scholarly journals Reinforcement of Grammatical Structures through Explicit Instruction in Palenquero Creole: A Pilot Study

Languages ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Estilita María Cassiani Obeso
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Heritage Speakers ◽  
Complex Morphology ◽  
Bidirectional Communication ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Critical Feedback ◽  
The Village ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The Afro-Hispanic creole, Palenquero, has been spoken (together with Spanish) in the village of San Basilio de Palenque, Colombia, for centuries. Until recently, Palenquero was endangered due to prejudice, but language revitalization efforts are underway, and younger speakers are learning Palenquero, but with little reinforcement out of school. The school instruction involves no grammatical explanations, almost no student production, or critical feedback. Adult speakers usually do not address younger speakers in Palenquero, thus leaving school-acquired forms suspended without reinforcement. This represents a unique scenario of heritage acquisition of a language with no bidirectional communication between younger and adult speakers. The present study focuses on the use of preverbal particles and prenominal plural marker by heritage speakers of Palenquero before and after explicit instruction. Communication activities explicitly presented the prenominal plural ma and preverbal particles, such as zero morpheme (simple present), asé (habitual), ta (progressive), a (perfective/simple past) and tan (future). Participants performed better at the post-test and results suggest that explicit explanation of grammatical rules, practice, repetition, and corrective feedback improved the usage of ma and tan. This result lines up with previous studies that posit the amount of time and exposure that learners need in order to acquire complex morphology.

scholarly journals Explicit and implicit instruction of refusal strategies: Does working memory capacity play a role?

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-188
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Ahmadian
Keyword(s):  
Working Memory ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Working Memory Capacity ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Memory Capacity ◽  
Implicit Instruction ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Implicit And Explicit ◽  
And Control ◽  
Refusal Strategies

This study investigated the differential effects of implicit and explicit instruction of refusal strategies in English and whether and how the impacts of instruction methods interact with learners’ working memory capacity (WMC). 78 learners of English were assigned to three groups (explicit, implicit, and control). Implicit instruction was operationalized through input enhancement and provision of recast. In the explicit instruction group, participants received description and exemplification of refusal strategies and were provided with explicit corrective feedback. Prior to the treatment, all participants took WMC test, Discourse Completion Test (DCT) and completed a pragmatics comprehension questionnaire (CQ). Results revealed that explicit instruction was more effective than implicit instruction for both production and comprehension of refusals and that both implicit and explicit groups maintained the improvement in the delayed post-test administered two months later. In addition, whilst WMC scores were positively and strongly correlated with gains in the immediate and delayed post-test for both DCT and CQ in the implicit group, no meaningful relationship was found for explicit and control groups. The unique feature of this research is demonstrating that explicit instruction of refusal strategies equalizes learning opportunities for all learners with differential levels of WMC.

scholarly journals EFEKTIVITAS PENDIDIKAN KESEHATAN PERKEMBANGAN JANIN DALAM MENINGKATKAN MOTIVASI IBU HAMIL UNTUK MEMBERIKAN STIMULASI SISTEM INDRA JANIN DI DESA KARANG SENTUL KABUPATEN PASURUAN

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Veryudha Eka P ◽  
Lutfi Wahyuni ◽  
Yunitia Fitria
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Early Stimulation ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Maternal Motivation ◽  
Strong Motivation ◽  
The Village ◽  
Stimulation Of

