scholarly journals The Ground-Based BIOMEX Experiment Verification Tests for Life Detection on Mars

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1212
Author(s):  
Claudia Pacelli ◽  
Alessia Cassaro ◽  
Ilaria Catanzaro ◽  
Mickael Baqué ◽  
Alessandro Maturilli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Dna Amplification ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Microbial Life ◽  
Detection And Identification ◽  
Experiment Verification ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Fungal Melanin

The success of an astrobiological search for life campaign on Mars, or other planetary bodies in the Solar System, relies on the detectability of past or present microbial life traces, namely, biosignatures. Spectroscopic methods require little or no sample preparation, can be repeated almost endlessly, and can be performed in contact or even remotely. Such methods are therefore ideally suited to use for the detection of biosignatures, which can be confirmed with supporting instrumentation. Here, we discuss the use of Raman and Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopies for the detection and characterization of biosignatures from colonies of the fungus Cryomyces antarcticus, grown on Martian analogues and exposed to increasing doses of UV irradiation under dried conditions. The results report significant UV-induced DNA damage, but the non-exceeding of thresholds for allowing DNA amplification and detection, while the spectral properties of the fungal melanin remained unaltered, and pigment detection and identification was achieved via complementary analytical techniques. Finally, this work found that fungal cell wall compounds, likely chitin, were not degraded, and were still detectable even after high UV irradiation doses. The implications for the preservation and detection of biosignatures in extraterrestrial environments are discussed.

scholarly journals Functional Aromatic Poly(1,3,4-Oxadiazole-Ether)s with Benzimidazole Pendants: Synthesis, Thermal and Dielectric Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shimoga D. Ganesh ◽  
Vasantakumar K. Pai ◽  
Mahadevappa Y. Kariduraganavar ◽  
Madhu B. Jayanna
Keyword(s):  
Carboxylic Acid ◽  
Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Gel Permeation Chromatography ◽  
Electrical Contacts ◽  
Dielectric Studies ◽  
Weight Average Molecular Weight ◽  
Nucleophilic Displacement ◽  
Ft Ir

Poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole-ether) with reactive carboxylic acid pendants was synthesized from solution polymerization via nucleophilic displacement polycondensation among 2,5-bis(4-fluorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole (BFPOx) and 4,4′-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) valeric acid (BHPA). Without altering the polymeric segments, benzimidazole modified poly(1,3,4-oxadiazole-ether)s were prepared by varying stoichiometric ratios of 1,2-phenylenediamine. The molecular structural characterization of these polymers was achieved by, FT-IR, NMR, TGA, elemental analysis, and analytical techniques. The weight-average molecular weight of virgin polymer with carboxylic acid functionality was determined by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) and was found to be 22400 (Mw/Mn=2.07). All the synthesized polyethers were compressed into pellets and electrical contacts were established to perform dielectric properties.

Spectroscopic Characterization of Wilkinson's Catalyst Using X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (ESCA)

1982 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 290-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Carvalho ◽  
Larry F. Wieserman ◽  
David M. Hercules
Keyword(s):  
Binding Energy ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Spectroscopic Characterization ◽  
Homogeneous Hydrogenation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Wilkinson’S Catalyst ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Wilkinson's Catalyst

Wilkinson's catalyst, RhCl(PPh3)3 is a well known and widely used homogeneous hydrogenation catalyst. This catalyst was analyzed by ESCA which revealed that two rhodium species [Rh(I) and Rh(III)] were present, both for commercial preparations and for catalysts prepared in this laboratory. The ratio of Rh(I) to Rh(III) was 3:2 regardless of the source. A different method of synthesizing RhCl(PPh3)3 was used and produced a compound having only Rh(I) species. Additional analytical techniques such as elemental analysis, FT-IR, liquid chromatography, and 31P NMR were used to determine the origin of the higher binding energy peaks when Wilkinson's procedure was used to prepare RhCl(PPh3)3. Hydrogenation of cyclohexene was also performed to determine the effect of the higher binding energy species on catalytic activity.

scholarly journals Application of experimental design in examination of the dissolution rate of carbamazepine from formulations: Characterization of the optimal formulation by DSC, TGA, FT-IR and PXRD analysis

