scholarly journals Breaking the Vicious Cycle between Illness and Poverty: Empirical Actions on Land Use in an Oasis Agricultural Area

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Lu Zhang ◽  
Yannan Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

Illness and poverty have been identified to be mutually influential, thereby forming a vicious cycle. Cutting off this vicious circle will be of great significance in the long-term planning of rural poverty reduction. Most of the existing studies have been conducted in proposing medical policies. Thus, these policies neglect the ability of the poor themselves. In oasis agricultural areas, the land is the critical resource, and improving land-use efficiency has been proposed as the key entry point for breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and illness. This article summarizes the success achieved in fighting health-related poverty in South Xinjiang, China, which can be attributed to a three-pronged approach that addresses the construction of the living, production, and ecological spaces. (1) Construction of the living space should be the first step in breaking the vicious cycle of poverty and illness since it can improve the medical and basic living infrastructure. (2) Construction of the production space is critical for breaking the vicious cycle since it can directly increase the income of the poor. Specifically, the profit can be improved by increasing crop yields, developing animal husbandry, and participating in land circulation and rural cooperatives. Additionally, the construction of township enterprises can provide employment to the poor. (3) In regard to the construction of the ecological space, preventing and controlling desertification, as well as renovating the village environment, is essential for providing a good living environment that is conducive to the improvement of physical fitness. Constructing the multi-spaces of “living–production–ecological” has important implications in terms of transforming the vicious cycle into a virtuous one, which is crucial for designing national poverty reduction policies.

DEVELOPMENT OF FARM ECONOMY IN NGHE AN PROVINCE

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (7) ◽  
pp. 114-125
Author(s):  
Trang Nguyen Thi Thanh ◽  
Tuyen Tran Thi ◽  
Yen Hoang Phan Hai ◽  
Hoai Nguyen Thi
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Development Theory ◽  
Farm Income ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Product Consumption ◽  
Production Building ◽  
Treatment Facilities

Nghe An is the largest province area in Viet Nam with many favorable conditions for developing farm economy. Researching on the farm economy in Nghe An is approached in the direction of sustainable development theory and from the farm owners. Base on principle of sustainable development to survey 150 farms, which were selected by two criteria group: distribution such as mountains, midland, coast plain and types of farms such as cultivation, animal husbandry, forestry, aquaculture. The content was collected focus on: land use, labor, product value, average farm income and land use efficiency,.... Based on the results analyzed, there are some problems in Nghe An farms development: the scale of farms are small, quality product is not high, dificulties in product consumption, there is not link between farms, environmental protection issues are not paid attention,… This is not meet the need of sustainable development. Some solutions are proposed, such as: expanding farm scale, creating the close links between farm owners and enterprises, applying the scientific advances in production, building the waste treatment facilities and developing specialized products by region advantage, etc.

SOCIO-ECONOMIC EMPOWERMENT OF WOMEN THROUGH MICRO CREDIT: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY

2021 ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
T. Indumathi ◽  
G. Savaraiah
Keyword(s):  
Rural Women ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
Economic Empowerment ◽  
Political Empowerment ◽  
The Poor ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Micro Credit

The World Bank's Andhra Pradesh Rural Poverty Reduction Project supports the self helf groups of the women members. It promotes women's social, economic, legal and political empowerment to reduce poverty among the poor and the poorest of the poor. The important object of this article is to examine the impact of micronance on the socio economic empowerment of the rural women supported by the national reputed NGO- Rashtriya Seva Samithi (RASS). 184 women members of the SHGs promoted by Rasthriya Seva Samathi (RASS) an NGO which located in Tirupati town. 184 samples are selected randomly from 15 SHGs scattered throughout the Tirupati rural mandal (Taluk) from the area of the study have been considered to conduct the present research study. The study reveals that 87.71 percent of the sample women were below the poverty line before joining the SHGs. As a result of SHG, about 40 percent of the sample women crossed the poverty line. The highest intensive value indicates that more women have participated in social agitations for the welfare of the children and the society. The second highest intensity reveals that considerable numbers of women of SHGs have participated in the government sponsored schemes. The 1st point secured 3rd rank with total intensity value of 605 which status that the micro credit has resulted in increased social status and empowerment.

Research of Land Use Efficiency in Mountainous Township Based on the Methods of DEA

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 507-511
Author(s):  
Yu He ◽  
Li Li Huo
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Industrial Structure ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Scale Efficiency ◽  
Mountain Areas ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Output Efficiency ◽  
Use Efficiency