Sensory abilities or sensitivity of a baby had been there since the baby was stillin the womb. Therefore, the stimulation was important since the baby was new born, even sinve the baby was still in the womb. The stimulation could be done since the early in the form of auditory, visual, tactileand kinesthetic stimulus. Parents’motivationwas very important in the process of providing early stimulation in the fetus, because of that they need to be equipped with knowledge and skills regarding early stimulation in the fetus through health education. This study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of health education in improving maternal motivation to do the stimulation of the fetusin the village of Karang Sentul district of Gondang Wetan region of Pasuruan. Research design used was analytic experiment with quasyexperimental approach with one group pretest-posttest design. Sampling was done with saturated sampling technique. The samples in this study were 23 pregnant women. Data collection was performed by conducting pretest before giving health education, and then did the post test after giving of health education. Based on the result of crosstab between the motivation of pregnant women before and after giving health education showed significant increasing on strong motivation category from 39,1% to 100 %. Giving health education about fetus stimulation can increase the motivation of pregnant women to stimulate the fetus. So it can be interpreted that health education is effective in increasing the motivation of pregnant women to stimulate the fetus.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Penggunaan Elastic Lumbal Corset Terhadap Penurunan Derajat Nyeri Pinggang Pada Buruh Tani Di Desa Tinawas Nogosari Boyolali

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cica Tri Mandasari Ningsih ◽  
Dwi Setyawan
Keyword(s):  
Low Back Pain ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Farm Workers ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Low Back ◽  
It Use ◽  
Farm Laborer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
The Village

Abstract : Back Pain, Pain, Lumbar Elastic Corset. The research was purposed to determine the effect of the use of elastic lumbar corset against degradation of low back pain in farm workers. The low back pain is pain that occurs in the area of the lower back and can spread to the foot, especially the back and sides outside. Giving elastic lumbar corset is one way to deal with complaints of back pain is often experienced farm workers. The subjects included 20 farm laborers in the village Tinawas Nogosari Boyolali. To analyze the data, it use quasi experiment methode with approaches one group pre and post test design. The statistical analysis using non-parametric tests of hypotheses for subjects <30 using Wilcoxon test. The Treatment in this research that the whole subject is applied elastic lumbar corset for 2 weeks. The result showed that the VAS values of different test results using Wilcoxon test, the pre and post test result p = 0.000 (<0.05), which means it can be concluded there is peberbedaan or significant influence between before and after the use of elastic corset. So, the hypothesis proposed in this research was accepted. In conclusion, it can be said that pain management waist on a farm laborer using elastic lumbar corset can reduce pain she felt every day on a farm laborer in the village Tinawas Nogosari Boyolali.

scholarly journals Penyuluhan Kesehatan Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur di Rw 003 Kelurahan Benda Baru Pamulang Sebagai Upaya Pencegahan Tuberkolosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 37
Author(s):  
Fini Fajrini ◽  
Ade Akhmad Bukhori ◽  
Adzhani Khanza Ramadhani ◽  
Fara Sulti Nadya ◽  
Hani Nur Syarifah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
The People ◽  
Intervention Community ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Fruit Preference ◽  
Program Intervention ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Village

