scholarly journals Bioactive Sphene-Based Ceramic Coatings on cpTi Substrates for Dental Implants: An In Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamada Elsayed ◽  
Giulia Brunello ◽  
Chiara Gardin ◽  
Letizia Ferroni ◽  
Denis Badocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Ceramic Coatings ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation Medium ◽  
Alizarin Red

Titanium implant surface modifications have been widely investigated to favor the process of osseointegration. The present work aimed to evaluate the effect of sphene (CaTiSiO5) biocoating, on titanium substrates, on the in vitro osteogenic differentiation of Human Adipose-Derived Stem Cells (hADSCs). Sphene bioceramic coatings were prepared using preceramic polymers and nano-sized active fillers and deposited by spray coating. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) analysis, surface roughness measurements and X-ray diffraction analysis were performed. The chemical stability of the coatings in Tris-HCl solution was investigated. In vitro studies were performed by means of proliferation test of hADSCs seeded on coated and uncoated samples after 21 days. Methyl Thiazolyl-Tetrazolium (MTT) test and immunofluorescent staining with phalloidin confirmed the in vitro biocompatibility of both substrates. In vitro osteogenic differentiation of the cells was evaluated using Alizarin Red S staining and quantification assay and real-time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction). When hADSCs were cultured in the presence of Osteogenic Differentiation Medium, a significantly higher accumulation of calcium deposits onto the sphene-coated surfaces than on uncoated controls was detected. Osteogenic differentiation on both samples was confirmed by PCR. The proposed coating seems to be promising for dental and orthopedic implants, in terms of composition and deposition technology.

scholarly journals A novel in vitro assay to study chondrocyte-to-osteoblast transdifferentiation

Endocrine ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam E. A. Tschaffon ◽  
Stefan O. Reber ◽  
Astrid Schoppa ◽  
Sayantan Nandi ◽  
Ion C. Cirstea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Immunofluorescent Staining ◽  
Marker Genes ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation Medium ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Osteogenic Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Lineage

Abstract Purpose Endochondral ossification, which involves transdifferentiation of chondrocytes into osteoblasts, is an important process involved in the development and postnatal growth of most vertebrate bones as well as in bone fracture healing. To study the basic molecular mechanisms of this process, a robust and easy-to-use in vitro model is desirable. Therefore, we aimed to develop a standardized in vitro assay for the transdifferentiation of chondrogenic cells towards the osteogenic lineage. Methods Murine chondrogenic ATDC5 cells were differentiated into the chondrogenic lineage for seven days and subsequently differentiated towards the osteogenic direction. Gene expression analysis of pluripotency, as well as chondrogenic and osteogenic markers, cell–matrix staining, and immunofluorescent staining, were performed to assess the differentiation. In addition, the effects of Wnt3a and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) on the transdifferentiation were tested by their addition to the osteogenic differentiation medium. Results Following osteogenic differentiation, chondrogenically pe-differentiated cells displayed the expression of pluripotency and osteogenic marker genes as well as alkaline phosphatase activity and a mineralized matrix. Co-expression of Col2a1 and Col1a1 after one day of osteogenic differentiation indicated that osteogenic cells had differentiated from chondrogenic cells. Wnt3a increased and LPS decreased transdifferentiation towards the osteogenic lineage. Conclusion We successfully established a rapid, standardized in vitro assay for the transdifferentiation of chondrogenic cells into osteogenic cells, which is suitable for testing the effects of different compounds on this cellular process.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Surface Change and Roughness in Implants Lost Due to Peri-Implantitis Using Erbium Laser and Various Methods: An In Vitro Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2602
Author(s):  
Aslihan Secgin-Atar ◽  
Gokce Aykol-Sahin ◽  
Necla Asli Kocak-Oztug ◽  
Funda Yalcin ◽  
Aslan Gokbuget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Laser ◽  
Short Pulse ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Short Pulse Laser ◽  
Laser Group ◽  
Long Pulse