Town land is the carrier of town’s economy, society and environment, and its land use efficiency has a close relationship with town’s economic development as well as living environment construction. This study selects towns of Zigui County as research objects to explore characteristics of land use efficiency in mountain areas. The study results show that: 1) Maoping, Lianghekou, Meijiahe and Moping, of which technical efficiency and scale efficiency equal to 1, achieve the best condition of land use efficiency. 2) In Quyuan, Guizhou, Shuitianba, Xietan and Zhouping, moderately enlarging towns’ scale will be helpful to strengthen agglomeration economy effect, and improve towns land use efficiency. While in Shazhengxi, Yanglinqiao and Guojiaba, it needs to decrease these towns’ scale moderately to prevent the waste of resource. 3) Inputs’ inefficiency and outputs’ insufficiency are the main factors result in the differences of input and output efficiency. 4) Accelerate Industrial Restructuring, optimize Industrial Structure, improve service efficiency of fixed assets investments, appropriately control the scale of construction land are the most important way to improve land use efficiency in Zigui County.

scholarly journals Alley Cropping Increases Land Use Efficiency and Economic Profitability Across the Combination Cultivation Period

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huasen Xu ◽  
Huaxing Bi ◽  
Lubo Gao ◽  
Lei Yun
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Alley Cropping ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Land Use Efficiency ◽  
Term Experiment ◽  
Long Term Experiment ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Short Term Experiment

Alley cropping allows the famer to effectively use available resources and yield more benefits. Choosing suitable associated crop and mitigating the competition between trees and crops are crucial for designing the alley cropping systems. We conducted a long-term experiment, including apple (Malus pumila)/peanut (Arachis hypogaea), apple/millet (Setaria italica) and apple/maize (Zea mays) alley cropping systems with conventional intercropping distance, and corresponding monocultures (Exp.1), and a short-term experiment with improved intercropping distance in the same three combinations (Exp.2) in the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed crop yields in three alley cropping systems were lower than the corresponding monocultures. Apple yields were significantly constrained by millet and maize in the alley cropping systems, but not sensitive to the presence of peanut. Land equivalent ratios (LERs) ranged from 0.44 to 0.89 before the tree bore fruit. The LERs were greater than 1.0 after the tree bore fruit, and the apple trees made a decisive contribution to the land use advantage. Net present values of three alley cropping systems were on average 60.1% higher than the corresponding monocultures across the alley cropping period. The maximum annual present value in the first–fifth, sixth and seventh–ninth years after the alley cropping establishment was observed in the apple/maize, apple/millet and apple/peanut system, respectively. These results highlight that choosing the optimal alley cropping management and suitable associated crops at different years after establishment may allow farmers to increase the land use efficiency and economic profitability.

scholarly journals Why are Narratives that Place the Blame for Deforestation on the Rural Poor so Pervasive and so Persistent?

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeetesh Rai
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Rural Poor ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Hermeneutic Circle ◽  
The Public ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty

Deforestation is a prominent issue in the call for global environmental sustainability whose status transcends the realm of environmental studies and extends to the broader domains of public policy and popular concern. Deforestation issues are complex, and narratives provide the simple explanations needed by policymakers and the public. One of the most common narratives explaining deforestation places the blame on the rural poor. These narratives make facile connections between the poor who depend on the forests for their livelihood and the environmental degradation which is taking place in their immediate vicinity. They unite two major problems in a neat hermeneutic circle: the rural poor are caught in a vicious cycle of poverty and environmental degradation, where they are both the victims and the perpetrators. While rural poverty and deforestation are closely connected, the relationship is a complex one - contrary to what such simple narratives lead us to believe - and the causes of deforestation remain unclear. This article discusses the causes that explain why are narratives that place the blame for deforestation on the rural poor so pervasive and so persistent?

scholarly journals THE DETERMINANTS OF RURAL POVERTY (A Study of Tobacco Farmers in Temanggung)

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 037
Author(s):  
Fuad Hasyim
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Structural Problem ◽  
Analysis Techniques ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Poor

Rural poverty is a problem that seemed vicious because poverty is a structural problem that will always be there. Poverty of farmers in rural areas must be addressed in an effort to increase the capacity and capability of farmers to form farmers' productive behaviors that have an impact on increasing empowerment.This study tried to explore the problems of poverty in rural areas, particularly poverty tobacco farmers in Temanggung. This is motivated because the Temanggung tobaccos are the world's best tobacco, but its majority people are poor. This study uses primary data approach, the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using path analysis. Then in-depth explanation with interviews and observations analysis techniques to obtain optimal qualitative interpretation.The results showed that the capacity, culture, government empowerment, social capital and religiosity as independent variables affect the attitudes of society, which in turn affect the empowerment of the poor as poverty reduction efforts.

scholarly journals The determinants of under-5 age children malnutrition and the differences in the distribution of stunting–A study from Armenia

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0249776
Author(s):  
Pavitra Paul ◽  
Bhanu Arra ◽  
Mihran Hakobyan ◽  
Marine G. Hovhannisyan ◽  
Jussi Kauhanen
Keyword(s):  
Performance Studies ◽  
Vicious Cycle ◽  
Socioeconomic Groups ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Distributional Effect ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Health Survey Data ◽  
Cycle Of Poverty ◽  
And Child Health

