scholarly journals Silk as a Natural Reinforcement: Processing and Properties of Silk/Epoxy Composite Laminates

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youssef Hamidi ◽  
M. Yalcinkaya ◽  
Gorkem Guloglu ◽  
Maya Pishvar ◽  
Mehrad Amirkhosravi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Silk Fabric ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
Breaking Energy

With growing environmental awareness, natural fibers have recently received significant interest as reinforcement in polymer composites. Among natural fibers, silk can potentially be a natural alternative to glass fibers, as it possesses comparable specific mechanical properties. In order to investigate the processability and properties of silk reinforced composites, vacuum assisted resin transfer molding (VARTM) was used to manufacture composite laminates reinforced with woven silk preforms. Specific mechanical properties of silk/epoxy laminates were found to be anisotropic and comparable to those of glass/epoxy. Silk composites even exhibited a 23% improvement of specific flexural strength along the principal weave direction over the glass/epoxy laminate. Applying 300 kPa external pressure after resin infusion was found to improve the silk/epoxy interface, leading to a discernible increase in breaking energy and interlaminar shear strength. Moreover, the effect of fabric moisture on the laminate properties was investigated. Unlike glass mats, silk fabric was found to be prone to moisture absorption from the environment. Moisture presence in silk fabric prior to laminate fabrication yielded slower fill times and reduced mechanical properties. On average, 10% fabric moisture induced a 25% and 20% reduction in specific flexural strength and modulus, respectively.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Mortars Reinforced with Amazon Rainforest Natural Fibers

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Régis Pamponet da Fonseca ◽  
Janaíde Cavalcante Rocha ◽  
Malik Cheriaf
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Construction Materials ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Amazon Rainforest ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Composite Binder ◽  
Naoh Solution ◽  
Reference Samples

The addition of natural fibers used as reinforcement has great appeal in the construction materials industry since natural fibers are cheaper, biodegradable, and easily available. In this work, we analyzed the feasibility of using the fibers of piassava, tucum palm, razor grass, and jute from the Amazon rainforest as reinforcement in mortars, exploiting the mechanical properties of compressive and flexural strength of samples with 1.5%, 3.0%, and 4.5% mass addition of the composite binder (50% Portland cement + 40% metakaolin + 10% fly ash). The mortars were reinforced with untreated (natural) and treated (hot water treatment, hornification, 8% NaOH solution, and hybridization) fibers, submitted to two types of curing (submerged in water, and inflated with CO2 in a pressurized autoclave) for 28 days. Mortars without fibers were used as a reference. For the durability study, the samples were submitted to 20 drying/wetting cycles. The fibers improved the flexural strength of the mortars and prevented the abrupt rupture of the samples, in contrast to the fragile behavior of the reference samples. The autoclave cure increased the compressive strength of the piassava and tucum palm samples with 4.5% of fibers.

scholarly journals Influence of Glass Fibers on Mechanical Properties of Concrete with Recycled Coarse Aggregates

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1007-1019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Babar Ali ◽  
Liaqat Ali Qureshi ◽  
Ali Raza ◽  
Muhammad Asad Nawaz ◽  
Safi Ur Rehman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Construction Material ◽  
Concrete Compressive Strength ◽  
Coarse Aggregates ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Despite plain cement concrete presenting inferior performance in tension and adverse environmental impacts, it is the most widely used construction material in the world. Consumption of fibers and recycled coarse aggregates (RCA) can add ductility and sustainability to concrete. In this research, two mix series (100%NCA, and 100%RCA) were prepared using four different dosages of GF (0%GF, 0.25%GF, 0.5%GF, and 0.75%GF by volume fraction).  Mechanical properties namely compressive strength, splitting tensile strength, and flexural strength of each concrete mixture was evaluated at the age of 28 days. The results of testing indicated that the addition of GF was very useful in enhancing the split tensile and flexural strength of both RCA and NCA concrete. Compressive strength was not highly sensitive to the addition of GF. The loss in strength that occurred due to the incorporation of RCA was reduced to a large extent upon the inclusion of GF. GF caused significant improvements in the split tensile and flexural strength of RCA concrete. Optimum dosage of GF was determined to be 0.25% for NCA, and 0.5% for RCA concrete respectively, based on the results of combined mechanical performance (MP).