The aim of our study was to obtain similar surface properties and elemental composition to virgin implants after debridement of contaminated titanium implant surfaces covered with debris. Erbium-doped:yttrium, aluminum, and garnet (Er:YAG) laser, erbium, chromium-doped:yttrium, scandium, gallium, and garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser, curette, and ultrasonic device were applied to contaminated implant surfaces. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images were taken, the elemental profile of the surfaces was evaluated with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and the surface roughness was analyzed with profilometry. Twenty-eight failed implants and two virgin implants as control were included in the study. The groups were designed accordingly; titanium curette group, ultrasonic scaler with polyetheretherketone (PEEK) tip, Er: YAG very short pulse laser group (100 μs, 120 mJ/pulse 10 Hz), Er: YAG short-pulse laser group (300 μs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er: YAG long-pulse laser group (600 μs, 120 mJ/pulse, 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG1 laser group (1 W 10 Hz), Er, Cr: YSGG2 laser group (1.5 W, 30 Hz). In each group, four failed implants were debrided for 120 s. When SEM images and EDX findings and profilometry results were evaluated together, Er: YAG long pulse and ultrasonic groups were found to be the most effective for debridement. Furthermore, the two interventions have shown the closest topography of the sandblasted, large grit, acid-etched implant surface (SLA) as seen on virgin implants.

scholarly journals Rhamnolipid Coating Reduces Microbial Biofilm Formation on Titanium Implants: an in-vitro Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Tambone ◽  
Emiliana Bonomi ◽  
Paolo Ghensi ◽  
Devid Maniglio ◽  
Chiara Ceresa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

Abstract Background: Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are biofilm-related diseases causing major concern in oral implantology, requiring complex anti-infective procedures or implant removal. Microbial biosurfactants emerged as new of anti-biofilm agents for coating implantable devices preserving biocompatibility. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of rhamnolipid biosurfactant R89 (R89BS) to reduce Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation on titanium. Methods: R89BS was physically adsorbed on titanium discs (TDs) and the ability of coated TDs to inhibit biofilm formation was evaluated by quantifying biofilm biomass and cell metabolic activity, at different time-points, with respect to uncoated controls. A qualitative analysis of sessile cells was also performed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: R89BS-coated discs showed no cytotoxic effects on normal lung fibroblasts (MRC5). TDs coated with 4 mg/mL R89BS inhibited the biofilm biomass of S. aureus by 98%, 49% and 10% and of S. epidermidis by 53%, 29%, and 10% at 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. A significant reduction of the biofilm metabolic activity was also documented. The same coating applied on three commercial implant surfaces resulted in a biomass inhibition higher than 90% for S. aureus, and up to 75% for S. epidermidis at 24 h. Conclusions: R89BS-coating was effective in reducing Staphylococcus biofilm formation at the titanium implant surface. The anti-biofilm action can be obtained on several different commercially available implant surfaces, independently of their surface morphology.

scholarly journals Rhamnolipid coating reduces microbial biofilm formation on titanium implants: an in vitro study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Tambone ◽  
Emiliana Bonomi ◽  
Paolo Ghensi ◽  
Devid Maniglio ◽  
Chiara Ceresa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

Abstract Background Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are biofilm-related diseases causing major concern in oral implantology, requiring complex anti-infective procedures or implant removal. Microbial biosurfactants emerged as new anti-biofilm agents for coating implantable devices preserving biocompatibility. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of rhamnolipid biosurfactant R89 (R89BS) to reduce Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation on titanium. Methods R89BS was physically adsorbed on titanium discs (TDs). Cytotoxicity of coated TDs was evaluated on normal lung fibroblasts (MRC5) using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. The ability of coated TDs to inhibit biofilm formation was evaluated by quantifying biofilm biomass and cell metabolic activity, at different time-points, with respect to uncoated controls. A qualitative analysis of sessile bacteria was also performed by scanning electron microscopy. Results R89BS-coated discs showed no cytotoxic effects. TDs coated with 4 mg/mL R89BS inhibited the biofilm biomass of S. aureus by 99%, 47% and 7% and of S. epidermidis by 54%, 29%, and 10% at 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. A significant reduction of the biofilm metabolic activity was also documented. The same coating applied on three commercial implant surfaces resulted in a biomass inhibition higher than 90% for S. aureus, and up to 78% for S. epidermidis at 24 h. Conclusions R89BS-coating was effective in reducing Staphylococcus biofilm formation at the titanium implant surface. The anti-biofilm action can be obtained on several different commercially available implant surfaces, independently of their surface morphology.