2015 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Krstic ◽  
Slavica Razic ◽  
Dragana Vasiljevic ◽  
Djurdjija Spasojevic ◽  
Svetlana Ibric
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Design ◽  
Dissolution Rate ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Brij 35 ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Surfactant Systems ◽  
Selection Of

Poor solubility is one of the key reasons for the poor bioavailability of these drugs. This paper displays a formulation of a solid surfactant system with carbamazepine, in order to increase its dissolution rate. Solid state surfactant systems are formed by application of fractal experimental design. Poloxamer 237 and Poloxamer 338 were used as surfactants and Brij? 35 was used as the co-surfactant. The ratios of the excipients and carbamazepine were varied and their effects on the dissolution rate of carbamazepine were examined. Moreover, the effects of the addition of natural (diatomite) and a synthetic adsorbent carrier (Neusiline UFL2) on the dissolution rate of carbamazepine were also tested. The prepared surfactant systems were characterized and the influence of the excipients on possible changes of the polymorphous form of carbamazepine examined by application of analytical techniques (DSC, TGA, FT-IR, PXRD). It was determined that an appropriate selection of the excipient type and ratio could provide a significant increase in the carbamazepine dissolution rate. By application of analytical techniques, it was found that that the employed excipients induce a transition of carbamazepine into the amorphous form and that the selected sample was stable for three months, when kept under ambient conditions.

Synthesis and characterization of self-assembled inorganic–organic hybrid arsenotungstates

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561-1568 ◽  
Author(s):  
Swati Parbhakar ◽  
Reetam Kaushik ◽  
Firasat Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
One Pot ◽  
Organic Hybrid ◽  
Acetate Complex ◽  
Synthetic Strategy ◽  
Vis Spectroscopy ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Fourier Transform Ir

A series of 12 inorganic–organic hybrid 4f-substituted arsenotungstates decorated with 3d-based complexes along with acetate bridging, viz. {[Cu2(H2O)(1,10-phen)2(μ-CH3COO)2]4[Ln2(H2O)2(μ-CH3COO)2(α-AsW11O39)2]}2− (LnIII = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb and Lu), have been synthesized. These compounds were isolated using a one-pot synthetic strategy with copper, lanthanoid, trilacunary arsenotungstate and 1,10-phenanthroline as precursors. They were characterized using various analytical techniques, such as single-crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD), powder XRD (PXRD), Fourier transform IR (FT–IR) spectroscopy, UV–Vis spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). In all these compounds, a dinuclear Ln2(ac)2 moiety is sandwiched between two monolacunary [AsW11O39]7− polyoxometalates (POMs), where the Ln2(ac)2 moiety is comprised of two acetate ligands in a μ-κO,O′:κO fashion. Moreover, the anion is decorated by a copper–phenanthroline–acetate complex through a terminal O atom of the polyanion.

Preparation and Characterization of the Cu+/ZSM-5 Catalyst and Its Reaction with NO under UV Irradiation at 275 K. In situ Photoluminescence, EPR, and FT-IR Investigations

1994 ◽  
Vol 98 (22) ◽  
pp. 5744-5750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masakazu Anpo ◽  
Yasushi Shioya ◽  
Hiromi Yamashita ◽  
Elio Giamello ◽  
Claudio Morterra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uv Irradiation ◽  
Ft Ir

The Use of Advanced Analytical Techniques for Characterization of the Chemical, Physical, and Crystallographic Nature of a Surface

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 132-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Herfert
Keyword(s):  
Surface Characterization ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Depth Of Penetration ◽  
X Ray ◽  
The Past ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Electron

Studies of the nature of a surface, either metallic or nonmetallic, in the past, have been limited to the instrumentation available for these measurements. In the past, optical microscopy, replica transmission electron microscopy, electron or X-ray diffraction and optical or X-ray spectroscopy have provided the means of surface characterization. Actually, some of these techniques are not purely surface; the depth of penetration may be a few thousands of an inch. Within the last five years, instrumentation has been made available which now makes it practical for use to study the outer few 100A of layers and characterize it completely from a chemical, physical, and crystallographic standpoint. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) provides a means of viewing the surface of a material in situ to magnifications as high as 250,000X.

