scholarly journals Effect of Heat Treatment on the Compressive Behavior of Zinc Alloy ZA27 Syntactic Foam

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 792 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nima Movahedi ◽  
Graeme Murch ◽  
Irina Belova ◽  
Thomas Fiedler
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Ductile Deformation ◽  
Zinc Alloy ◽  
Syntactic Foams ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Heat Treated

Zinc alloy (ZA27) syntactic foams (SF) were manufactured using expanded perlite (EP) particles and counter-gravity infiltration casting. Due to a variation of the metallic matrix content, the density of the produced foam samples varied from 1.78 to 2.03 g·cm−3. As-cast and solution heat-treated samples were tested to investigate the compressive properties of the ZA27 syntactic foam. To this end, quasi-static compression tests were conducted. In addition, microstructural analysis of the as-cast and heat-treated syntactic foams was carried out using scanning electron microscopy. The results indicate that the heat treatment alters the microstructure of the ZA27 alloy matrix from a multiphase dendrite to a spheroidized microstructure with improved ductility. Moreover, the heat treatment considerably enhances the energy absorption and plateau stress ( σ pl ) of the syntactic foam. Optical analysis of the syntactic foams under compression shows that the dominant deformation mechanism of the as-cast foams is brittle fracture. In comparison, the heat-treated samples undergo a more ductile deformation.

scholarly journals Functionally-Graded Metallic Syntactic Foams Produced via Particle Pre-Compaction

Metals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Fiedler ◽  
Nima Movahedi ◽  
Lucas York ◽  
Steffen Broxtermann
Keyword(s):  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Syntactic Foams ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Graded Materials ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
X Ray Imaging ◽  
Foam Properties ◽  
A356 Aluminum ◽  
Particle Beds

This paper introduces a novel functionally graded metallic syntactic foam. The investigated foams are manufactured while using infiltration casting where molten A356 aluminum flows into the interstitial voids of packed expanded perlite (EP) particle beds. The partial pre-compaction of particle beds enables the creation of distinct and reproducible density gradients within the syntactic foam. In this study, the samples are produced using four gradually increasing compaction forces and are compared to non-compacted samples. X-ray imaging is used to detect the resulting spatial variation of foam density. In addition, quasi-static compression tests are performed to determine the mechanical foam properties. The results suggest that particle pre-compaction is an efficient tool for tailoring the density and mechanical properties of these novel functionally graded materials.

scholarly journals Manufacturing, Heat Treatment and Investigation of Foam-Filled Tubes

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Domonkos Balázs Kincses ◽  
Alexandra Kemény ◽  
Borbála Leveles ◽  
Dóra Károly
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Metal Foam ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Metal Foams ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Pressure Infiltration ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Heat Treated

Abstract Composite metal foams are hybrid structures with the main advantages of high specific strength and mechanical energy absorption associated with low density. In the course of our research, we successfully manufactured functional metal foams of EN AC-44200 matrix filled with lightweight expanded clay aggregate particles (LECAPs) in EN AW-6060 alloy tubes with a diameter of 50 mm and a wall thickness of 5 mm. Manufacturing was performed by low-pressure infiltration directly into the aluminium tube. Six different types of samples were examined: metal matrix syntactic foam, in-situ metal foam, ex-situ metal foam, and their heat-treated pairs. In the compression tests, the heat treatment provided a visible improvement in the results of the ex-situ metal foams.

Precipitates in Biomedical Co-Cr-Mo-C-Si-Mn Alloys

2011 ◽  
Vol 277 ◽  
pp. 51-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Narushima ◽  
Alfirano ◽  
S. Mineta ◽  
Shigenobu Namba ◽  
Takashi Yoneda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Carbon Activity ◽  
Holding Time ◽  
Dissolution Behavior ◽  
Stripe Pattern ◽  
Compound C ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Type Carbide

The phase and dissolution behavior of precipitates in biomedical ASTM F75 Co-Cr-Mo-C-Si-Mn alloys were investigated. Alloys of five different compositions, Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C-1Si, Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C-1Mn, Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.25C-1Si-1Mn, Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.15C-1Si, and Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.35C-1Si, were heat-treated from 1448 to 1548 K. The precipitates observed in the as-cast and heat-treated alloys were carbides (M23C6type, h-phase, and p-phase) and an intermetallic compound (c-phase). The main precipitates observed after heat treatment at high temperatures such as 1548 K were p-phase and M23C6type carbide. At these high temperatures, two types of starlike precipitates—dense and stripe-patterned—were observed. The starlike-dense precipitate was the p-phase, and the starlike precipitate with a stripe pattern was identified as the M23C6type carbide and metallic fcc g-phase. In the alloys heat-treated at 1448 to 1498 K, blocky-dense M23C6type carbide was primarily observed. c-phase was detected in the Co-28Cr-6Mo-0.15C-1Si alloy under as-cast condition and after heat treatment at 1448–1523 K for a short holding time. The addition of Si seemed to increase the holding time for complete precipitate dissolution because of the effects of Si on the promotion of p-phase formation at high temperatures and the increased carbon activity in the metallic matrix.

