scholarly journals Synthesis and Physical Property Characterisation of Spheroidal and Cuboidal Nuclear Waste Simulant Dispersions

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1235
Author(s):  
Jessica Shiels ◽  
David Harbottle ◽  
Timothy Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Chemical Formula ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Zirconium Molybdate

This study investigated dispersions analogous to highly active nuclear waste, formed from the reprocessing of Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF). Non-radioactive simulants of spheroidal caesium phosphomolybdate (CPM) and cuboidal zirconium molybdate (ZM-a) were successfully synthesised; confirmed via Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. In addition, a supplied ZM (ZM-b) with a rod-like/wheatsheaf morphology was also analysed along with titanium dioxide (TiO2). The simulants underwent thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and size analysis, where CPM was found to have a D50 value of 300 nm and a chemical formula of Cs3PMo12O40·13H2O, ZM-a a D50 value of 10 μm and a chemical formula of ZrMo2O7(OH)2·3H2O and ZM-b to have a D50 value of 14 μm and a chemical formula of ZrMo2O7(OH)2·4H2O. The synthesis of CPM was tracked via Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy at both 25 °C and 50 °C, where the reaction was found to be first order with the rate constant highly temperature dependent. The morphology change from spheroidal CPM to cuboidal ZM-a was tracked via SEM, reporting to take 10 days. For the onward processing and immobilisation of these waste dispersions, centrifugal analysis was utilised to understand their settling behaviours, in both aqueous and 2 M nitric acid environments (mimicking current storage conditions). Spheroidal CPM was present in both conditions as agglomerated clusters, with relatively high settling rates. Conversely, the ZM were found to be stable in water, where their settling rate exponents were related to the morphology. In acid, the high effective electrolyte resulted in agglomeration and faster sedimentation.

DTI Nuclear Legacy Programme: Andreeva Bay

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Smith-Briggs
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Spent Fuel ◽  
North West ◽  
Management Consultants ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Extreme North ◽  
The Uk

Andreeva Bay is located in the Zapadnaya sea inlet at the extreme North-West of the Kola Peninsula (Russian Federation), about 40km from the Norwegian border. It is rather inaccessible, except by sea and the nearest town with facilities for Western visitors is Murmansk some 80km to the SE. Spent nuclear fuel (SNF) was initially stored in two large pools within building 5, however after serious leaks the fuel was transferred to an external “drystore” constructed by adapting three existing concrete tanks, previously allocated for the storage of liquid radwaste. There are currently approximately 20,000 spent fuel assemblies (SFA) stored within the three tanks. The storage conditions of the assemblies are less than adequate, the steel canisters used to store the assemblies are in poor condition and their standard of manufacture was not good. Shielding is locally inadequate and the concrete roof segments are ill fitting with snowmelt known to enter the tanks. Building 5 still contains some fuel fragments that could not readily be moved. The remaining water and structure remain highly active and this included some 4000Ci in sludge and debris at the bottom of the pool. The UK has agreed to support activities to improve the conditions at Andreeva Bay, with respect to SNF management, and DTI (Department of Trade and Industry) have appointed RWE NUKEM as their project management consultants for their Nuclear Legacy Programme in North-West Russia. A number of projects have been identified by the Russian Federation Ministry of Atomic Energy, MINATOM, and these are currently in the project definition stage. These include the characterisation of Building 5, an options study for SNF management at the site, and the construction of a cover for Tank 3a. This paper will describe the current conditions with respect to spent nuclear fuel at Andreeva bay and will discuss the proposed projects under consideration for funding by DTI.

scholarly journals Management of the Energy and Economic Potential of Nuclear Waste Use

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (12) ◽  
pp. 3709
Author(s):  
Bader Alshuraiaan ◽  
Sergey Pushkin ◽  
Anastasia Kurilova ◽  
Magdalena Mazur
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Nuclear Waste Storage ◽  
Scientific Discussion ◽  
Management Algorithm ◽  
Waste Storage ◽  
The Eu

Recently, issues related to the effects (benefit or harm) of processing nuclear waste and its further use as fuel have been increasingly often raised in the scientific discussion. In this regard, the research aims to investigate issues related to the assessment of the economic potential of nuclear waste use, as well as the cooperation between states in the context of the reduction of risks associated with nuclear waste storage and processing. The research methodology is based on an integrated approach, including statistical, factor analysis, and the proposed system of performance indicators for managing spent nuclear fuel use. The research was carried out on the basis of materials from Russia and the EU countries. In the course of the study, a model of cooperation between states has been developed (based on the example of technologies and methods of processing nuclear waste used in the EU and Russia) according to the nuclear waste (spent nuclear fuel) management algorithm. The model considers the risks and threats associated with ecology and safety. The developments and other results described in the study should be used in further research devoted to the use of nuclear waste as heat-producing elements.

