scholarly journals Porous Calcium Phosphate Ceramic Scaffolds with Tailored Pore Orientations and Mechanical Properties Using Lithography-Based Ceramic 3D Printing Technique

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jung-Bin Lee ◽  
Woo-Youl Maeng ◽  
Young-Hag Koh ◽  
Hyoun-Ee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Solid Loading ◽  
Periodic Pattern ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Printing Technique ◽  
Sbf Solution

This study demonstrates the usefulness of the lithography-based ceramic 3-dimensional printing technique with a specifically designed top-down process for the production of porous calcium phosphate (CaP) ceramic scaffolds with tailored pore orientations and mechanical properties. The processing parameters including the preparation of a photocurable CaP slurry with a high solid loading (φ = 45 vol%), the exposure time for photocuring process, and the initial designs of the porous scaffolds were carefully controlled. Three types of porous CaP scaffolds with different pore orientations (i.e., 0°/90°, 0°/45°/90°/135°, and 0°/30°/60°/90°/120°/150°) were produced. All the scaffolds exhibited a tightly controlled porous structure with straight CaP frameworks arranged in a periodic pattern while the porosity was kept constant. The porous CaP scaffold with a pore orientation of 0°/90° demonstrated the highest compressive strength and modulus due to a number of CaP frameworks parallel to the loading direction. On the other hand, scaffolds with multiple pore orientations may exhibit more isotropic mechanical properties regardless of the loading directions. The porous CaP scaffolds exhibited an excellent in vitro apatite-forming ability in a stimulated body fluid (SBF) solution. These findings suggest that porous CaP scaffolds with tailored pore orientations may provide tunable mechanical properties with good bone regeneration ability.

scholarly journals Effect of Icariin on Engineered 3D-Printed Porous Scaffolds for Cartilage Repair

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ranjith Kankala ◽  
Feng-Jun Lu ◽  
Chen-Guang Liu ◽  
Shan-Shan Zhang ◽  
Ai-Zheng Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Cartilage Defects ◽  
Regeneration Ability ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
3D Scaffold ◽  
Good Surface

In recent times, cartilage defects have been the most common athletic injuries, often leading to dreadful consequences such as osteoarthritis, pain, joint deformities, and other symptoms. It is also evident that damage to articular cartilage is often difficult to recover or self-heal because of poor vascular, nervous, and lymphatic supplies. Moreover, cartilage cells have poor regeneration ability and high maturity. Inspired by these facts and the rapid advances in the field of tissue engineering (TE), we fabricated highly porous three-dimensional (3D) scaffold architectures based on cell-responsive polymeric inks, i.e., sodium alginate and gelatin (SA-Gel, 1:3 ratio), by a novel 3D printing method. Moreover, the effect of various processing parameters was systematically investigated. The printed scaffolds of polymer composites gels with excellent transparency, moderate viscosity, and excellent fluid properties showed good surface morphology, better thermal stability and swelling effect, and unique interconnected porous architectures at the optimized operating parameters. In vitro cell proliferation experiments of these cytocompatible scaffolds showed the excellent adhesion rate and growth behavior of chondrocytes. In addition, the porous architectures facilitated the efficient distribution of cells with only a few remaining on the surface, which was confirmed by confocal laser scanning microscopic (CLSM) observations. Icariin (ICA) addition at a concentration of 10 μg/mL further significantly enhanced the proliferation of chondrocytes. We envision that these cell-responsive polymeric inks in the presence of growth regulators like ICA may have potential in engineering complex tissue constructs toward diverse applications in TE.

scholarly journals Development of Biopolymeric Hybrid Scaffold-Based on AAc/GO/nHAp/TiO2 Nanocomposite for Bone Tissue Engineering: In-Vitro Analysis

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 1319
Author(s):  
Muhammad Umar Aslam Khan ◽  
Wafa Shamsan Al-Arjan ◽  
Mona Saad Binkadem ◽  
Hassan Mehboob ◽  
Adnan Haider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue Engineering ◽  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Guar Gum ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Analysis ◽  
Nanocomposite Scaffolds

