% in tuber diameter and 26% in tuber fresh weight at the end of the life cycle. Our results indicate that the early effects of UV-B on seedling development involve a cost for young plants, but it appears to be advantageous to increase the carbon partitioning to the tubers at harvest. These findings suggest ways to improve the yield of radish crops.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of goosefoot on germination and early stage growth of triticale and radish

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-128
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Lipniak ◽  
Angelika Kliszcz
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
Radish Seedlings

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of aqueous extracts from Chenopodium album L. on germination and early stages of triticale grains (×Triticosecale Wittm. ex A.Camus) and radish seeds (Raphanus sativus L.). Germination indexes, fresh and dry mass, water content and electrolyte leakage were measured. Studies revealed the different germination capacity of triticale grains and radish seeds, where increased concentrations of allelopathins in aqueous C. album extracts significantly inhibited seedling growth for both species. The extracts had an inhibitory effect on the growth of seedling fresh mass. An increase in dry mass of radish seedlings was demonstrated for each of the extracts and, for triticale seedlings, only at concentrations of 0.5% and 1.5%. Water content in triticale and radish seedlings varied depending on the concentration of allelopathins in the extract. With increasing concentrations of C. album extract, regardless of seedling type, a statistically significant increase in electrolyte leakage was observed.

scholarly journals Intercropped red beet and radish with green bean affected microbial communities and nodulation by indigenous rhizobia

2014 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 173-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milan Ugrinovic ◽  
Mirjana Mijatovic ◽  
Jasmina Zdravkovic ◽  
Zdenka Girek ◽  
Djordje Kuzmanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Nifh Gene ◽  
Green Bean ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris L ◽  
Efficacy Evaluation ◽  
Land Equivalent Ratio ◽  
Biochemical Characteristics ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
The Impact

The impact of intercropping green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) with red beet (Beta vulgaris L. var. rubra) and radish (Raphanus sativus L.), two non-legume plants, on the plants’ yields, as well as the effect on occurrence and enumeration of microorganisms in the rhizosphere was studied. The intercrop efficacy evaluation, using Land equivalent ratio, revealed values above 1.0 for all intercropped treatments. Diversity of rhizobia from green bean nodules under different intercropping and fertilizing conditions was observed. On the basis of morphological and biochemical characteristics, 67 out of 158 isolates from green bean roots were selected as rhizobia (42.4%), confirmed by detection of 780 bp nifH gene fragments in nifH-PCR, and then clustered in 27 phenotype patterns. Production of exopolysaccharide succinoglycan was observed in 23 rhizobial isolates, while 6 were detected to solubilize tricalcium phosphate. Screening of genetic diversity using (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting showed presence of six different patterns on the 92% similarity level.

scholarly journals The impact of chemical contaminants on biocenosis (ecotoxycological studies)

2019 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 00088
Author(s):  
Magdalena Wróbel ◽  
Agnieszka Stojanowska ◽  
Martyna Nosarzewska ◽  
Radosław Rutkowski ◽  
Justyna Rybak
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Natural Environment ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Tubifex Tubifex ◽  
Chemical Contaminants ◽  
Toxic Compounds ◽  
Commercial Test ◽  
Ecotoxicological Tests ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Heterocypris Incongruens

The analysis of the impact of PCC “Rokita” chemical industry on the natural environment has been studied. Samples of water, soil and sediment taken nearby industry were analyzed with ecotoxicological tests.. We used Avena sativa for study the impact of industry on producers and to evaluate soil quality. Additionally the commercial test, Phytotoxkit, test was conducted. Water quality was assessed using Tubifex tubifex and Daphnia magna/ Sediment’s quality was assessed with the application of Ostracodtoxkit F test (Heterocypris incongruens). Conducted ecotoxicological tests proved that the studied area surrounding PCC “Rokita” is still contaminated with organic toxic compounds we observed mortality in water and soil of organisms tested. The fighest impact of toxicants was recorded for sediments suggesting accumulation of toxicants over many years.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effects of Stellaria media (L.) Vill. on germination and early stages of growth of Raphanus sativus var. radicula

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiman Zandi ◽  
Beata Barabasz-Krasny ◽  
Alina Stachurska-Swakoń ◽  
Joanna Puła ◽  
Katarzyna Możdżeń
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Electrolyte Leakage ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Germination Rate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Stellaria Media ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Radish Seedlings ◽  
Growth Of Seedlings

Influence of aqueous extracts of aboveground organs of common crop weeds Stellaria media on germination and seedlings growth of radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. radicula Pers.) was studied. Three different cultivars of radish (i.e. ‘Rowa’, ‘Krakowianka’, and ‘Półdługa’) were used to investigate if Stellaria media could produce allelopathins and if the impact of allelopathins differs between cultivars. The influence of allelopathins in various form of extracts was checked, i.e. decoction, infusion, and macerate, as the impact on germination rate, seedling growth (length and mass), and electrolyte leakage. Compared to the control group (distilled water used) the germination rate of radish seeds was lower, independently of the type of S. media extracts used. The growth of seedlings differed between cultivars and form of extract. It was noticed the inhibition of seedling growth for ‘Półdługa’ cultivar independently of extract form. The growth of two other cultivars was stimulated by the infusion, and slightly inhibited by the decoction and macerate. The extracts reduced the outflow of electrolytes through the cell membranes of radish seedlings of all but one the analysed radish cultivars. The exception was the macerate, which in the ‘Rowa’ cultivar caused the increase of the electrolyte leakage.

Isolation of the constituents and evaluation of allelopathic potential of Raphanus sativus L. (Brassicaceae)

Planta Medica ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 80 (16) ◽  
Author(s):  
LLR Fiorucci ◽  
GC Mantovanelli ◽  
DI Bernardi ◽  
AA Silva ◽  
RS de Oliveira Jr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Allelopathic Potential ◽  
Raphanus Sativus L
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