Preparation and Characterization of Ultrafine Monodisperse Iron Oxide Nanoparticles by Solvothermal Method

2015 ◽  
Vol 748 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
Cheng Mei Liu ◽  
Yu Xia Zhao ◽  
Jin Dong ◽  
Lu Hai Li ◽  
Yen Wei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iron Oxide ◽  
Iron Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Solvothermal Method ◽  
Physical Property Measurement System ◽  
Thermo Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Different Diameters

Using iron-oleate complex as a precursor, oleic acid as a stabilizer and 1-octadecene as a reductant, uniform-sized and highly monodisperse iron oxide nanoparitcles with different diameters were successfully synthesized via solvothermal method by changing reaction time. Transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), physical property measurement system (PPMS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to characterize obtained iron oxide nanoparticles. These results indicated that iron oxide nanoparitcles with the diameter ranging from 4 to 8 nm can be controllably synthesized.

Outgrowth of Salmonellae and the Physical Property of Albumen and Vitelline Membrane as Influenced by Egg Storage Conditions

2005 ◽  
Vol 68 (12) ◽  
pp. 2553-2558 ◽  
Author(s):  
JINRU CHEN ◽  
HILARY SHALLO THESMAR ◽  
WILLIAM L. KERR
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Physical Property ◽  
Storage Conditions ◽  
Vitelline Membrane ◽  
Initial Population ◽  
Fiber Optic Probe ◽  
Physical Strength ◽  
Egg Storage ◽  
Egg Albumen

This study was undertaken to determine the influence of storage time and temperature on the volume, weight, and pH of egg albumen, the physical strength of vitelline membrane, and the fate of Salmonella Enteritidis artificially inoculated into egg albumen. A fiber-optic probe was used for inoculation with Salmonella Enteritidis at 102, 104, or 106 cells per egg. Both fresh and inoculated eggs were stored at 4, 10, and 22°C for 6 weeks. Five fresh uninoculated eggs from each storage group were collected each week, and the weight, volume, and pH of the egg albumen were measured. The forces, energies, and degrees of membrane deformation required to rupture the vitelline membranes also were determined from either albumen-free yolks or yolks surrounded by albumen. In separate experiments, five inoculated eggs were evaluated each week for populations of Salmonella Enteritidis. When the eggs were stored at 4°C, the albumen retained significantly more volume and weight and had a relatively lower pH. The vitelline membranes from eggs stored at 4 and 10°C required more force and energy for rupture. Salmonellae flourished at 22°C, even in the albumen with the lowest initial population, 102 cells per egg. Storage at 4 and 10°C inhibited the growth of salmonellae in the albumen of eggs with initial populations of 102, 104, or 106 cells per egg. In eggs with initial Salmonella populations of 106 cells per egg that were stored at 22°C, the populations of reached as high as 1010 cells per egg after 4 weeks of storage. Storage at 4 and perhaps 10°C postponed the aging process of chicken eggs, preserved the antimicrobial agents of the albumen, and maintained the integrity of vitelline membrane. Low-temperature storage therefore had a significant impact on the safety and overall quality of the eggs.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense JT1, a Plant Pathogenic Fungus

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janki N. Thakker ◽  
Pranay Dalwadi ◽  
Pinakin C. Dhandhukia
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Gold Nanoparticles ◽  
Chloride Solution ◽  
Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Plant Pathogenic Fungus ◽  
Extracellular Synthesis ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Methods Of Synthesis

The development of reliable processes for the synthesis of gold nanoparticles is an important aspect of current nanotechnology research. Recently, reports are published on the extracellular as well as intracellular biosynthesis of gold nanoparticles using microorganisms. However, these methods of synthesis are rather slow. In present study, rapid and extracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles using a plant pathogenic fungus F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense JT1 (FocJT1) is reported. Incubation of FocJT1 mycelium with auric chloride solution produces gold nanoparticles in 60 min. Gold nanoparticles were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy, FTIR, and particle size analysis. The particles synthesized were of 22 nm sized, capped by proteins, and posed antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas sp.

