scholarly journals The Effect of Heat Treatment on Dynamic Properties of an Additively Manufactured Ti-6Al-4V Alloy

Crystals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
Shuangyin Zhang ◽  
Yunfei Wang ◽  
Tao Suo ◽  
Jin Yao ◽  
Xin Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Internal Stress ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Dynamic Compressive Strength ◽  
Size And Morphology

Heat treatment processing is commonly applied for additively manufactured metal materials, since the as-fabricated material frequently exhibits high internal stress and self-cracking. In this work, a heat treatment route was applied to an additively manufactured Ti-6Al-4V alloy, and its effect on the dynamic compressive behavior was investigated. The experimental results showed that the heat treatment process not only increased the dynamic compressive strength of the material, but also induced a change of the dynamic compressive strength from isotropic to anisotropic. In addition, the strain rate sensitivity of the material was reduced by heat treatment, even though both the as-deposited and heat-treated samples demonstrated positive sensitivity to the loading rate. Microstructural analysis suggested that the grain size and morphology were the same before and after heat treatment, while the internal stress increased due to heat treatment.

Failure analysis of heat treated HSLA wheel bolt steels

2010 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 373-382
Author(s):  
Ali Nazari ◽  
Shadi Riahi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Boron Steel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Molybdenum Steel ◽  
Optimum Heat

PurposeThe aims of this study is to analyze failure of two types of high‐strength low‐alloy (HSLA) steels which are used in wheel bolts 10.9 grade, boron steel and chromium‐molybdenum steel, before and after heat treatment.Design/methodology/approachThe optimum heat treatment to obtain the best tensile behavior was determined and Charpy impact and Rockwell hardness tests were performed on the two steel types before and after the optimum heat treating.FindingsFractographic studies show a ductile fracture for heat‐treated boron steel while indicate a semi‐brittle fracture for heat‐treated chromium‐molybdenum steel. Formation of a small boron carbide amount during heat treating of boron steel results in increment the bolt's tensile strength while the ductility did not changed significantly. In the other hand, formation of chromium and molybdenum carbides during heat treating of chromium‐molybdenum steel increased the bolt's tensile strength with a considerable reduction in the final ductility.Originality/valueThis paper evaluates failure analysis of HSLA wheel bolt steels and compares their microstructure before and after the loading regime.

The Simultaneous Effect of Extrusion Ratio and Solution Heat Treatment on the Microstructure and Tensile Properties of Extruded Al-15%Mg2Si- 1.0%Gd Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 1010 ◽  
pp. 166-171
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Ghandvar ◽  
Wan Famin Faiz ◽  
Tuty Asma Abu Bakar ◽  
Mohd Hasbullah Idris
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Ductile Fracture ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Solution Heat Treatment ◽  
Extrusion Ratio ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Surface Examination ◽  
Strength And Ductility

The effect of extrusion ratios and solution heat treatment on microstructure and tensile properties of extruded Al-15%Mg2Si-1.0%Gd composite was investigated. The as-cast composite was hot extruded using three different dies and solution heat treated. After conducting heat treatment on extruded samples, microstructure alteration was examined using scanning electron microscope (SEM). Furthermore, mechanical properties of the composites were studied with tensile test. The results demonstrated that extruded and heat treated composite possesses higher strength and ductility compared to as-extruded composites. It was also found that the extrusion and heat treatment processes altered the morphology of primary Mg2Si particles as well as reduction in their size especially when the extrusion ratio increases. Fracture surface examination revealed a transition from ductile fracture in as-extruded samples to more ductile fracture in extruded and heat treated ones. This can be attributed to the change in size and morphology of primary Mg2Si particles as well as fragmentation of Gd intermetallic compounds.

scholarly journals Study on the Properties of Transparent Bamboo Prepared by Epoxy Resin Impregnation

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 863 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wu ◽  
Yajing Wang ◽  
Feng Yang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Xuehua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Visible Light ◽  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Different Parts