scholarly journals Osteoblastic Differentiation on Graphene Oxide-Functionalized Titanium Surfaces: An In Vitro Study

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 654
Author(s):  
Roberta Di Carlo ◽  
Antonello Di Crescenzo ◽  
Serena Pilato ◽  
Alessia Ventrella ◽  
Adriano Piattelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Osteoblastic Differentiation ◽  
Host Tissue ◽  
Cytotoxic Response ◽  
Titanium Surfaces

Background: Titanium implant surfaces are continuously modified to improve biocompatibility and to promote osteointegration. Graphene oxide (GO) has been successfully used to ameliorate biomaterial performances, in terms of implant integration with host tissue. The aim of this study is to evaluate the Dental Pulp Stem Cells (DPSCs) viability, cytotoxic response, and osteogenic differentiation capability in the presence of GO-coated titanium surfaces. Methods: Two titanium discs types, machined (control, Crtl) and sandblasted and acid-etched (test, Test) discs, were covalently functionalized with GO. The ability of the GO-functionalized substrates to allow the proliferation and differentiation of DPSCs, as well as their cytotoxic potential, were assessed. Results: The functionalization procedures provide a homogeneous coating with GO of the titanium surface in both control and test substrates, with unchanged surface roughness with respect to the untreated surfaces. All samples show the deposition of extracellular matrix, more pronounced in the test and GO-functionalized test discs. GO-functionalized test samples evidenced a significant viability, with no cytotoxic response and a remarkable early stage proliferation of DPSCs cells, followed by their successful differentiation into osteoblasts. Conclusions: The described protocol of GO-functionalization provides a novel not cytotoxic biomaterial that is able to stimulate cell viability and that better and more quickly induces osteogenic differentiation with respect to simple titanium discs. Our findings pave the way to exploit this GO-functionalization protocol for the production of novel dental implant materials that display improved integration with the host tissue.

scholarly journals Rhamnolipid coating reduces microbial biofilm formation on titanium implants: an in-vitro study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erica Tambone ◽  
Emiliana Bonomi ◽  
Paolo Ghensi ◽  
Devid Maniglio ◽  
Chiara Ceresa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Titanium Implant ◽  
Titanium Implants ◽  
Lung Fibroblasts ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Rhamnolipid Biosurfactant

Abstract Background: Peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis are biofilm-related diseases causing major concern in oral implantology, requiring complex anti-infective procedures or implant removal. Microbial biosurfactants emerged as new anti-biofilm agents for coating implantable devices preserving biocompatibility. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of rhamnolipid biosurfactant R89 (R89BS) to reduce Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation on titanium. Methods: R89BS was physically adsorbed on titanium discs (TDs). Cytotoxicity of coated TDs was evaluated on normal lung fibroblasts (MRC5). using a lactate dehydrogenase assay. The ability of coated TDs to inhibit biofilm formation was evaluated by quantifying biofilm biomass and cell metabolic activity, at different time-points, with respect to uncoated controls. A qualitative analysis of sessile bacteria was also performed by scanning electron microscopy. Results: R89BS-coated discs showed no cytotoxic effects. TDs coated with 4 mg/mL R89BS inhibited the biofilm biomass of S. aureus by 99%, 47% and 7% and of S. epidermidis by 54%, 29%, and 10% at 24, 48 and 72 h respectively. A significant reduction of the biofilm metabolic activity was also documented. The same coating applied on three commercial implant surfaces resulted in a biomass inhibition higher than 90% for S. aureus, and up to 78% for S. epidermidis at 24 h. Conclusions: R89BS-coating was effective in reducing Staphylococcus biofilm formation at the titanium implant surface. The anti-biofilm action can be obtained on several different commercially available implant surfaces, independently of their surface morphology.