scholarly journals Process for obtaining synthetic foam with aluminum matrix Al-5052 by method of tixoinfiltration

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joao Roberto Sartori Moreno ◽  
Rafael Claudiano de Moraes ◽  
Joao Paulo de Oliveira Paschoal ◽  
Rodrigo Henrique Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Metallic Matrix ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Acoustic Properties ◽  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Metallic Foams ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
X Ray

The metallic foams have lower density, and important physical, mechanical, thermal and acoustic properties, has been highlighted in its use in innovative technologies. As a subgroup of the class of metallic foams, the syntactic metallic foams which consists of the addition of hollow ceramic balloons in a metallic matrix in aluminum Al-5052 by process of tixoinfiltration. The microstructure was studied by optical and electron microscopy extended by energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry, while the basic mechanical properties were mapped by standardized compression tests. Therefore, a syntactic foam design was developed in this work, where we obtained a 30% reduction in density and a reasonable increase in hardness due to the homogeneous dispersion of the ceramic balloons

Structure Properties Relationship Studies of Vinyl Ester Hybrid Syntactic Foam

2021 ◽  
pp. 368-394
Author(s):  
Pravin R. Kubade ◽  
Amol N. Patil ◽  
Hrushikesh B. Kulkarni
Keyword(s):  
Vinyl Ester ◽  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Fracture Mechanisms ◽  
Syntactic Foams ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Deformation And Fracture ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Fly Ash Cenosphere ◽  
Izod Impact

Syntactic foam is the porous composite produced by mixing prefabricated hollow spherical particle into the matrix. Syntactic foams are used as energy absorption sandwich core for several applications like marine, automotive, and aerospace. In this work, low density hollow glass microspheres are hybridized with fly ash cenosphere in Bisphenol-A epoxy-based vinyl ester matrix. Hybrid syntactic foams is created with 60% total filler content. Within these hybrid systems internal composition of two fillers were varied in a step of 25 vol% with respect to each other. Hybrid syntactic foams are prepared by the hand lay-up (molding) method. The physical characterization parameter contains density and matrix porosity whereas tensile, quasi-static compression, flexural (3-point bending), Izod impact, and micro Vickers hardness are grouped as mechanical characterization parameters. Scanning electron microscopy was performed on fractured surfaces to examine deformation and fracture mechanisms related with each loading condition.

Microscopic Studies of Syntactic Foams Tested Under Three-Point Bending Conditions

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikhil Gupta ◽  
Eyassu Woldesenbet
Keyword(s):  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Syntactic Foam ◽  
Local Stress ◽  
Core Material ◽  
Syntactic Foams ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Three Point Bending ◽  
Microscopic Studies ◽  
Stress States ◽  
Point Bend

Use of syntactic foam as core material in the sandwich structured composites is increasing due to its higher compressive strength, damage tolerance and low moisture absorption compared to the open cell structured foams. Extensive microscopic examination of the syntactic foams tested under compressive and three-point bending conditions is undertaken in this study. The aim of the investigation is to determine the local fracture mode and correlate it with the microscopic structure of the material. Local stress states are identified in the material based on the microscopic fracture features. Syntactic foam tested in the study has resin to microballoons ratio of 1.52 by weight. Compression tests were conducted on the syntactic foam specimens having two different aspect rations, which were 0.4 and 0.91. Three-point bend tests were conducted on the sandwich structures containing syntactic foam as core material and glass fabric as the skin material.

scholarly journals Effect of Strain Hardening on Precipitation Kinetics in ATI 718Plus

2017 ◽  
Vol 907 ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Bilal Hassan ◽  
Yann Jansen ◽  
Sebastien Nouveau ◽  
Jonathan Corney
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Strain Hardening ◽  
Inconel 718 ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Precipitation Kinetics ◽  
Phase Precipitation ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Δ Phase