Stunting undermines economic growth by perpetuating the vicious cycle of poverty and labour market performance. Studies have captured the trend in stunting and present distributional evidence of policy effects in the country contexts. We identify the determinants of U5 (under 5 years of age) malnutrition for the poor and the Nonpoor and compare the distribution of stunting at four time points (2000, 2005, 2010 and 2015) over a 15-year period between different groups of population. Further, we decompose the gap in malnutrition into causes of differences in stunting between worse-off and better-off socioeconomic groups of the population and estimate the magnitude of distributional differences in stunting between two socioeconomic groups. We also present the inequality trend over time that provides insights into the dynamicity of the effect of different determinants on stunting at different time points. Using 35,490 observations from Armenian Demographic and Health Survey Data [four waves: Year2015,9533; Year2010,8644; Year2005,8919; Year2000,8334], we apply regression-based decomposition method and inequality measures to identify the determinants of malnutrition and distribution of stunting between and within socioeconomic groups. Although the proportional difference in prevalence of stunting between worse-off and better-off children of 13 months and above are reduced by 9.5% in 2015 compared to 2000, the association between socioeconomic position and stunting is statistically significant among children aged 13 months and above in 2000, as well as among children of 36 months and above in 2015. This study demonstrates that the less of socioeconomic distribution of the population, but rather more of the effect from in-country region and settlement of residence are significantly associated with stunting. The approach of our analysis is potentially also a useful tool to generate evidence for decision making towards achieving SDGs 2.2. We conclude that development in childhood is not independent from the distributional effect of region specific development initiatives. Understanding the regional characteristics and resources allocated for the maternal and child health is the necessity to address stunting.

Dimensions of Rural Poverty as Social Problems

2022 ◽  
pp. 43-56
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Social Problem ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Power Structures ◽  
Structural Inequality ◽  
Distribution Of Wealth ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Distribution Of Power ◽  
Political Economic

This chapter uses a sociological approach to tackle poverty as a social problem. As a social problem, sociologists believe poverty is linked to the distribution of wealth and power structures and how political, economic, institutional arrangements, and historical conditions shape our lives and the possibilities to survive in a competitive world. They use analytic framework that shifts from the current popular focus of blaming the victim to addressing the inequalities of the distribution of power, wealth, and opportunity. Second, the chapter broadens the poverty reduction narrative to recognize that studying poverty is not the same thing as studying the poor. This framework turns empirical attention to political, economic, institutional, and historical conditions, as well as the policy decisions that shape the distribution of power and wealth, and interventions that seek to change the conditions of structural inequality and social stratification rather than narrowly focusing on changing the poor.

scholarly journals Pro-poor Leasehold Forestry: A Community-based Tenure Regime in Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
Govinda Prasad Kafley ◽  
Krishna Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Poor People ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Poor ◽  
User Groups ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Forest Rehabilitation

  Nepal’s Leasehold Forestry (LHF) programme,which has the twin goals of degraded forest rehabilitation and rural poverty alleviation, started in the early 1990s and is regarded as a priority forestry programme in Nepal.There has been limited documentationof the impact of the LHF programme as well as of the issues and challenges faced by it. On the basis of scarce existing literature and of our long experience working in the programme, we, in this paper, discuss such impacts, issues and challenges. We suggest that the programme has so far been quite positive in meeting the stated objectives; however, there remains a range of issues that deserve on-going attention. While the programme, in general, is criticized for its strategy of handing over poor quality land to the poor people, the communities’ tenure rights over land and forest resources is not fully secured either. Provisions regarding the transfer of tenure rights to the kin and/or in the context of absentees are absent, and the benefit sharing mechanisms are unclear in case of trees which were present at the time of handover, and compete across other overlapping forest management activities. Support services available to the LHF user groups are inadequate and discontinuous, limiting the opportunities for the poor leaseholders to harness their potential to pool resources from other poverty reduction programmes and influence policy processes. We indicate some areas of intervention at policy and programme levels that seek to overcome these issues and to provide wider space for LHF user groups to exercise their agency towards achieving the programme’s goals effectively, efficiently and equitably.

scholarly journals Non-governmental organisations and rural poverty reduction strategies in Zimbabwe: A case of Binga rural district

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 59-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Mago ◽  
Daina Nyathi ◽  
Costa Hofisi
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Poverty Alleviation ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Rural Poverty ◽  
Participatory Development ◽  
Rural District ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Reduction Strategies ◽  
The Government

The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effectiveness of strategies implemented by Non-governmental organisation (NGOs) for poverty alleviation in Zimbabwe with specific reference to Zimbabwe’s Binga Rural District. The qulitative research methodology was employed in the article. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. Findings indicated that NGOs do not adequately fulfil the needs of the poor due to ineffective strategies that they implement. There is insufficient understanding of the livelihoods of the poor in Binga, hence the need for participatory development approaches. Deepening and widening poverty in the rural areas that are currently served by NGOs is an indicator that their poverty alleviation strategies are inadequate and ineffective to deal with poverty in these rural areas. The paper recommends a policy shift by both NGOs and the government to improve the poverty reduction strategies used by NGOs.

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