Di Indonesia pemberantasan penyakit tuberkulosis telah dimulai sejak tahun 1950 dan sesuai rekomendasi WHO sejak tahun 1986 regimen pengobatan yang semula 12 bulan diganti dengan pengobatan selama 6-9 bulan. Pemerintah sudah sangat serius memperhatikan masalah TBC, dengan memberikan bantuan berupa pemberian obat TBC secara gratis. Namun faktanya, efektifitas pengobatan yang dilakukan oleh penderita TBC masih rendah. Tingkat kesembuhan penderita tuberkulosis adalah sebesar 85,30%, dengan tingkat kesukaan buah sebanyak 84%. Namun intensitas responden dalam mengkonsumsi buah hanya sebesar 68% dan tingkat konsumsi buah hanya sebesar 65,30%, serta tingkat keteraturan konsumsi buah saat menderita tuberkulosis hanya sebesar 67,30%. Berdasarkan hasil Musyawarah Masyarakat Desa, masyarakat sepakat untuk memilih TBC untuk menjadi acuan intervensi program. Pengabdian Masyarakat yang dilakukan dalam bentuk penyuluhan ini mengangkat tema “Ayo Konsumsi Buah dan Sayur untuk Putus Tali Penularan TBC.” Penyuluhan kesehatan ini dilaksanakan pada hari Sabtu, 15 Februari 2020 di Mushola AR-Rahman RT 04 RW 003. Dihadiri oleh 30 orang terdiri dari lapisan masyarakat dari RW 003 Kelurahan Benda Baru. Berdasarkan hasil perhitungan pre-test dan post-test, didapatkan bahwa ada peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat terkait manfaat buah dan sayur untuk penyakit Tuberkolosis antara sebelum dan setelah diberikan penyuluhan. Disarankan agar kebiasaan maka buah dan sayur bisa menjadi kebiasaan di tengan masyarakat.---In Indonesia the eradication of tuberculosis has been started since 1950 and according to WHO recommendations since 1986 the treatment regimen that was originally 12 months replaced with treatment for 6-9 months. The government has been very serious about paying attention to the TBC problem, by providing assistance in the form of giving free TBC medicines. But in fact, the effectiveness of treatment carried out by people with TBC is still low. It was found that the cure rate of tuberculosis patients was 85.30%, with a fruit preference rate of 84%. But the intensity of respondents in consuming fruit was only 68% and the level of fruit consumption was only 65.30%, and the level of regularity of fruit consumption when suffering from tuberculosis was only 67.30%. Based on the results of the Village Community Conference, the community agreed to choose TBC as a reference for program intervention. Community Service is carried out in the form of counseling with the theme "Let's Eat Fruits and Vegetables to Break the Rope of TBC Transmission." This health education was held on Saturday, February 15, 2020 at Mushola AR-Rahman RT 04 RW 003. Attended by 30 people consisting of people from RW 003 Benda Baru Village. Based on the results of the pre-test and post-test calculations, it was found that there was an increase in community knowledge related to the benefits of fruits and vegetables for tuberculosis between before and after counseling. It  is suggested that the habbit of fruit and vagetables can become a habit among the people.

scholarly journals The Effect of Explicit Instruction of Requests on Saudi EFL learners using a pre-test, post-test Approach

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Israa A Qari
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Test Instruction ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Request Strategies

The aim of the current study is to test whether explicit instruction of various L2 request forms can be a useful measure in developing Saudi learners’ linguistic and pragmatic competences. This study is based on the results obtained from a previous research investigating interlanguage requests. The findings in that study suggested that the second language learners were not aware of some of the request strategies which were exclusively employed by the British English native speakers. The aim and the question of this study is to find out whether explicit instruction of request strategies will be effective in helping Saudi EFL learners gain linguistic knowledge and achieve pragmatic appropriateness in making requests in L2. Thirty female foundation year students participated in this study. They were all EFL learners studying at King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The group underwent three phases of instruction: pre-test, instruction/intervention, and post-test. The first and last phases consisted of written questionnaires which were distributed right before and after the instruction phase. The results showed that in the third phase, the students demonstrated great progress in their understanding of request forms in L2. Their improvement was manifested by the learners’ acknowledgement of these forms as proper employment of request strategies in English, recognition of request function names, ability to assign correct functions to linguistic realizations and their overall understanding of the appropriate use of these forms dictated by the weightiness of different request situations.