Some applications of electron beam microanalysis techniques in VLSI process evaluation

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Simon Thomas
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Process Evaluation ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Analysis Of Failures ◽  
Characterization Of Materials ◽  
Circuits Vlsi

Trends in the technology development of very large scale integrated circuits (VLSI) have been in the direction of higher density of components with smaller dimensions. The scaling down of device dimensions has been not only laterally but also in depth. Such efforts in miniaturization bring with them new developments in materials and processing. Successful implementation of these efforts is, to a large extent, dependent on the proper understanding of the material properties, process technologies and reliability issues, through adequate analytical studies. The analytical instrumentation technology has, fortunately, kept pace with the basic requirements of devices with lateral dimensions in the micron/ submicron range and depths of the order of nonometers. Often, newer analytical techniques have emerged or the more conventional techniques have been adapted to meet the more stringent requirements. As such, a variety of analytical techniques are available today to aid an analyst in the efforts of VLSI process evaluation. Generally such analytical efforts are divided into the characterization of materials, evaluation of processing steps and the analysis of failures.

A very rapid in situ Kikuchi technique to determine relative crystal misorientation

1988 ◽  
Vol 46 ◽  
pp. 830-831
Author(s):  
J. I. Bennetch
Keyword(s):  
Electron Beam ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Superplastic Forming ◽  
The Other ◽  
Kikuchi Pattern ◽  
Kikuchi Line ◽  
Line Analysis

In a recent study of the superplastic forming (SPF) behavior of certain Al-Li-X alloys, the relative misorientation between adjacent (sub)grains proved to be an important parameter. It is well established that the most accurate way to determine misorientation across boundaries is by Kikuchi line analysis. However, the SPF study required the characterization of a large number of (sub)grains in each sample to be statistically meaningful, a very time-consuming task even for comparatively rapid Kikuchi analytical techniques.In order to circumvent this problem, an alternate, even more rapid in-situ Kikuchi technique was devised, eliminating the need for the developing of negatives and any subsequent measurements on photographic plates. All that is required is a double tilt low backlash goniometer capable of tilting ± 45° in one axis and ± 30° in the other axis. The procedure is as follows. While viewing the microscope screen, one merely tilts the specimen until a standard recognizable reference Kikuchi pattern is centered, making sure, at the same time, that the focused electron beam remains on the (sub)grain in question.

Comparison of Ion-Milling Techniques For Cross-Sectional TEM of Semiconductors

1985 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
pp. 166-167
Author(s):  
Julia T. Luck ◽  
C. W. Boggs ◽  
S. J. Pennycook
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Sample Surface ◽  
Ion Milling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Reliable Technique ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Thin Region ◽  
Transient Thermal

The use of cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) has become invaluable for the characterization of the near-surface regions of semiconductors following ion-implantation and/or transient thermal processing. A fast and reliable technique is required which produces a large thin region while preserving the original sample surface. New analytical techniques, particularly the direct imaging of dopant distributions, also require good thickness uniformity. Two methods of ion milling are commonly used, and are compared below. The older method involves milling with a single gun from each side in turn, whereas a newer method uses two guns to mill from both sides simultaneously.

Spectral Investigation on the Growth and Characterization of NLO Crystals of Thiourea Succinic Acid Single Crystal.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
Kannan.P ◽  
Thambidurai.S ◽  
Suresh.N
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Succinic Acid ◽  
Slow Evaporation Technique ◽  
Absorption Studies ◽  
Dta Analysis ◽  
Evaporation Technique ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Ir Spectroscopic ◽  
Thermal Stability Of

Growth of optically transparent single crystals of thiourea succinic acid (TUSA) was grown successfully from aqueous solution by slow evaporation technique. The crystal structure was elucidated using the single crystal XRD. The various functional groups and the modes of vibrations were identified by FT-IR spectroscopic analysis. The optical absorption studies indicate that the optical transparency window is quite wide making its suitable for NLO applications. Thermal stability of the crown crystal carried out by TGA-DTA analysis.

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