scholarly journals The Effect of Kinematic Conditions and Synovial Fluid Composition on the Frictional Behaviour of Materials for Artificial Joints

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Nečas ◽  
Martin Vrbka ◽  
Ivan Křupka ◽  
Martin Hartl
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Frictional Behaviour

scholarly journals The Effect of Synovial Fluid Composition, Speed and Load on Frictional Behaviour of Articular Cartilage

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denis Furmann ◽  
David Nečas ◽  
David Rebenda ◽  
Pavel Čípek ◽  
Martin Vrbka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Articular Cartilage ◽  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Tribological Behaviour ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Model Fluids ◽  
Frictional Behaviour

Articular cartilage ensures smooth motion of natural synovial joints operating at very low friction. However, the number of patients suffering from joint diseases, usually associated with cartilage degradation, continuously increases. Therefore, an understanding of cartilage tribological behaviour is of great interest in order to minimize its degradation, preserving the reliable function of the joints. The aim of the present study is to provide a comprehensive comparison of frictional behaviour of articular cartilage, focusing on the effect of synovial fluid composition (i), speed (ii), and load (iii). The experiments were realized using a pin-on-plate tribometer with reciprocating motion. The articular cartilage pin was loaded against smooth glass plate while the tests consisted of loading and unloading phases in order to enable cartilage rehydration. Various model fluids containing albumin, γ-globulin, hyaluronic acid, and phospholipids were prepared in two different concentrations simulating physiologic and osteoarthritic synovial fluid. Two different speeds, 5 mm/s and 10 mm/s were applied, and the tests were carried out under 5 N and 10 N. It was found that protein-based solutions exhibit almost no difference in friction coefficient, independently of the concentration of the constituents. However, the behaviour is considerably changed when adding hyaluronic acid and phospholipids. Especially when interacting with γ-globulin, friction coefficient decreased substantially. In general, an important role of the interaction of fluid constituents was observed. On the other hand, a limited effect of speed was detected for most of the model fluids. Finally, it was shown that elevated load leads to lower friction, which corresponds well with previous observations. Further study should concentrate on specific explored phenomena focusing on the detailed statistical evaluation.

Recommendations with Respect to the Improvement of Lubricating Qualities of Synovial Fluid in Artificial Joints

1993 ◽  
Vol 207 (2) ◽  
pp. 111-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
N S Gavrjushenko
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Short Description ◽  
Plate Model ◽  
Red Bone Marrow ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Hip Endoprosthesis ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Red Marrow ◽  
Ultra High Molecular Weight ◽  
Lubricating Properties

This paper gives a short description of the lubricating properties of yellow and red bone marrow taken from a femur of a cadaver. The experiments have been conducted on a ‘ball-on-plate’ model. The balls were made from steel 100 CR6 (German) and the plates were made from the same steel and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE, German ‘Herulen’). The friction coefficients under loads of 50 and 300 N were determined with different combinations of friction components. It has been found that the lubricating properties of yellow and red marrow have advantages over synovial fluid. In the light of these results the author develops a new approach to the design of a new hip endoprosthesis.

The lubricating ability of biomembrane models with dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine and γ-globulin

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (5) ◽  
pp. 337-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Higaki ◽  
T Murakami ◽  
Y Nakanishi ◽  
H Miura ◽  
T Mawatari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Articular Surface ◽  
Glass Plate ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Load Condition ◽  
Dipalmitoyl Phosphatidylcholine ◽  
Adsorbed Films ◽  
Articular Surfaces ◽  
Frictional Behaviour

Two kinds of friction tests were conducted to investigate the lubricating effect of the injection of amphiphilies on the osteoarthritic joint. The effects of the addition of Lα-dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine (Lα-DPPC) riposomes and γ-globulin in a saline solution of sodium hyaluronate (HA) were evaluated through pendulum friction tests. The frictional characteristics of pig shoulder joints were confirmed to depend on the viscosity of the lubricants only in the physiologically low load condition and in the condition immediately after loading. Detergent (polyoxyethylene p-t-octylphenyl ether) was successfully used to remove adsorbed films from the articular surfaces. The friction coefficient of natural synovial joints was significantly increased in a mode of mixed lubrication with the HA solution of 0.2 g/dl by the treatment of the surface with the detergent. The addition of Lα-DPPC riposomes or y-globulin significantly improved the boundary lubricating ability of the articular surfaces treated with the detergent, depending on the quantity of those additives. It appears that the Lα-DPPC riposomes and γ-globulin can form protective films on the articular surfaces like a biomembrane. Moreover, the reciprocating frictional behaviour in sliding pairs of pig articular cartilages and glass plates was studied in order to elucidate the tribological role of those constituents in the boundary lubricating film on the articular surface. Pig synovial fluid and water solutions of HA were used as lubricants. The synovial fluid had superior lubricating ability compared to the HA solution of equivalent viscosity under a physiologically high load condition. This fact seems to be responsible for the boundary lubricating ability of constituents other than hyaluronic acid. Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films of Lα-DPPC on the glass plate were kept at a low and stable friction coefficient, depending on the number of film layers. In conditions of mixed films with Lα-DPPC and γ-globulin, the frictional behaviour was improved by increasing the quantity of γ-globulin. A model is proposed in which the effective adsorbed films are composed of proteins, phospholipids and other conjugated constituents on the articular surfaces to be accurate in describing the boundary lubricating mechanism. The mechanism is controlled by hydrophobic groups in those amphiphilies.