In this paper, Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys heterocycle) before and after heat treatment were used as raw materials to prepare transparent bamboo (TB). In an acidic environment, the lignin contained in the bamboo material was removed to obtain a bamboo template, and an epoxy resin similar to the cellulose refractive index was used for vacuum impregnation into the bamboo template to obtain a transparent bamboo material. The purpose of this study was to compare the physical and chemical properties of TB and original bamboo and the differences between TBs before and after heat treatment, taken from different parts of bamboo, in order to explore the performance advantages and disadvantages of TB as a new material. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR), scanning electron microscope testing (SEM), three elements analysis, light transmittance testing, and mechanical strength testing were used to study the molecular composition, microstructure, chemical composition, light transmittance, and tensile strength of the TB samples. The results showed that the lignin content of the delignified bamboo templates was greatly reduced. In addition, the SEM images showed that a large amount of epoxy resin (type E51 and type B210 curing agent) was covered on the cross-section surface and pores of the TB samples. The FTIR showed that the epoxy molecular groups appeared on the TB, and the delignified bamboo template and the resin had a good synergy effect. According to the light transmittance testing, the original bamboo samples hardly contained light transmittance under visible light. The transmittance of transparent inner bamboo (TIB) and transparent heat-treated inner bamboo (THIB) could reach about 11%, and the transmittance of transparent outer bamboo (TOB) and transparent heat-treated outer bamboo (THOB) was about 2%. The light transmittance had been significantly improved when compared with the original bamboo samples. The transmittances of the TB samples before and after heat treatment in different parts of bamboo were different. In the visible light irradiation range, the light transmittances of TB samples were as follows: TIB > THIB and THOB > TOB. Meanwhile, the tensile strength of TB was reduced, especially for TOB and THOB. In addition, TB has a wide range of raw materials, and the preparation process is environmentally friendly. It can be used for decorative materials in homes, buildings, etc., and has a great application potential.

Incremental Forming for Aluminum Automotive Technology

2005 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergey F. Golovashchenko ◽  
Al Krause ◽  
Alan J. Gillard
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Microstructural Analysis ◽  
Material Structure ◽  
Treatment Regimes ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Deformation And Heat Treatment ◽  
Automotive Panels ◽  
Heat Treatment Regimes ◽  
Complex Parts

Insufficient formability can be a major issue in the manufacturing of complex parts, particularly in aluminum alloys that have less formability when compared to steel. The approach which is the subject of this work is to determine the technical feasibility of partial forming, followed by a fast heat treatment and then further deformation. Alloys for consideration would include both 5xxx and 6xxx alloys typically used on interior and exterior automotive panels. The heat treatment regimes used for 6xxx alloys did not affect the material structure, which was confirmed by microstructural analysis and comparison of mechanical properties before and after the heat treatment. Experiments on 5xxx alloys indicated relative improvement of 300% or more. Regimes of material deformation and heat treatment will be presented.

The Microstructure and Compression Behavior of Multi-Step Forging Ti-45Al-8Nb Alloy after Annealing at 1100 °C

2013 ◽  
Vol 747-748 ◽  
pp. 111-114
Author(s):  
Lin Song ◽  
Xiang Jun Xu ◽  
Jun Pin Lin ◽  
Lai Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Air Cooling ◽  
Test Machine ◽  
Compressive Properties ◽  
Compression Behavior ◽  
Microstructure Change ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After

Effects of annealing treatment on microstructure and the compressive properties of hot-worked Ti-45Al-8Nb-(W, B, Y) alloy were investigated. Microstructure of the extrusion plus multi-step forging pancake before and after heat treatment was analyzed by SEM and TEM, respectively. The annealing was conducted by holding samples at 1100°C for 2hrs, and followed by air cooling and furnace cooling. The mechanical properties were measured by Instron test machine. The microstructure evolution during compressive deformation was analyzed by TEM. The results showed that after the annealing the microstructure change could not be observed under SEM but can be observed under TEM. Many dislocation clusters were removed by heat treatment. The heat treated samples had similar compression behaviors with the pancake. TEM investigation showed that the numerous twin intersections occured in γ matrix during compression. The twin spaces tended to decrease as the deformation and the intersection increasing.

OPTIMIZATION of DYNAMIC CH4 GAS HEAT TREATMENT OF NANOCRYSTALLINE STRONTIUM HEXAFERRITE

2012 ◽  
Vol 05 ◽  
pp. 752-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. DEHGHAN ◽  
S. A. SEYYED EBRAHIMI ◽  
H. R. KOOHDAR
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Phase Composition ◽  
Strontium Hexaferrite ◽  
Gas Flows ◽  
Optimum Conditions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Heating And Cooling ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Magnetic Nature

In this research the influence of dynamic CH 4 heat treatment on Sr -hexaferrite has been investigated. With the gas heat treatment, the phase composition, particles size and the morphology of Sr -hexaferrite change significantly. Due to this, the hard magnetic nature of the material changes from hard to soft. The strontium hexaferrite powder was prepared by conventional route with calcination of the mixture of strontium carbonate and hematite at 1100°C for 1 hour. Then the resultant Sr -hexaferrite was isothermally heat treated in methane dynamic atmosphere at various temperatures and gas flows for different times. The rate of heating and cooling were 10°C/min. The optimum conditions were obtained at 950°C and 15CC/min flow for 0.5 hour. The effects of gas heat treatment on the phase composition and the particles size and morphology were characterized by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Vibration Sample Magnetometery (VSM) techniques. The results show the decomposition of Sr -hexaferrite and reduction of the resultant hematite mainly to iron. The crystallite size of the resultant iron was also measured below 50nm.

