scholarly journals Evaluation of Mechanical Properties of a Hollow Endodontic Post by Three Point Test and SEM Analysis: A Pilot Study

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 1983
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Lo Giudice ◽  
Edoardo Ferrari Cagidiaco ◽  
Roberto Lo Giudice ◽  
Francesco Puleio ◽  
Fabiana Nicita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Fracture Load ◽  
Resin Cement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Point Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanical properties of a fiber hollow endodontic post characterized by the presence of an empty central cylindrical channel extended along the whole length. This particular shape allows clinicians to use the post also as a cementation resin carrier. Ten hollow posts were divided in two groups: the control group (unfilled hollow posts) (Group 0) and hollow posts filled with dual resin cement (Group 1). The samples of both groups were subjected to mechanical and micromorphological analysis by performing a three-point test and SEM observations. In the three-point test, the Group 1 samples exhibited a fracture load of 57.09 ± 5.06 N, a flexural strength of 1323.53 ± 110.09 MPa, and a Young’s modulus of 42.87 ± 0.86 GPa. The samples of Group 2 exhibited a fracture load of 38.17 ± 1.7 N, a flexural strength of 908.87 ± 30.98 MPa, and a Young’s modulus of 40.33 ± 1.9 GPa. The difference between fracture load, flexural strength, and deflection between the two groups was statistically highly significant (p < 0.01). Further, the difference between the Young’s modulus of the two groups was statistically significant (p < 0.05). The values obtained are similar to those of other posts available on the market.

High Temperature Mechanical Properties of Ni-YSZ Cermets for SOFC Anode

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fumitada Iguchi ◽  
Hiromichi Kitahara ◽  
Hiroo Yugami
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Strain Diagram ◽  
Thermal Cycles ◽  
High Temperature Mechanical Properties ◽  
Sofc Anode ◽  
The Difference

The mechanical properties of Ni-YSZ cermets at high temperature in reduction atmosphere were evaluated by the four points bending method. We studied the influences of reduction and thermal cycles, i.e. a cycle from R.T. to 800°C, to flexural strength and Young’s modulus. The flexural strength of Ni-YSZ at room temperature was lower than that of NiO-YSZ by about 10 to 20% mainly caused by the increment of porosity. But, the flexural strength of Ni-YSZ at 800°C was drastically decreased by an half of that at R.T. In addition, the stress–strain diagram of Ni-YSZ at 800°C indicated that it showed weak ductility. The maximum observed strain was over 0.5% at 30MPa. On the contrary, NiO-YSZ showed only brittlely at 800°C. The difference was caused by Ni metal in the Ni-YSZ cermets. Therefore, it was expected that Ni-YSZ is easily deformed in operation, though residual stress between an anode and an electrolyte was low. The influence of thermal cycles to flexural strength and Young’s modulus was not observed clearly. At the same time, the differences of microstructure were not observed. Therefore, it was concluded that the cycle does not change mechanical properties significantly.

Mechanical properties and toughening mechanisms of epoxy/graphene nanocomposites

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 257-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahim Eqra ◽  
Kamal Janghorban ◽  
Habib Daneshmanesh
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Surface ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Graphene Nanosheets ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Toughening Mechanism ◽  
Graphene Nanocomposites

Abstract Because of extraordinary physical, chemical and mechanical properties, graphene nanosheets (GNS) are suitable fillers for optimizing the properties of different polymers. In this research, the effect of GNS content (up to 1 wt.%) on tensile and flexural properties, morphology of fracture surface, and toughening mechanism of epoxy were investigated. Results of mechanical tests showed a peak for tensile and flexural strength of samples with 0.1 wt.% GNS such that the tensile and flexural strength improved by 13% and 3.3%, respectively. The Young’s modulus and flexural modulus increased linearly with GNS content, although the behavior of the Young’s modulus was more remarkable. Morphological investigations confirmed this behavior because the GNS dispersion in the epoxy matrix was uniform at lower contents and agglomerated at higher contents. Finally, microscopical observation showed that the major toughening mechanism of graphene-epoxy nanocomposites was crack path deflection, which changed the mirror fracture surface of the pure epoxy to rough surface.

scholarly journals Effects of CNT Addition on Mechanical Properties, Electric Conductivity and Oxidation Resistance of Al2O3-TiC Composite

2013 ◽  
Vol 761 ◽  
pp. 83-86
Author(s):  
Hideaki Sano ◽  
Junichi Morisaki ◽  
Guo Bin Zheng ◽  
Yasuo Uchiyama
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Electric Conductivity ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Oxidation Resistance ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Tic Particle

Effects of carbon nanotubes (CNT) addition on mechanical properties, electric conductivity and oxidation resistance of CNT/Al2O3-TiC composite were investigated. It was found that flexural strength, Young’s modulus and fracture toughness of the composites were improved by addition of more than 2 vol%-CNT. In the composites with more than 3 vol%-CNT, the oxidation resistance of the composite was degraded. In comparison with Al2O3-26vol%TiC sample as TiC particle-percolated sample, the Al2O3-12vol%TiC-3vol%CNT sample, which is not TiC particle-percolated sample, shows almost the same mechanical properties and electric conductivity, and also shows thinner oxidized region after oxidation at 1200°C due to less TiC in the composite.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on Mechanical Properties of 3D Printed Multimaterials ABS/PC Parts: Effect of Printing Parameters