Effect of Artificial Cartilage Made up of Smart Material of Nanostructure on Dispersion in Poorly Conducting Macromolecular Components in Synovial Joints

2007 ◽  
Vol 334-335 ◽  
pp. 1245-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Rudraiah ◽  
C.O. Ng ◽  
C. Nagaraj
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Smart Materials ◽  
Dispersion Model ◽  
Finite Thickness ◽  
Smart Material ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Artificial Cartilage ◽  
Synovial Joints

Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) dispersion of macromolecular components in a biological bearing consisting of a poorly conducting synovial fluid both in the cavity of the bones and in the bounding porous cartilage of finite thickness is investigated using Taylor’s [4] dispersion model . It is shown that artificial joints involving smart materials of nanostructure discussed here work more efficiently than the natural joints.

scholarly journals Hyaluronic acid synthesis, degradation, and crosslinking in equine osteoarthritis: TNF-α-TSG-6-mediated HC-HA formation

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana C. Fasanello ◽  
Jin Su ◽  
Siyu Deng ◽  
Rose Yin ◽  
Marshall J. Colville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Complex Formation ◽  
Synovial Membrane ◽  
Fluid Composition ◽  
Fluid Viscosity ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Ha Synthase ◽  
And Cartilage

Abstract Background TNF-α-stimulated gene 6 (TSG-6) protein, a TNF-α-responsive hyaladherin, possesses enzymatic activity that can catalyze covalent crosslinks of the polysaccharide hyaluronic acid (HA) to another protein to form heavy chain-hyaluronic acid (HC-HA) complexes in pathological conditions such as osteoarthritis (OA). Here, we examined HA synthase and inflammatory gene expression; synovial fluid HA, TNF-α, and viscosity; and TSG-6-mediated HC-HA complex formation in an equine OA model. The objectives of this study were to (1) evaluate the TNF-α-TSG-6-HC-HA signaling pathway across multiple joint tissues, including synovial membrane, cartilage, and synovial fluid, and (2) determine the impact of OA on synovial fluid composition and biophysical properties. Methods HA and inflammatory cytokine concentrations (TNF-α, IL-1β, CCL2, 3, 5, and 11) were analyzed in synovial fluid from 63 OA and 25 control joints, and HA synthase (HAS1-3), TSG-6, and hyaluronan-degrading enzyme (HYAL2, HEXA) gene expression was measured in synovial membrane and cartilage. HA molecular weight (MW) distributions were determined using agarose gel electrophoresis and solid-state nanopore measurements, and HC-HA complex formation was detected via immunoblotting and immunofluorescence. SEC-MALS was used to evaluate TSG-6-mediated HA crosslinking, and synovial fluid and HA solution viscosities were analyzed using multiple particle-tracking microrheology and microfluidic measurements, respectively. Results TNF-α concentrations were greater in OA synovial fluid, and TSG6 expression was upregulated in OA synovial membrane and cartilage. TSG-6-mediated HC-HA complex formation was greater in OA synovial fluid and tissues than controls, and HC-HA was localized to both synovial membrane and superficial zone chondrocytes in OA joints. SEC-MALS demonstrated macromolecular aggregation of low MW HA in the presence of TSG-6 and inter-α-inhibitor with concurrent increases in viscosity. Conclusions Synovial fluid TNF-α concentrations, synovial membrane and cartilage TSG6 gene expression, and HC-HA complex formation were increased in equine OA. Despite the ability of TSG-6 to induce macromolecular aggregation of low MW HA with resultant increases in the viscosity of low MW HA solutions in vitro, HA concentration was the primary determinant of synovial fluid viscosity rather than HA MW or HC-HA crosslinking. The TNF-α-TSG-6-HC-HA pathway may represent a potential therapeutic target in OA.

Adaptive multimode lubrication in natural synovial joints and artificial joints

1998 ◽  
Vol 212 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Murakami ◽  
H Higaki ◽  
Y Sawae ◽  
N Ohtsuki ◽  
S Moriyama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Spherical Surface ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
High Load ◽  
Squeeze Film ◽  
Low Friction ◽  
Artificial Joints ◽  
Synovial Joints ◽  
Shoulder Joints ◽  
Frictional Behaviour

To examine the lubrication mechanisms in both natural synovial joints and artificial joints with artificial cartilages, pendulum tests of pig shoulder joints and simulator tests of sliding pairs of a stainless steel spherical component and natural articular cartilage or artificial cartilage have been conducted. Firstly, it was shown in pendulum tests of pig shoulder joints that both concentration of hyaluronic acid or viscosity and adsorbed film formation of proteins and phospholipids exerted a significant effect on frictional behaviour in swinging motion immediately after a loading of 100 N. Under a high load of 1 kN, low friction was observed under wide-ranging viscosity conditions, since a high load similar to body weight probably enhanced the squeeze film effect due to improved congruity. Next, frictional behaviour of sliding pairs in knee joint models, consisting of a stainless steel spherical surface and either specimens of pig tibial cartilage or polyvinylalcohol (PVA) hydrogel, was examined during walking in simulator tests. In these tests, the influences of lubricant viscosity and addition of protein on frictional behaviour were evaluated. For both compliant materials, the appropriate addition of γ-globulin to sodium hyaluronate (HA) solution maintained low friction and protected rubbing surfaces under thin film conditions. These phenomena are discussed from the viewpoint of adaptive multimode lubrication.

Tribological role of synovial fluid compositions on artificial joints - a systematic review of the last 10 years

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subir Ghosh ◽  
Dipankar Choudhury ◽  
Nabangshu Shekhar Das ◽  
Belinda Pingguan-Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Artificial Joints

The role of denatured synovial fluid proteins in the lubrication of artificial joints

Biotribology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 49-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Stevenson ◽  
M. Jaggard ◽  
P. Akhbari ◽  
U. Vaghela ◽  
C. Gupte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Synovial Fluid ◽  
Artificial Joints
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