scholarly journals Low-Cost Carbon Fibre Derived from Sustainable Coal Tar Pitch and Polyacrylonitrile: Fabrication and Characterisation

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Zabihi ◽  
Sajjad Shafei ◽  
Seyed Mousa Fakhrhoseini ◽  
Mojtaba Ahmadi ◽  
Hossein Ajdari Nazarloo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Analyses ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Thermal Stabilization ◽  
Electrospinning Process ◽  
Coal Tar Pitch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
The Cost

Preparation of high-value pitch-based carbon fibres (CFs) from mesophase pitch precursor is of great importance towards low-cost CFs. Herein, we developed a method to reduce the cost of CFs precursor through incorporating high loading of coal tar pitch (CTP) into polyacrylonitrile (PAN) polymer solution. The CTP with a loading of 25% and 50% was blended with PAN and their spinnability was examined by electrospinning process. The effect of CTP on thermal stabilization and carbonisation of PAN fibres was investigated by thermal analyses methods. Moreover, electrospun PAN/CTP fibres were carbonised at two different temperatures i.e., 850 °C and 1200 °C and their crystallographic structures of resulting such low-cost PAN/CTP CFs were studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman analyses. Compared to pure PAN CFs, the electrical resistivity of PAN/25% CTP CFs significantly decreased by 92%, reaching 1.6 kΩ/sq. The overall results showed that PAN precursor containing 25% CTP resulted in balanced properties in terms of spinnability, thermal and structural properties. It is believed that CTP has a great potential to be used as an additive for PAN precursor and will pave the way for cost-reduced and high-performance CFs.

Constructing a Bioinformatics Platform with Web and Mobile Services Based on NVIDIA Jetson TK1

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun-Yuan Lin ◽  
Jin Ye ◽  
Che-Lun Hung ◽  
Chung-Hung Wang ◽  
Min Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Power Consumption ◽  
High Performance Computing ◽  
Graphics Processing Units ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Research Direction ◽  
Mobile Services ◽  
Performance Ratio ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Performance Computing

Current high-end graphics processing units (abbreviate to GPUs), such as NVIDIA Tesla, Fermi, Kepler series cards which contain up to thousand cores per-chip, are widely used in the high performance computing fields. These GPU cards (called desktop GPUs) should be installed in personal computers/servers with desktop CPUs; moreover, the cost and power consumption of constructing a high performance computing platform with these desktop CPUs and GPUs are high. NVIDIA releases Tegra K1, called Jetson TK1, which contains 4 ARM Cortex-A15 CPUs and 192 CUDA cores (Kepler GPU) and is an embedded board with low cost, low power consumption and high applicability advantages for embedded applications. NVIDIA Jetson TK1 becomes a new research direction. Hence, in this paper, a bioinformatics platform was constructed based on NVIDIA Jetson TK1. ClustalWtk and MCCtk tools for sequence alignment and compound comparison were designed on this platform, respectively. Moreover, the web and mobile services for these two tools with user friendly interfaces also were provided. The experimental results showed that the cost-performance ratio by NVIDIA Jetson TK1 is higher than that by Intel XEON E5-2650 CPU and NVIDIA Tesla K20m GPU card.

scholarly journals XRD Characterization of the Structure of Graphites and Carbon Materials Obtained by the Low-Temperature Graphitization of Coal Tar Pitch

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ch.N. Barnakov ◽  
G.P. Khokhlova ◽  
A.N. Popova ◽  
S.A. Sozinov ◽  
Z.R. Ismagilov
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Structural Phase ◽  
Coherent Scattering ◽  
Amorphous Structure ◽  
Coal Tar Pitch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Needle Coke ◽  
The Individual

The structure of some commercial graphites and carbon materials (CMs) obtained by the low-temperature catalytic graphitization of coal tar pitch with iron salt, needle coke, foamed graphite as the catalysts has been studied. The study was performed using the X-ray diffraction technique with reflections from base plane and their decomposition into two components corresponding to the structural phases of graphite which have different XRD characteristics. Various CMs were compared with respect to the structural phase ratio, distance between polyarene layers in these phases, and sizes of the coherent scattering regions. The (004) reflection provided a better fit of some properties of graphites to the calculated XRD characteristics as compared to calculation from the (002) reflection. In the case of carbonization of coal tar pitch with investigated catalyst additions, prepared carbon materials have a higher degree of graphitization and a crystallite size greater than in the other case of carbonization of the individual pitch. The highest catalytic activity is shown by foamed graphite. It was found that the use of foamed graphite as the catalyst at 800-900 ºC produced carbon materials possessing a crystalline structure with interplanar spacing close to that in commercial graphites, while in the absence of catalyst the coal tar pitch material has an amorphous structure.