2021 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-104
Author(s):  
Pui-Voon Yap ◽  
Ming-Yeng Chan ◽  
Seong-Chun Koay
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Nozzle Diameter ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Printing Parameters ◽  
Printing Speed

This research work highlights the mechanical properties of multi-material by fused deposition modelling (FDM). The specimens for tensile and flexural test have been printed using polycarbonate (PC) material at different combinations of printing parameters. The effects of varied printing speed, infill density and nozzle diameter on the mechanical properties of specimens have been investigated. Multi-material specimens were fabricated with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) as the base material and PC as the reinforced material at the optimum printing parameter combination. The specimens were then subjected to mechanical testing to observe their tensile strength, Young’s modulus, percentage elongation, flexural strength and flexural modulus. The outcome of replacing half of ABS with PC to create a multi-material part has been examined. As demonstrated by the results, the optimum combination of printing parameters is 60 mm/s printing speed, 15% infill density and 0.8 mm nozzle diameter. The combination of ABS and PC materials as reinforcing material has improved the tensile strength (by 38.46%), Young’s modulus (by 23.40%), flexural strength (by 23.90%) and flexural modulus (by 37.33%) while reducing the ductility by 14.31% as compared to pure ABS. The results have been supported by data and graphs of the analysed specimens.

scholarly journals Effect of Water on Some Mechanical Properties for Sawdust and Chopped Reeds /UPE composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 551-560
Author(s):  
Baghdad Science Journal
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Polyester Resin ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Unsaturated Polyester ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Composite Samples

In this study, composite materials were prepared using unsaturated polyester resin as binder with two types of fillers (sawdust and chopped reeds). The molding method is used to prepare sheets of UPE / sawdust composite and UPE / chopped reeds composite. The mechanical properties were studied including flexural strength and Young's modulus for the samples at normal conditions (N.C). The Commercial wood, UPE and its composite samples were immersed in water for about 30 days to find the weight gain (Mt%) of water for the samples, also to find the effect of water on their flexural strength and Young's modulus. The results showed that the samples of UPE / chopped reeds composite gained highest values of flexural strength (24.5 MPa) and Young's modulus (5.1 GPa) as compared with other composites at (N.C). The results showed that the wet samples of sawdust composite have lowest values of weight gain (Mt %) of water (0.043%) as compared with other composites after immersion. Also it’s showed a slight decrease in values of Young's modulus for all the samples after immersion as compared with the samples at (N.C). Finally it’s showed a slight decrease in values of flexural strength for all the samples except for the composite material formed from UPE / chopped reeds which showed an increase in the value of flexural strength after immersion, where the wet samples of UPE / chopped reeds composite gained (29 MPa) as compared with the samples at (N.C).

Mechanical Properties and Machinability of Si3N4/hBN Composites Prepared by Pressureless Sintering

2006 ◽  
Vol 510-511 ◽  
pp. 1014-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Won Seung Cho ◽  
Ki Ju Lee ◽  
Myeong Woo Cho ◽  
Jae Hyung Lee ◽  
Woon Suk Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Ceramic Composites ◽  
Pressureless Sintering ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramic ◽  
Cutting Resistance ◽  
Axis Parallel ◽  
Si3n4 Ceramics

The effects of hBN content on microstructure, mechanical properties, and machinability of the pressureless-sintered Si3N4 ceramics were investigated. Flexural strength, Young’s modulus, and hardness decreased with increasing h-BN content. The mechanical properties are decreased mainly because of increased porosity of composite, and the much lower Young's modulus of BN compared to that of Si3N4. Pressureless-sintered Si3N4/hBN composites exhibit strong texture of BN grains oriented with the c-axis parallel to the cold-pressing direction. Cutting resistance of Si3N4 ceramic composites with more than 10 vol% hBN decreased with increasing hBN content, demonstrating a good machinability of the composites. The residual pores can be attributed to improved machinability of pessureless-sintered Si3N4-BN composite.

Effect of PEG Content on the Mechanical Properties of Bis-GMA/TEGDMA/UDMA Dental Resin Composites

2017 ◽  
Vol 752 ◽  
pp. 3-10
Author(s):  
Timea Gherman ◽  
Marioara Moldovan ◽  
Miuţa Filip ◽  
Trifoi Ancuța ◽  
Maria Râpă ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Reaction Medium ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chain Growth ◽  
Dental Resin ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Urethane Dimethacrylate