Hybrid composites and intra-ply hybrid composites based on jute and glass fibers: A comparative study on moisture absorption and mechanical properties

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 100861 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wafa Ouarhim ◽  
Hamid Essabir ◽  
Mohammed-Ouadi Bensalah ◽  
Denis Rodrigue ◽  
Rachid Bouhfid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Glass Fibers

Effect of Date Palm Fiber Loadings on the Mechanical Properties of High Density Polyethylene/Date Palm Fiber Composites

2018 ◽  
Vol 773 ◽  
pp. 94-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venitalitya Augustia ◽  
Achmad Chafidz ◽  
Lucky Setyaningsih ◽  
Muhammad Rizal ◽  
Mujtahid Kaavessina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
High Density Polyethylene ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Agricultural Waste ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
High Density ◽  
Palm Fiber ◽  
Test Result

The trend of using natural fibers as green filler in the fabrication of polymer composites is increasing. One of these natural fibers is date palm fiber (DPF). Date palm fiber is considered as agricultural waste in certain areas, such as Middle East countries. Therefore, the utilization of this fiber in the composites fabrication is an interesting topic of research. In the current study, composites were prepared by melt blending DPF with high density polyethylene (HDPE). Five different DPF loadings were studied (i.e. 0, 5, 10, 20, 30 wt%). The effect of the DPF loadings on the mechanical properties and water absorption behavior of the composites were investigated. The tensile test result showed that tensile strengths of all the composites samples were all higher than the neat HDPE with the maximum improvement was achieved at the DPF loading of 5 wt% (i.e. DFC-5), which was about 19.23 MPa (138% higher than the neat HDPE). Whereas, the flexural test result showed that the flexural strength of the composites slightly increased compared to that of the neat HDPE only until 5 wt% DPF loading (i.e. DFC-5). Afterward, the flexural strength of the DFC-10 was equal to that of the neat HDPE, and decreasing with further increase of DPF loadings. Additionally, the water absorption test result showed that the water absorption rate and uptake of water (at equilibrium) increased with the increase of DPF loading.

Tensile Strength Matrix Composite Waste Glass Fiber Reinforced Plastics

2014 ◽  
Vol 69 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Mataram
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Plastic Waste ◽  
Molding Method ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Glass Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Composite Reinforcement

Polypropylene (PP) including a type of plastic which ranks second on the most number of types of plastic waste after the type of High Density Polyethylene (HDPE). Glass fibers have superior mechanical properties of natural fibers. Because it has good mechanical properties, glass fibers currently plays an important role in the use of composite reinforcement. Mechanical properties of glass fiber owned and PP waste in environmental conditions that more conditions, it can be utilized as a composite reinforcement and matrix materials. This research was conducted by of injection molding method. The comparison between the volume fraction of the glass fiber matrix of type PP plastic waste with variation 0% fibers 100% matrixs, 10% fibers 90% matrixs, 20% fibers 80% matrixs, 30% fibers 70% matrixs, 40% fibers 60% matrixs, and 50 % fibers 50% matrixs. The optimum conditions obtained in this study was the comparison of variation occurs in 50% fibers volume fractions of 50% matrixs were: tensile stress was 24.30 N/mm2, tensile strain was 13.60%.

Hybrid composite laminates reinforced with flax-basalt-glass woven fabrics for lightweight load bearing structures

2020 ◽  
pp. 152808372096074
Author(s):  
Mohamed A Attia ◽  
Marwa A Abd El-baky ◽  
Mostafa M Abdelhaleem ◽  
Mohamed A Hassan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Composite Laminates ◽  
Failure Modes ◽  
Woven Fabrics ◽  
Plane Shear ◽  
Load Bearing ◽  
Impact Properties ◽  
Basalt Glass ◽  
Interlaminar Shear ◽  
The Impact

An experimental investigation on the mechanical performance of interlayer hybrid flax-basalt-glass woven fabrics reinforced epoxy composite laminates has been performed. The tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear, bearing, and impact properties of the fabricated laminates were investigated. Test specimens were fabricated using vacuum bagging process. Failure modes of all specimens were recorded and discussed. Results proved that the mechanical properties of flax-basalt-glass hybrid laminates are highly dominated by the reinforcement combinations and plies stacking sequence. Hybridizing flax fiber reinforced composite with basalt and/or glass fabrics provides an effective method for enhancing its tensile, flexural, in-plane shear, interlaminar shear, and bearing properties as well as controls the impact strength of the composite. The fabricated hybrids are found to have good specific mechanical properties benefits. Amongst the studied flax/basalt/glass hybrids, FBGs has the highest tensile properties, GBFs has the highest flexural and impact properties, and GFBs has the best shear and bearing properties. Flax-basalt-glass hybrid composites with different layering sequence seem to be an appropriate choice for lightweight load bearing structures.

scholarly journals Mechanical Performance of Unstitched and Silk Fiber-Stitched Woven Kenaf Fiber-Reinforced Epoxy Composites

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 4801
Author(s):  
Yasir Khaleel Kirmasha ◽  
Mohaiman J. Sharba ◽  
Zulkiflle Leman ◽  
Mohamed Thariq Hameed Sultan
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Silk Fiber ◽  
Epoxy Composites ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Woven Kenaf