scholarly journals A Cognitively Designed Error Correction Log for Facilitating the Learning of Grammatical Structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
David Frear
Keyword(s):  
Error Correction ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The exploratory study investigated the effectiveness of a new tool referred to as the error correction log (ECL). It was designed from a cognitive SLA perspective to facilitate learning, in the context of this study, of grammatical structures, following the receipt of written corrective feedback (WCF). The uniqueness of the ECL is that it guides learners through the cognitive processes deemed to underlie acquisition of grammatical structures, namely, noticing-the-gap (Schmidt & Frota, 1986), noticing (Schmidt, 1990, 2001) and noticing with metalinguistic understanding (Leow, 1997; Schmidt, 2001), and in the process potentially change the type of WCF available to learners. As the ECL was designed by the author, no study has investigated its effectiveness against a more established means of attending to WCF. In the case of the study presented here, the ECL was compared against studying WCF for a period of time. Utilizing a quasi-experimental design (a pre-test, treatment, immediate post-test, and delayed post-test), the treatment was a focused direct WCF plus ECL group versus a focused direct WCF plus study group. A control group received no WCF. The tests were three writing tasks; the target structure was regular past tense verbs. While the ECL group improved over time, the study group and the control group did not. The ECL group outperformed the control group in the delayed post-test, whereas the study group did not. An analysis of whether the corrected past tense verbs were subsequently used or not used in the post-tests demonstrated a lack of correct use for the ECL group; this, with an analysis of the ECLs for the provision of a metalinguistic explanation, suggest learners may have been able to change direct WCF (potential noticing) to direct WCF plus metalinguistic explanation (potential noticing plus metalinguistic understanding) leading to the suggestion these learners likely drew on the corrected verbs, their preexisting vocabulary-learned knowledge and preexisting metalinguistic knowledge (implicitly and explicitly acquired) when completing the delayed post-test. These results will be discussed in relation to research, theory and practice.

scholarly journals The Effect of Explicit Instruction of Requests on Saudi EFL learners using a pre-test, post-test Approach

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-127
Author(s):  
Israa A Qari
Keyword(s):  
Language Learners ◽  
Second Language Learners ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Linguistic Knowledge ◽  
Efl Learners ◽  
Test Instruction ◽  
Third Phase ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Request Strategies

The aim of the current study is to test whether explicit instruction of various L2 request forms can be a useful measure in developing Saudi learners’ linguistic and pragmatic competences. This study is based on the results obtained from a previous research investigating interlanguage requests. The findings in that study suggested that the second language learners were not aware of some of the request strategies which were exclusively employed by the British English native speakers. The aim and the question of this study is to find out whether explicit instruction of request strategies will be effective in helping Saudi EFL learners gain linguistic knowledge and achieve pragmatic appropriateness in making requests in L2. Thirty female foundation year students participated in this study. They were all EFL learners studying at King Abdul Aziz University in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The group underwent three phases of instruction: pre-test, instruction/intervention, and post-test. The first and last phases consisted of written questionnaires which were distributed right before and after the instruction phase. The results showed that in the third phase, the students demonstrated great progress in their understanding of request forms in L2. Their improvement was manifested by the learners’ acknowledgement of these forms as proper employment of request strategies in English, recognition of request function names, ability to assign correct functions to linguistic realizations and their overall understanding of the appropriate use of these forms dictated by the weightiness of different request situations.

scholarly journals Model Explicit Intruction dalam Materi Kawih Sunda

LOKABASA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cica Zahra Nadia ◽  
Rahman Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
Statistical Test ◽  
Test Design ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Academic Year