ATI 718Plus components are manufactured by forging a wrought billet in stages to obtain the desired geometry and microstructure. Parts are then heat treated to optimized proportions of γ’ and η phases. η phase is a plate-like phase that precipitates on the grain boundaries of ATI 718Plus, similar to δ phase in Inconel 718. However, the complete kinetic behaviour of η phase precipitation during forging and heat treatment is still not fully understood. This paper investigates the effects of strain hardening on η phase precipitation kinetics in ATI 718Plus. This is achieved through the use of isothermal hot compression tests and heat treatment. Strain hardening was found to affect the η precipitation kinetics considerably. The results reported are a contribution to a fuller understanding of this important process

scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatment on Dynamic Properties of an Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Shuangyin Zhang ◽  
Yunfei Wang ◽  
Tao Suo ◽  
Jin Yao ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dynamic Compressive Strength ◽  
Size And Morphology

Heat treatment processing is commonly applied for additively manufactured metal materials, since the as-fabricated material frequently exhibits high internal stress and self-cracking. In this work, a heat treatment route was applied to an additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and its effect on the dynamic compressive behavior was investigated. The experimental results showed that the heat treatment process not only increased the dynamic compressive strength of the material, but also induced a change of the dynamic compressive strength from isotropic to anisotropic. In addition, the strain rate sensitivity of the material was reduced by heat treatment, even though both the as-deposited and heat-treated samples demonstrated positive sensitivity to the loading rate. Microstructural analysis suggested that the grain size and morphology were the same before and after heat treatment, while the internal stress increased due to heat treatment.

scholarly journals Microstructure and Wear Behavior of TiC/AISI 1020 Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Liquid Pressing Infiltration

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (20) ◽  
pp. 9682
Author(s):  
Heejeong Kim ◽  
Jungyu Park ◽  
Sangmin Shin ◽  
Seungchan Cho ◽  
Junghwan Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Wear Resistance ◽  
Metal Matrix Composite ◽  
Matrix Composite ◽  
Metal Matrix ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Steel Matrix ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Aisi 52100

A metal matrix composite was developed through a unique liquid pressing infiltration process to study the wear mechanism of a TiC reinforced AISI 1020 steel matrix. The microstructure, hardness, and wear behaviors of the TiC/AISI 1020 composite were compared with commercial AISI 52100 bearing steel. Microstructural analysis showed that there were no defects, such as pores or agglomeration of reinforcement particles, and about 60% of the volume of TiC was uniformly dispersed. In the case of the AISI 52100 alloy, the hardness was 62.42 HRC, which was similar to the 62.84 HRC value of the as-cast TiC/AISI 1020 composite. After the quenching heat treatment, the Rockwell hardness of the composite increased to 76.64 HRC, which was attributed to the martensitic transformation of the AISI 1020 matrix. As a result of the pin-on-disc wear test with high contact pressure, the wear width of AISI 52100 was 2937 μm, which was approximately 4.3 times wider than that of the heat-treated metal matrix composite (682 μm). The wear depths of AISI 52100 and the heat-treated composite were 2.6 μm and 0.5 μm, respectively, indicating that TiC/AISI 1020 exhibited excellent wear resistance compared with bearing steel. Improved wear resistance of the TiC/AISI 1020 composite originates from uniformly distributed TiC, with an increase in the hardness due to the heat treatment.

Quasi-State Compressive Properties of Functionally Graded Aluminum Matrix Syntactic Foams

2021 ◽  
Vol 1035 ◽  
pp. 878-883
Author(s):  
Ming Ming Su ◽  
Mo Qiu Li ◽  
Thomas Fiedler ◽  
Hai Hao
Keyword(s):  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Aluminum Matrix ◽  
Stir Casting ◽  
Functionally Graded ◽  
Small Range ◽  
Syntactic Foams ◽  
Compression Tests ◽  
Static Compression ◽  
Plateau Stress

The uniform aluminum matrix syntactic foams (SFs) were prepared by the stir casting method, with alumina hollow spheres (2-3 mm and 3-4 mm) and expanded glass (2-3 mm) as reinforcements, and ZL111 aluminum alloy as matrix. The functionally graded aluminum matrix syntactic foams (FG-SFs) were obtained by superimposing two uniform aluminum matrix syntactic foams. Quasi-static compression tests were performed. The plateau stress of FG-SFs containing only hollow spheres decreased slightly with increasing volume fraction of SF containing 3-4 mm hollow spheres. The FG-SFs containing 2-3 mm hollow spheres and 2-3 mm expanded glass showed the highest plateau stress. The energy absorption behavior of all samples fluctuated in a small range. The initial position of shear band depended on the volume fraction of uniform aluminum matrix syntactic foams, reinforcement type and size. The cracks always appeared first in the uniform aluminum matrix syntactic foams containing expanded glass.

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