scholarly journals Nanosheets of CuCo2O4 As a High-Performance Electrocatalyst in Urea Oxidation

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Camila Zequine ◽  
Fangzhou Wang ◽  
Xianglin Li ◽  
Deepa Guragain ◽  
S.R. Mishra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Nickel Foam ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Bifunctional Catalyst ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Electroactive Material

The urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is a possible solution to solve the world’s energy crisis. Fuel cells have been used in the UOR to generate hydrogen with a lower potential compared to water splitting, decreasing the costs of energy production. Urea is abundantly present in agricultural waste and in industrial and human wastewater. Besides generating hydrogen, this reaction provides a pathway to eliminate urea, which is a hazard in the environment and to people’s health. In this study, nanosheets of CuCo2O4 grown on nickel foam were synthesized as an electrocatalyst for urea oxidation to generate hydrogen as a green fuel. The synthesized electrocatalyst was characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. The electroactivity of CuCo2O4 towards the oxidation of urea in alkaline solution was evaluated using electrochemical measurements. Nanosheets of CuCo2O4 grown on nickel foam required the potential of 1.36 V in 1 M KOH with 0.33 M urea to deliver a current density of 10 mA/cm2. The CuCo2O4 electrode was electrochemically stable for over 15 h of continuous measurements. The high catalytic activities for the hydrogen evolution reaction make the CuCo2O4 electrode a bifunctional catalyst and a promising electroactive material for hydrogen production. The two-electrode electrolyzer demanded a potential of 1.45 V, which was 260 mV less than that for the urea-free counterpart. Our study suggests that the CuCo2O4 electrode can be a promising material as an efficient UOR catalyst for fuel cells to generate hydrogen at a low cost.

scholarly journals Preparation of Organic Light-Emitting Diode Using Coal Tar Pitch, a Low-Cost Material, for Printable Devices

PLoS ONE ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. e62903 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miki Yamaoka ◽  
Shun-suke Asami ◽  
Nayuta Funaki ◽  
Sho Kimura ◽  
Liao Yingjie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Coal Tar Pitch ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Organic Light Emitting Diode ◽  
Organic Light

Low Cost Environmental Sensors Using Zinc Oxide Nanowires and Nanostructures

2012 ◽  
Vol 1439 ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Mohseni Kiasari ◽  
Saeid Soltanian ◽  
Bobak Gholamkhass ◽  
Peyman Servati
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Metal Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Environmental Sensors ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanowires ◽  
Oxide Nanowires ◽  
Current Voltage

ABSTRACTZinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires (NW) are grown on both silicon and sapphire substrates using conventional chemical vapor deposition (CVD) system. As-grown nanostructures are characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) as well as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and the results confirm high-quality c-axis growth of single-crystalline zinc oxide nanowires. Nanowire are dispersed in solvent and then placed between micro-patterned gold electrodes fabricated on silicon wafers using low cost and scalable dielectrophoresis (DEP) process for fabrication of oxygen and humidity sensors. These sensors are characterized in a vacuum chamber connected to a semiconductor analyzer. Current-voltage characteristics of each device are systematically investigated under different hydrostatic pressure of various gaseous environments such as nitrogen, argon, dry and humid air. It is observed that the electrical conductivity of the nanowires is significantly dependent on the number of oxygen and water molecules adsorbed to the surface of the metal oxide nanowire. These results are critical for development of low cost metal oxide sensors for high performance ubiquitous environmental sensors of oxygen and humidity.

scholarly journals Study of the Carbonization and Graphitization of Coal Tar Pitch Modified with SiC Nanoparticles

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Gubernat ◽  
Tomasz Lis ◽  
Janusz Tomala ◽  
Jakub Kawala ◽  
Aneta Fraczek-Szczypta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Changes ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Coal Tar Pitch ◽  
Crystallite Growth ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sic Nanoparticles ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Ceramic Nanoparticles ◽  
Crystallite Sizes ◽  
Structure And Microstructure