This research is motivated by the lack of students' abilities in Sundanese. The purpose of this study is to describe the ability of ngawih before and after using the Explicit Intruction model, whether or not increasing after using the Explicit Intruction model, as well as describing the difference between the ngawih ability before and after using the Explicit Intruction model. The method used in this study is a quasi-experimental method, to students of class XI KPU-2 SMK Negeri 12 Bandung by using a pre-test and post-test design. Based on the results of research conducted, the average before using the Explicit Intruction model is (30.14) which proves that students are not capable of being incompetent, while the average after using the Explicit Intruction model is (75.88) which proves students are capable of being incompetent. Based on the statistical test results the significance value (Sig.2-tailed) is (0,000 0.5) or less than 0.5. Thus, H1 is accepted and H0 is rejected. This means that there is a significant difference between the ability to appear before and after using the Explicit Instruction model. This shows that the Explicit Intruction learning model can improve the Sundanese ngawih ability of class XI KPU-2 students of SMK Negeri 12 Bandung in Academic Year 2018/2019. AbstrakPenelitian ini dilatarbelakangi oleh kurangnya kemampuan siswa dalam ngawih Sunda. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mendeskripsikan kemampuan ngawih sebelum dan setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction, meningkat atau tidaknya setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction, serta mendeskripsikan perbedaan antara kemampuan ngawih sebelum dan setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode kuasi eksperimen, kepada siswa kelas XI KPU-2 SMK Negeri 12 Bandung dengan menggunakan desain pre-test dan post-test. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian yang dilaksanakan, rata –rata sebelum menggunakan model Explicit Intruction adalah (30,14) yang membuktikan bahwa siswa belum mampu ngawih, sedangkan rata-rata setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction adalah (75,88) yang membuktikan siswa mampu ngawih. Berdasarkan hasil uji statistika nilai signifikansi (Sig.2-tailed) yaitu (0,0000,5) atau kurang dari 0,5. Dengan demikian, H1 diterima serta H0 ditolak. Artinya ada perbedaan yang signifikan anatar kemampuan ngawih sebelum dan setelah menggunakan model Explicit Intruction. Hal ini menunjukan bahwa model pembelajaran Explicit Intruction dapat meningkatkan kemampuan ngawih Sunda siswa kelas XI KPU-2 SMK Negeri 12 Bandung Tahun Ajaran 2018/2019.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF WRITTEN CORRECTIVE FEEDBACK STRATEGIES ON COLLOCATION ERRORS OF LOW-PERFORMING ESL LEARNERS

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
Abang Fhaeizdhyall ◽  
Collin Jerome
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Corrective Feedback ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Grammatical Aspect ◽  
Written Corrective Feedback ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
Feedback Strategies ◽  
Esl Learners ◽  
Grammatical Structures

The studies on error correction have been laying their emphasis on grammatical structures of the language with lack of focus on non-grammatical aspect such as lexical collocation. Therefore, this study aims at investigating the effect of direct and indirect written corrective feedback on low-performing ESL learners. Ninety-two students of a public university involved in the study. Three intact groups that have equal proficiency were identified at the beginning of the university’s academic term. A quasi-experimental design was employed with two experimental groups receiving indirect WCF and direct WCF separately, and a control group deprived of any treatment. The groups were measured in three different time points with pre-test before the intervention, immediate post-test after the intervention, and delayed post-test to measure retention effect. One-way ANOVA and repeated-measures ANOVA were used to measure the effect. The findings reveal that significant differences were detected in immediate post-tests of direct and indirect WCF groups which indicate that both WCF strategies can enhance participants’ collocational competency. Additionally, the findings also show that direct WCF strategy greatly affects participants collocation errors despite both groups performed better than the control group. This study demonstrates that retention effect was detected in the group that received direct WCF while the indirect WCF group was not able to retain - in delayed post-test. Recommendation is also discussed for Future directions of studies.Â

scholarly journals Explicit phonetic instruction vs. implicit attention to native exposure: phonological awareness of English schwa in CLIL

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (4) ◽  
pp. 419-442
Author(s):  
Esther Gomez Lacabex ◽  
Francisco Gallardo-del-Puerto
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Explicit Instruction ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Teacher Input ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Post Test ◽  
Disyllabic Words ◽  
Phonetic Instruction

AbstractThe present study aims at determining whether instruction in the form of explicit phonetic training and of implicit exposure to native input impacted Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) students’ phonological awareness of the occurrence of English schwa in unstressed syllables of content words (bacon). Four intact CLIL groups were administered a perception task immediately before and after an intervention period of one month in which two groups underwent explicit instruction on the incidence of reduced vowels versus full vowels in English disyllabic words while another group was exposed to native input in their CLIL sessions. A fourth CLIL group with neither explicit intervention nor native teacher input served as control group. All four groups tended to judge both schwas and full vowels as correct in the pre-test, indicating that they were not knowledgeable of the general pattern of vowel reduction occurrence in unstressed syllables in English prior to intervention. In the post-test, the three experimental groups significantly improved their ability to identify full vowels as incorrect, the groups receiving explicit instruction exhibiting higher gains than the group which was implicitly exposed to native input.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document