Casting and Heat Treatment of Turbocharger Impellers Thixocast from Alloy 201

2012 ◽  
Vol 192-193 ◽  
pp. 556-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiang Zhu ◽  
Stephen Midson ◽  
Chang Wei Ming ◽  
Helen V. Atkinson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treatment Condition ◽  
Hot Tearing ◽  
Alloy Casting ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Optimum Heat ◽  
Semi Solid ◽  
Optimum Heat Treatment

Commercial semi-solid cast impellers are produced from Al-Si-Cu alloys heat treated to the T6 temper. The study described in this paper involved the identification of casting and heat treatment parameters to produce semi-solid processed turbocharger impellers from a silicon-free, higher strength 201 alloy. Casting parameters were identified which minimized hot tearing in the alloy 201 impellers. A series of heat treatment studies were performed to determine optimum heat treatment parameters. The T71 temper was identified as the preferred heat treatment condition to produce high strength as well as superior elongation. The results from mechanical property measurements conducted on the T71 heat treated impellers are reported. Optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also used to characterize the microstructure of alloy 201 impellers before and after heat treatment, and representative microstructures are presented.

The Effect of Semi-Solid Parameters on the Microstructure and Hardness of High Chromium Cast Irons

2010 ◽  
Vol 457 ◽  
pp. 84-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Inanlou ◽  
S. Hossein Seyedein ◽  
M. Reza Aboutalebi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Casting Process ◽  
Cast Irons ◽  
Inclined Plate ◽  
Cooling Plate ◽  
High Chromium ◽  
Primary Austenite ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Semi Solid

High chromium cast iron samples of 14% Cr and 24% Cr were produced in sand and permanent mold using semi-solid casting process. A series of experiments were carried out to clarify the effect of copper cooling plate and mold cooling rate on microstructure, particularly morphology and sphericity of primary austenite, hardness and heat treatment cycles. Results show that for 14% Cr and 24% cast irons casting at 10 and 15 degrees of inclined plate result in better sphericity and distribution of primary austenite and carbides. Moreover hardness comparison of both semi-solid iron alloys using copper cooling plate at of this special morphologies resulted from cooling plate investigated by making them heat treat at 1050 centigrade °C for 1 and 2 hours. Hardness results show both heat treated 14 and 24% Cr alloy in 1 hours have hardness comparable with those alloys traditionally cast optimum angles with respect to conventional casting show higher hardness in every condition. Effect but heat treated in 2 hours. Finally X-Ray diffraction pattern taken from specimens before and after heat treatment confirmed with observed phases in optical microscopy before and after heat treatment.

Wettability of Heat-Treated Wood

Holzforschung ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 301-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pétrissans ◽  
P. Gérardin ◽  
I. El bakali ◽  
M. Serraj
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Water Drop ◽  
Chemical Change ◽  
Treated Wood ◽  
Untreated Wood ◽  
Adsorbed Water ◽  
Inert Atmosphere ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After

Summary The aim of this work was to study the wettability and chemical composition of heat-treated wood. Heat treatment was performed at 240°C under inert atmosphere on four European wood species (pine, spruce, beech and poplar). Contact angle measurements before and after treatment indicated a significant increase in wood hydrophobicity. Advancing contact angles of a water drop were in all cases systematically higher for heat-treated than for untreated wood. Chemical modifications of wood after heat treatment were investigated using FTIR and 13C NMR analysis. FTIR spectra indicated little structural change which could be attributed either to carbon-carbon double bond formation or to adsorbed water. NMR spectra also revealed little chemical change except for the degree of cellulose crystallinity which was considerably higher in heat-treated wood and could explain the higher contact angles.

Characterization of Ni-P and Ni-P-Al2O3 Heat Treated Layers

2017 ◽  
Vol 1143 ◽  
pp. 26-31
Author(s):  
Lucica Balint ◽  
Gina Genoveva Istrate
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Composite Coatings ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Initial State ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Heat Treated ◽  
Before And After

Research has shown the relationship among hardness, usage and corrosion resistance Ni-P-Al2O3 composite coatings on steel support heat treated. The electroless strips were heat treated at 200°C, 300°C, 400°C, 500°C and 600°C. Further studies on corrosion, hardness and usage revealed changes in properties, compared to the initial state, both on the strips coated with Ni-P and the ones coated with Ni-P-Al2O3 composite. The samples have been studied before and after the heat treatment via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Analysis (EDX) and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD). The results show that untreated Ni-P layers exhibit strong corrosion resistance, while hardness and usage increase with heat treatment temperature, with a peak at 400 °C. Using suspended particles co-deposition, led to new types of layers, some with excellent hardness and usage properties. Corrosion resistance increase with heat treatment. Coating layers can be adjusted to the desired characteristics, by selecting proper parameters for the expected specific results.

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