Silicon carbide nanoparticles (nSiC) have been used to modify coal tar pitch (CTP) as a carbon binder. The influence of ceramic nanoparticles on the structure and microstructure was studied. The structure of CTP-based carbon residue with various nSiC contents was analyzed by using SEM with EDAX, Raman spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The effect of ceramic nanofiller on the crystallite sizes (Lc, La) and the c-axis spacing (d002) in carbonized samples after heating from 1000 to 2800°C was analyzed. Ceramic nanofillers inhibit structural changes in carbonized samples heated to 1000°C. After heating CTP with nSiC above 2000°C, the carbon samples contained two carbon components differing in structural ordering. Ceramic nanoparticles increase carbon crystallite growth, while their impact on the c-axis spacing is low.

Concurrent Tolerance Design Based on Manufacturing Cost and Quality Loss

2014 ◽  
Vol 687-691 ◽  
pp. 4996-4999
Author(s):  
Zhang Rong
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Manufacturing Cost ◽  
Tolerance Design ◽  
Quality Loss ◽  
Product Loss ◽  
Parameterized Model ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Design And Manufacture

With the constraints on manufacturing capacity, the satisfaction of product performance and the cost of manufacture are contradictory, the problem between high-performance and low-cost must be solved at the period of design and manufacture for product. To solve this problem, the product loss model has been analyzed, the parameterized and non-parameterized model of anticipant losses has been researched, with concurrent design, in connection with the product with multiple correlated assembly functional dimensions, the relation function between quality loss and process dimension tolerance has been provided, the concurrent tolerance design mathematical model based on lowest-cost and quality loss has been established. The applied case shows that this method has important guiding significance for engineering application.

Phase Constitution and Heat Treatment Behavior of Low Cost Ti-Mn System Alloys

2013 ◽  
Vol 551 ◽  
pp. 217-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Ikeda ◽  
Masato Ueda ◽  
Kaoru Imaizumi ◽  
Mitsuo Niinomi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Metallic Elements ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Phase Constitution ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Fe Alloys ◽  
The Cost

This paper is a review of results for Ti-Mn [1], Ti-Mn-Al [2] and Ti-Mn-Fe [3] alloys that have been previously published. Titanium alloys, especially beta-type titanium alloys, have high specific strength, excellent corrosion resistance and good biocompatibility. Unfortunately, applications of titanium alloys are limited by their relatively higher cost. One reason is the use of rare and expensive metallic elements, such as vanadium and molybdenum, as a beta stabilizer. In order to reduce the cost, inexpensive and abundantly available metallic elements should be used as beta stabilizers. Manganese was adopted as a beta stabilizer because it is an abundant metallic element in the Earth’s crust and is relatively low in cost. The heat treatment behavior of Ti-Mn, Ti-Mn-Al and Ti-Mn-Fe alloys was investigated through electrical resistivity and Vickers hardness measurements, X-ray diffraction measurements to identify phase constitution, and observations using a light microscope [1], [2] and [3].

Study on Preparation of Activated Carbon Precursor from Medium Temperature Coal Tar Pitch

2013 ◽  
Vol 726-731 ◽  
pp. 712-715 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu Guang Ouyang ◽  
Rong Guang Xu
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Carbonization Temperature ◽  
Coal Tar Pitch ◽  
Carbon Precursor ◽  
Optimal Method ◽  
Medium Temperature ◽  
Adsorption Capacities

In order to explore the optimal method to prepare high performance activated carbon precursors from medium temperature coal tar pitch, orthogonal tests are adopted to study the effects of oxygen-blowing time in the pretreatment process as well as carbonization temperature and carbonization time in activation and carbonization processes on the adsorption capacities of activated carbon. Moreover, the effects of additives (coke powder and anionic surfactant) on the adsorption capacities of activated carbon are examined. The results show that the factors affecting the adsorption capacities of pitch-based activated carbon, in order of importance, are carbonization temperature, oxygen-blowing time, carbonization time and additives. The optimal conditions for preparation of activated carbon precursor from medium temperature pitch are: 4h for oxygen-blowing time, 400°C for carbonization temperature, 60 minutes for carbonization time and no additives. The iodine absorption capacity of the prepared activated carbon precursor which is activated for 100 min at 800°C is 1739mg/g.

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