Bone tissue engineering is an advanced field for treatment of fractured bones to restore/regulate biological functions. Biopolymeric/bioceramic-based hybrid nanocomposite scaffolds are potential biomaterials for bone tissue because of biodegradable and biocompatible characteristics. We report synthesis of nanocomposite based on acrylic acid (AAc)/guar gum (GG), nano-hydroxyapatite (HAp NPs), titanium nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs), and optimum graphene oxide (GO) amount via free radical polymerization method. Porous scaffolds were fabricated through freeze-drying technique and coated with silver sulphadiazine. Different techniques were used to investigate functional group, crystal structural properties, morphology/elemental properties, porosity, and mechanical properties of fabricated scaffolds. Results show that increasing amount of TiO2 in combination with optimized GO has improved physicochemical and microstructural properties, mechanical properties (compressive strength (2.96 to 13.31 MPa) and Young’s modulus (39.56 to 300.81 MPa)), and porous properties (pore size (256.11 to 107.42 μm) and porosity (79.97 to 44.32%)). After 150 min, silver sulfadiazine release was found to be ~94.1%. In vitro assay of scaffolds also exhibited promising results against mouse pre-osteoblast (MC3T3-E1) cell lines. Hence, these fabricated scaffolds would be potential biomaterials for bone tissue engineering in biomedical engineering.

scholarly journals 3D Plotting using Camphene as Pore-regulating Agent to Produce Hierarchical Macro/micro-porous Poly(ε-caprolactone)/calcium phosphate Composite Scaffolds

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (17) ◽  
pp. 2650
Author(s):  
Jae-Won Choi ◽  
Woo-Youl Maeng ◽  
Young-Hag Koh ◽  
Hyun Lee ◽  
Hyoun-Ee Kim
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Phase Separation ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Tensile Modulus ◽  
Compressive Modulus ◽  
Composite Scaffolds ◽  
In Vitro Biocompatibility ◽  
Porous Poly

This study demonstrates the utility of camphene as the pore-regulating agent for phase separation-based 3D plotting to produce hierarchical macro/micro-porous poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL)–calcium phosphate (CaP) composite scaffolds, specifically featuring highly microporous surfaces. Unlike conventional particulate porogens, camphene is highly soluble in acetone, the solvent for PCL polymer, but insoluble in coagulation medium (water). In this study, this unique characteristic supported the creation of numerous micropores both within and at the surfaces of PCL and PCL–CaP composite filaments when using high camphene contents (40 and 50 wt%). In addition, the incorporation of the CaP particles into PCL solutions did not deteriorate the formation of microporous structures, and thus hierarchical macro/micro-porous PCL–CaP composite scaffolds could be successfully produced. As the CaP content increased, the in vitro biocompatibility, apatite-forming ability, and mechanical properties (tensile strength, tensile modulus, and compressive modulus) of the PCL–CaP composite scaffolds were substantially improved.

Osteoblast Behavior In Vitro in Porous Calcium Phosphate Composite Scaffolds, Surface Activated with a Cell Adhesive Plasma Polymer Layer

2012 ◽  
Vol 706-709 ◽  
pp. 566-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Nebe ◽  
Matthias Cornelsen ◽  
Antje Quade ◽  
Volker Weissmann ◽  
Friederike Kunz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Culture ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Trauma Surgery ◽  
Plasma Polymer ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Temperature Plasma ◽  
Composite Surface ◽  
Initial Adhesion ◽  
Four Levels

Synthetic materials such as bone substitutes are permanently under development for applications in orthopedic and trauma surgery. Our porous scaffolds were produced from ß-tricalcium phosphate (TCP) using the three dimensional (3D)-printing technology. After sintering the porosity and the pore size of the 3D printed scaffolds reached nearly 50 % and 500 µm, respectively. TCP scaffolds were additionally stabilized by infiltration with polylactic acid (PLA). Because PLA usually impeded cell adhesion we activated the composite surface with plasma polymerized allylamine in a low temperature plasma process. For cell investigations inside the scaffold we used a module system, where two porous discs can be horizontally fixed within a clamping ring. Thereby a 3D cell culture module with four levels and a maximal height of 10 mm was generated. Human MG-63 osteoblasts (ATCC) were seeded apically and placed in serum-containing DMEM. After 14 days of a static cell culture the cell ingrowth and mobility was analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Osteoblast's initial adhesion and short time occupation of the surface is significantly improved on plasma polymer activated TCP surfaces, which could be a precondition for an enhanced colonization inside a calcium phosphate scaffold. Interestingly, the plasma functionalization of the pure TCP scaffold was possible and successful concerning cell acceptance.