Antibacterial and Osteoinductive Implant Surface Using Layer-by-Layer Assembly

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110291
Author(s):  
M.M. Hasani-Sadrabadi ◽  
S. Pouraghaei ◽  
E. Zahedi ◽  
P. Sarrion ◽  
M. Ishijima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Sustained Release ◽  
Surface Treatment ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Layer By Layer ◽  
Implant Surface ◽  
Layer By Layer Assembly ◽  
Layer Assembly

Osseointegration of dental, craniofacial, and orthopedic implants is critical for their long-term success. Multifunctional surface treatment of implants was found to significantly improve cell adhesion and induce osteogenic differentiation of dental-derived stem cells in vitro. Moreover, local and sustained release of antibiotics via nanolayers from the surface of implants can present unparalleled therapeutic benefits in implant dentistry. Here, we present a layer-by-layer surface treatment of titanium implants capable of incorporating BMP-2–mimicking short peptides and gentamicin to improve their osseointegration and antibacterial features. Additionally, instead of conventional surface treatments, we employed polydopamine coating before layer-by-layer assembly to initiate the formation of the nanolayers on rough titanium surfaces. Cytocompatibility analysis demonstrated that modifying the titanium implant surface with layer-by-layer assembly did not have adverse effects on cellular viability. The implemented nanoscale coating provided sustained release of osteoinductive peptides with an antibacterial drug. The surface-functionalized implants showed successful osteogenic differentiation of periodontal ligament stem cells and antimicrobial activity in vitro and increased osseointegration in a rodent animal model 4 wk postsurgery as compared with untreated implants. Altogether, our in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that this approach can be extended to other dental and orthopedic implants since this surface functionalization showed improved osseointegration and an enhanced success rate.

186 The effects of different concentrations of MgSO4 in osteogenic differentiation

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 217
Author(s):  
L. R. Padoveze ◽  
M. Rubessa ◽  
C. E. Ambrosio ◽  
M. B. Wheeler
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Osteogenic Differentiation ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nodule Formation ◽  
Osteogenic Medium ◽  
Alizarin Red ◽  
Physiological Processes

Tissue engineering offers a viable alternative to bone grafts in repairing large bone defects. Magnesium-based materials are biocompatible in vivo, and it is possible to determine the degradation period according to the necessities (Farraro et al. 2014 J. Biomech. 47, 1979-1986). Magnesium (Mg) is part of many physiological processes, and it promotes the osteogenesis of mesenchymal stem cells (Díaz-Tocados et al. 2017 Sci. Rep. 7, 7839.). Moreover, Mg up-regulates important genes associated with the osteogenic differentiation (Yoshizawa et al. 2014 Acta Biomater. 10, 2834-2842). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different Mg concentrations in the osteogenic medium on the number of nodules of bone. Swine adipose stem cells (ASC) were previously isolated as described (Monaco et al. 2009 Open Tissue Eng. Regen. Med. J. 2, 20-33). In this in vitro study, ASC were cultured during 4 weeks in osteogenic medium with addition of 0.1, 0.2, 1, 2, 10, or 20mM MgSO4. The medium was changed twice a week. Alizarin Red and Von Kossa staining were performed to evaluate the formation of nodules by mineralization of extracellular matrix (ECM), evidenced by dark red nodules and calcium deposit. The experiment was replicated 3 times in triplicate. Data were analysed using the generalized linear model (GLM) procedure, and Bonferroni’s post hoc test was used to perform statistical multiple comparison (SPSS Inc./IBM Corp., Chicago, IL, USA). The results showed enhanced nodule formation with 2mM Mg in the osteogenic medium (35.6v. 15.3, respectively for 2mM and Control). This result confirms the ability of magnesium to act in bone formation. There was no statistical difference among the different groups when we evaluated the Von Kossa staining results, indicating that the quality of the new formations was comparable to that of the control group even in an elevated nodule formation. In conclusion, a higher concentration of magnesium can improve nodule formation into osteogenic differentiation in vitro; the 2mM concentration showed the best nodule formation compared with the other groups. These results showed the value of magnesium in bone physiology.

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