The Evaporative Decomposition of Solutions Method (Eds) for the Production of Ultrafine Y1Ba2Cu3O7 from Nitrate and Mixed Anion Precursor Solutions

1989 ◽  
Vol 169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin E. Lakis ◽  
Sidney R. Butler
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Particle Size ◽  
Barium Carbonate ◽  
Hollow Spheres ◽  
Particle Size Analysis ◽  
Size Analysis ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

AbstractY1Ba2Cu3O7 has been prepared by the evaporative decomposition of solutions method. Nitrate and mixed anion solutions were atomized and decomposed at temperatures ranging from 300°C to 950°C. The resulting materials have been characterized using x-ray powder diffraction, Thermal Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), particle size analysis, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The powder consists of 0.3 micron agglomerated hollow spheres with a primary particle size of 0.06 micron. TGA and x-ray diffraction indicate the presence of barium nitrate and barium carbonate due to incomplete decomposition and/or product contamination by the process environment.

scholarly journals Green bio-inspired synthesis, characterization and activity of silver nanoparticle forms of Centaurea virgata Lam. and the isolated flavonoid eupatorin

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-379 ◽  
Author(s):  
Burcu Sümer Tüzün ◽  
Judit Hohmann ◽  
Bijen Kivcak
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Zeta Potential ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Characteristic Absorption Band ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Diffraction Patterns ◽  
Isolated Compound

AbstractA green synthesis method of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) usingCentaurea virgataLam. extract and the isolated compound eupatorin was investigated in this study. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction analysis and zeta potential were used for characterization of AgNPs. The UV-Vis spectrum exhibited a characteristic absorption band at 420 nm for monodisperse nanoparticles. FTIR measurements also proved the formation. X-ray diffraction patterns showed peaks at (110) and (112), which are characteristic for hexagonal crystals and also showed peaks at (111), (200) and (240), which are characteristic for orthorhombic crystals. The TEM images of AgNPs show that the morphology of AgNPs was predominantly spherical. Obtained AgNPs were highly stable according to the zeta potential values. The nitric oxide scavenging activity, which is also related to anticancer activity, of AgNPs was evaluated. It can be concluded thatC. virgataLam. extract and eupatorin can be used as a reducing agent for potential antioxidant AgNP formation.

scholarly journals Cerium Dioxide Nanoparticles as Smart Carriers for Self-Healing Coatings

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 791 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sehrish Habib ◽  
Eman Fayyad ◽  
Muddasir Nawaz ◽  
Adnan Khan ◽  
Rana A. Shakoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Inhibition ◽  
Cerium Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Impedance ◽  
Protective Layer ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Epoxy Coating ◽  
Gravimetric Analysis ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy

The utilization of self-healing cerium dioxide nanoparticles (CeO2), modified with organic corrosion inhibitors (dodecylamine (DDA) and n-methylthiourea (NMTU)), in epoxy coating is an efficient strategy for enhancing the protection of the epoxy coating and increasing its lifetime. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy analysis was used to confirm the loading and presence of inhibitors in the nanoparticles. Thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) measurement studies revealed the amount of 25% and 29.75% w/w for NMTU and DDA in the nanoparticles, respectively. The pH sensitive and self-release behavior of modified CeO2 nanoparticles is confirmed through UV-vis spectroscopy and Zeta potential. It was observed, through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), that a protective layer had been formed on the defect site separating the steel surface from the external environment and healed the artificially created scratch. This protective film played a vital role in the corrosion inhibition of steel by preventing the aggressiveness of Cl− in the solution. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements exhibited the exceptional corrosion inhibition efficiency, reaching 99.8% and 95.7% for the modified coating with DDA and NMTU, respectively, after five days of immersion time.

Site Investigations of Potential Repository Sites in Sweden

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wikberg ◽  
Kaj Ahlbom ◽  
Olle Olsson
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Nuclear Waste ◽  
Spent Nuclear Fuel ◽  
Site Investigation ◽  
Management Programme ◽  
Nuclear Waste Management ◽  
Geologic Repository ◽  
The Public ◽  
Site Investigations

ABSTRACTThe Swedish nuclear waste management programme has entered the site investigation phase. Early 2002 SKB received permission from the municipalities of Östhammar and Oskarshamn to perform site investigations for a potential deep geologic repository for spent nuclear fuel. The goal of the site investigation phase is to obtain a permit to build the deep repository for spent nuclear fuel. In parallel with the investigations, consultations will be held with county administrative boards, regulatory authorities and municipalities, as well as with members of the public.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document