Role of macropore size in the mechanical properties and in vitro degradation of porous calcium phosphate cements

2010 ◽  
Vol 64 (18) ◽  
pp. 2028-2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bai Feng ◽  
Meng Guolin ◽  
Yuan Yuan ◽  
Liu Changshen ◽  
Wang Zhen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Cements

Calcium Phosphate Biomaterials Composite Device: In-Vitro and In-Vivo Investigation

2007 ◽  
Vol 330-332 ◽  
pp. 835-838
Author(s):  
Aliassghar Tofighi ◽  
M. Sutaria
Keyword(s):  
Compressive Strength ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Powder Processing ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Processing Parameters ◽  
Allograft Bone ◽  
Nano Structure

Low crystalline apatite (LCA) and calcium phosphate cements (CPC) based on amorphous calcium phosphate and dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (1 to 1 ratio) were combined with bioresorbable PLGA copolymer (0 to 20 wt.%) for preparation of solid-formed devices. A pilot manufacturing based on powder processing techniques using isostatic pressure (44,000 psig) was conducted. Processing parameters such as isostatic pressure, temperature, times and device dimension were varied to achieve appropriate mechanical properties comparable to that of allograft bone dowel used as a gold standard in clinical application. The solid-form devices were characterized for physico-chemical and mechanical performance, as well as subjected to an in-vitro wet environment incubation at body temperature (37°C). Fluid diffusion was investigated to evaluate the fluid absorption (through microporosity) and the compressive strength of wet devices vs. incubation time (up to 30 days) was also studied. The shear strength and compressive strength of pure LCA dowels was respectively 26 and 122 MPa, which corresponds to a process densification of about 30%. The compressive strength was dramatically improved with addition of various amounts of copolymer. The maximum compressive strength of 180 MPa was obtained for dowels containing 10 wt.% copolymer. Calcium phosphate composite also increased the shear strength to about 42 MPa. These mechanical performances were significantly higher than that of allograft bone dowel (MD-II™), reported about 10 MPa. A pilot sheep interbody fusion of lumbar spine (L3/L4 and L4/L5) demonstrates mechanical integrity and intervertebral fusion at 6 months. LCA was found to be the most suitable CaP material because of its biocompatibility, chemical composition, nano-structure and high specific surface area that exhibits in-vivo biointegrity and cell mediated process.

In vitro biodegradable and mechanical performance of biphasic calcium phosphate porous scaffolds with unidirectional macro-pore structure

2014 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 8293-8300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Hyun Kim ◽  
Kyeong-Lok Kim ◽  
Ho-Hwan Chun ◽  
Tae-Wan Kim ◽  
Hong-Chae Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Biphasic Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Porous Scaffolds

Mechanical Properties and In Vitro Bioactivity of β-Tri Calcium Phosphate, Merwinite Nanocomposites

2011 ◽  
Vol 493-494 ◽  
pp. 582-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marziyeh Abbasi-Shahni ◽  
Saeed Hesaraki ◽  
Ali Asghar Behnam-Ghader ◽  
Masoud Hafezi-Ardakani
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Simulated Body Fluid ◽  
Body Fluid ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
In Vitro Bioactivity ◽  
Hard Tissue ◽  
Calcium Phosphate Layer

In this study, nanocomposites based on of β-tri calcium phosphate (β-TCP) and 2.5-10 wt% merwinite nanoparticles were prepared and sintered at 1100-1300°c.The mechanical properties were investigated by measuring compressive strength and fracture toughness. Structural properties were evaluated by XRD, TEM and SEM analysis, and the in vitro bioactivity was studied by soaking the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF). The mechanical strength of the sintered samples wereincreased, by increasing the amount of merwinite phase up to 5 wt%, whereas it decreased when the samples were sintered at 1100 and 1200°c. Nanostructured calcium phosphate layer was formed on the surfaces of the nanocomposites within 1 day immersion in simulated body fluid. Because of appropriate mechanical properties the composite is suggested to be used as substitute for hard tissue.

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