In this study urethane dimethacrylate (UDMA) based dental resin materials were synthesized. Urethane methacrylate oligomers (UDMO) were synthesized via a radical chain growth polymerization mechanism using polyethylene glycol (PEG) in order to improve the mechanical properties, without adding a solvent in the reaction medium. The structure of the new monomer and oligomer were confirmed by FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectra. The results of FT-IR analysis indicated that the addition of PEG as plasticizer in the urethane methacrylate dental material in the adequate molar ratio (isophorone diisocyanate : HEM (2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) : PEG = 2:2:1) improve the isocyanate double bond consumption. The Elastic strength (MPa) and Young’s Modulus of bending (MPa) were measured using a three-point bending set up. Urethane dimethacrylate monomer without PEG was used as control group. The results showed that PEG containing UDMO resins had lower Young’s Modulus: 2984 MPa and 2537 MPa (for 40s irradiation time) and Elastic strenght: 77 MPa and 51 MPa than UDMA derived resin: 3270 MPa respectively 90 MPa for all irradiation times (20 and 40 seconds).

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF PLASTICIZER ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CEMENT PASTE WITH FINE GROUND RECYCLED CONCRETE

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaromír Hrůza ◽  
Zdeněk Prošek
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Nondestructive Method ◽  
Recycled Concrete ◽  
Cement Pastes ◽  
Component Development ◽  
Reference Samples

This article deals with the usage of recycled concrete, which arises from the demolition of concrete structures. The work is focused on the development of mechanical properties (Young's modulus, compressive and flexural strength) depending amount of plasticizer in the mixture. In the experiment were prepared three sets of samples with different amounts of plasticizer (0, 0.5 and 1.0 wt. % of cement). Each pair always contained reference samples (only cement) and 35 wt. % of fine ground recycled concrete. One of the main reasons for the use of finely ground recycled concrete was a certain substitution of cement in the mixture, which is the most expensive component. Development of Young's modulus was measured by the nondestructive method. The aim of the experiment was to determine the effect of plasticizer on the resulting physical and mechanical properties of cement pastes with fine ground recycled concrete.

Densification, Microstructure, and Behavior of Hydroxyapatite Ceramics Sintered by Using Spark Plasma Sintering

2008 ◽  
Vol 130 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Shufeng Li ◽  
Hiroshi Izui ◽  
Michiharu Okano
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Relative Density ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Spark Plasma Sintering ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Plasma Sintering ◽  
Spark Plasma ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

This paper discusses the dependence of the mechanical properties and microstructure of sintered hydroxyapatite (HA) on the sintering temperature and pressure. A set of specimens was prepared from as-received HA powder and sintered by using a spark plasma sintering (SPS) process. The sintering pressures were set at 22.3MPa, 44.6MPa, and 66.9MPa, and sintering was performed in the temperature range from 800°Cto1000°C at each pressure. Mechanisms underlying the interrelated temperature-mechanical and pressure-mechanical properties of dense HA were investigated. The effects of temperature and pressure on the flexural strength, Young’s modulus, fracture toughness, relative density, activation energy, phase stability, and microstructure were assessed. The relative density and grain size increased with an increase in the temperature. The flexural strength and Young’s modulus increased with an increase in the temperature, giving maximum values of 131.5MPa and 75.6GPa, respectively, at a critical temperature of 950°C and 44.6MPa, and the fracture toughness was 1.4MPam1∕2 at 1000°C at 44.6MPa. Increasing the sintering pressure led to acceleration of the densification of HA.

scholarly journals Response of Mechanical Properties of Polyvinyl Chloride Geomembrane to Ambient Temperature in Axial Tension

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 10864
Author(s):  
Xianlei Zhang ◽  
Zhongyang Ma ◽  
Yunyun Wu ◽  
Jianqun Liu
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Axial Tension ◽  
Single Temperature ◽  
Boltzmann Function ◽  
The Difference

Aiming at the mechanical response of geomembrane (GEM) in membrane-faced rockfill dam (MFRD) to different ambient temperatures, the mechanical properties in axial tension of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) GEM were studied by experiment and theoretical analysis. First, fifteen groups of axial tensile tests for longitudinal/transverse specimens were conducted at different temperatures in the temperature environment laboratory, the stress–strain curve and Young’s modulus were obtained, and the variation of Young’s modulus with temperature was analyzed by Boltzmann function fitting. Second, the glass transition temperature of PVC GEM was obtained by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and the difference in mechanical properties between longitudinal and transverse specimens of PVC GEM was analyzed by thermomechanical analyzer (TMA) thermodynamic test. The results showed that the lower the temperature, the greater the Young’s modulus, and the smaller the linear interval of stress and strain, while the higher the temperature, the result is opposite. The difference in mechanical properties between the two directions is related to the ambient temperature. The orientation of polymer structure accounts for the difference in mechanical properties by theoretical analysis. The fitting results of Boltzmann function have a certain reference value for numerical simulation. In design of the membrane impervious structure in MFRD, the ambient temperature should be considered fully, and the longitudinal/transverse welding splicing should be avoided as far as possible. The current test specification should test the mechanical performance of GEM at normal operating temperature of reservoir instead of the test and quality evaluation at a single temperature. The temperature should be considered comprehensively in construction to avoid damaging the performance of impervious structure and ensure the service life.

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