Fiber composites are known to have poor through-thickness mechanical properties due to the absence of a Z-direction binder. This issue is more critical with the use of natural fibers due to their low strength compared to synthetic fibers. Stitching is a through-thickness toughening method that is used to introduce fibers in the Z-direction, which will result in better through-thickness mechanical properties. This research was carried out to determine the mechanical properties of unstitched and silk fiber-stitched woven kenaf-reinforced epoxy composites. The woven kenaf mat was stitched with silk fiber using a commercial sewing machine. The specimens were fabricated using a hand lay-up method. Three specimens were fabricated, one unstitched and two silk-stitched with deferent stitching orientations. The results show that the stitched specimens have comparable in-plane mechanical properties to the unstitched specimens. For the tensile mechanical test, stitched specimens show similar and 17.1% higher tensile strength compared to the unstitched specimens. The flexural mechanical test results show around a 9% decrease in the flexural strength for the stitched specimens. On the other hand, the Izod impact mechanical test results show a significant improvement of 33% for the stitched specimens, which means that stitching has successfully improved the out-of-plane mechanical properties. The outcome of this research indicates that the stitched specimens have better mechanical performance compared to the unstitched specimens and that the decrease in the flexural strength is insignificant in contrast with the remarkable enhancement in the impact strength.

scholarly journals Effect of Graphene Additive on Flexural and Interlaminar Shear Strength Properties of Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composite

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 162
Author(s):  
Mohamed Ali Charfi ◽  
Ronan Mathieu ◽  
Jean-François Chatelain ◽  
Claudiane Ouellet-Plamondon ◽  
Gilbert Lebrun
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Carbon Fiber ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Interlaminar Shear Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Adhesion Properties ◽  
Reinforced Polymer ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Composite materials are widely used in various manufacturing fields from aeronautic and aerospace industries to the automotive industry. This is due to their outstanding mechanical properties with respect to their light weight. However, some studies showed that the major flaws of these materials are located at the fiber/matrix interface. Therefore, enhancing matrix adhesion properties could significantly improve the overall material characteristics. This study aims to analyze the effect of graphene particles on the adhesion properties of carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) through interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and flexural testing. Seven modified epoxy resins were prepared with different graphene contents. The CFRP laminates were next manufactured using a method that guarantees a repeatable and consistent fiber volume fraction with a low porosity level. Short beam shear and flexural tests were performed to compare the effect of graphene on the mechanical properties of the different laminates. It was found that 0.25 wt.% of graphene filler enhanced the flexural strength by 5%, whilst the higher concentrations (2 and 3 wt.%) decreased the flexural strength by about 7%. Regarding the ILSS, samples with low concentrations (0.25 and 0.5 wt.%) demonstrated a decent increase. Meanwhile, 3 wt.% slightly decreases the ILSS.

Effects of Fiber Surface Treatments on the Moisture Absorption and Interfacial Properties of Natural Fibers and their Composites

2009 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 728-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Li ◽  
Feng Lv ◽  
Hong Xia Deng ◽  
Ronald Kollmansberger ◽  
Shan Ying Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Temperature ◽  
Moisture Absorption ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Interfacial Properties ◽  
Surface Treatments ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Short Beam ◽  
Beam Shear ◽  
Interlaminar Shear

Interfacial properties of four kinds of natural fibers (et. ramie, jute, sisal and kenaf) reinforced phenolic resin were studied by single fiber pull-out test and short beam shear test. Effect of fiber surface treatments on the interfacial properties was evaluated. It showed that interlaminar shear strength (IFSS) was considerably improved after fiber surface treatments, especially after the silane treatment. Concerns about the poor moisture resistance of natural fibers, effects of fiber surface treatments on the moisture absorption behavior of natural fibers were also investigated by gravimetric methods. The results showed that neither fiber surface treatments nor the environmental temperature has effect on the moisture absorption behavior of natural fibers.

scholarly journals Mechanical Properties of Glass Fiber Concrete with Different Dosages of Glass Fiber

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 3916-3919
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Flexural Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Glass Fibers ◽  
High Dispersion ◽  
Conventional Concrete ◽  
Micro Cracks ◽  
Deformation Properties ◽  
Fiber Concrete

Conventional concrete i.e. the concrete generally has low tensile strength with limited ductility and low resistance towards cracking. The micro cracks that are developed internally are inherent among concrete and can be explained with the help of propagation of that micro cracks due to its inferior tensile strength. Different fibers, added at a certain percentage of concrete known to improve the deformation properties of concrete along with the plasticity against crack resistance, such as flexural strength. Mainly concrete & ferroconcrete research has been moved to steel fibers, and glass fibers have recently become more available, with no corrosion problems associated with glass fibers. This article describes an experimental study of the usage of glass fibers in the structural concrete. High-dispersion CEM-FILL fiberglass of 14 μm diameter with an aspect ratio of 857 was used at a dosage of 0.33% to 1% by weight in concrete and its mechanical properties such as compressive strength, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity.

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