scholarly journals Reduced MIP-1β as a Trait Marker and Reduced IL-7 and IL-12 as State Markers of Anorexia Nervosa

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 814
Author(s):  
Johanna Louise Keeler ◽  
Olivia Patsalos ◽  
Raymond Chung ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
Gerome Breen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Trait Marker ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Alterations in certain inflammatory markers have been found in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN). However, their relation to clinical characteristics has not been extensively explored, nor is it clear whether they are trait or state features of the disorder. This cross-sectional study measured serum concentrations of 36 inflammatory markers in people with acute AN (n = 56), recovered AN (rec-AN; n = 24) and healthy controls (HC; n = 51). The relationship between body mass index (BMI), eating disorder psychopathology, depression symptoms and inflammatory markers was assessed. Statistical models controlled for variables known to influence cytokine concentrations (i.e., age, ethnicity, smoking status and medication usage). Overall, most inflammatory markers including pro-inflammatory cytokines were unchanged in AN and rec-AN. However, in AN and rec-AN, concentrations of macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1β were lower than HCs. Interleukin (IL)-7 and IL-12/IL-23p40 were reduced in AN, and concentrations of macrophage-derived chemokine, MIP-1α and tumor necrosis factor-α were reduced in rec-AN compared to HC. In conclusion, a reduction in MIP-1β may be a trait marker of the illness, whereas reductions in IL-7 and IL-12/IL-23p40 may be state markers. The absence of increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in AN is contradictory to the wider literature, although the inclusion of covariates may explain our differing findings.

scholarly journals Serum IL-17, obesity, and metabolic risk in Mexican young adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Celia Aradillas-García ◽  
Elizabeth Monreal-Escalante ◽  
Juan Manuel Vargas-Morlaes ◽  
Jorge Alegría-Torres ◽  
Sergio Rosales-Méndoza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anthropometric Measurement ◽  
Activated T Cells ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Obesity And Overweight ◽  
Metabolic Comorbidities ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

BACKGROUND: Obesity and several inflammatory pathways contribute to the development of metabolic diseases. Some pro-inflammatory cytokines and other signal proteins produced in fat and liver appear to propagate inflammation systemically. IL-17 is a pro-inflammatory cytokine secreted by activated T-cells. Upon binding to its receptor, IL-17 activates a cascade of signals that include MAPK, NF-kB and other pro- inflammatory cytokines. The aim of this study was to determine if the IL-17 levels are associated with obesity and its metabolic comorbidities in young adults. METHODS: Cross-sectional study in the UP AMIGOS 2009 cohort. Anthropometric measurement and blood samples were collected. Fasting glucose, insulin, and serum lipid profile was measured by conventional methods. Serum IL-17 was determined by ELISA assay in 102 individuals with obesity and overweight also in 306 lean students (aged 18 to 26 years old. RESULTS: Higher levels of IL-17 were found in the group with obesity (34.99 pg/mL) when compared to lean subjects (26.57 pg/mL). In addition, a positive correlation between serum IL-17 and body mass index and waist circumference in the group with obesity were detected. CONCLUSIONS: Increased IL-17 levels in young individuals with obesity and overweight are associated with risk factors for developing chronic metabolic diseases

scholarly journals Correlation between Circulating Levels of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines TNF-alpha and Vascular Calcification Inhibitor Matrix Gla Protein in Obese Men

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Trilis Yulianti ◽  
Mansyur Arif ◽  
Andi Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Matrix Gla Protein ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Circulating Levels ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

BACKGROUND: Adult obesity is rapidly increasing in the world including Indonesia. Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) was chronically elevated in obese adipose tissue. TNF-α, a pleiotropic cytokine and also a regulator of bone formation, may might represent an important link between obesity and vascular calcification. Elegant genetic studies in mice and human have highlighted the important roles for Matrix Gla Protein (MGP) as an inhibitor of vascular calcification. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation between circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and vascular calcification inhibitor MGP in obese men.METHODS: This was an observational cross-sectional study including 40 central obese men (waist circumference ≥90 cm) aged 31-60 years old. Serum MGP and serum TNF-α concentrations were quantified by ELISA principle. Fasting plasma glucose was assessed using hexokinase methods, triglyceride by GPO-PAP methods, and creatinine by Jaffe methods. All assays were performed according to the manufacture instruction. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS for windows ver 16. Univariate analysis were performed to analyze mean, maximum, minimum value and SD. Pearson correlation statistic were performed to determine the correlation between variables. Significance value were define as alpha level = 0.05 based on two-tailed tests.RESULTS: The cross-sectional study (n=40) showed that the advancing age was correlated with plasma TNF-α concentration (r=0.348; p=0.028). The mean concentration of TNF-α and MGP were 8.323 and 8.368, respectively. We found a significant negative correlation between TNF-α with MGP (r=-0.425; p=0.006) and a significant correlation between TNF-α and triglyceride (r=0.375; p=0.017).CONCLUSIONS: Circulating level of TNF-α was inversely correlated with MGP concentration in obese men. This finding suggested that high level TNF-α leads to low MGP concentration obese men, hence, limits inhibitory capacity in vascular calcification.KEYWORDS: hypertension, obesity, vascular calcification, MGP, TNF-α

scholarly journals Inflammatory Markers in Anorexia Nervosa: An Exploratory Study

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bethan Dalton ◽  
Iain Campbell ◽  
Raymond Chung ◽  
Gerome Breen ◽  
Ulrike Schmidt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anorexia Nervosa ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
Clinically Significant

Inflammation has been suggested to play a pathophysiological role in anorexia nervosa (AN). In this exploratory cross-sectional study, we measured serum concentrations of 40 inflammatory markers (including cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in people with AN (n = 27) and healthy controls (HCs) (n = 13). Many of these inflammatory markers had not been previously quantified in people with AN. Eating disorder (ED) and general psychopathology symptoms were assessed. Body mass index (BMI) and body composition data were obtained. Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-15, and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1 concentrations were significantly elevated and concentrations of BDNF, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-β, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A were significantly lower in AN participants compared to HCs. Age, BMI, and percentage body fat mass were identified as potential confounding variables for several of these inflammatory markers. Of particular interest is that most of the quantified markers were unchanged in people with AN, despite them being severely underweight with evident body fat loss, and having clinically significant ED symptoms and severe depression and anxiety symptoms. Future research should examine the replicability of our findings and consider the effect of additional potential confounding variables, such as smoking and physical activity, on the relationship between AN and inflammation.

scholarly journals Associations between dietary inflammatory index and inflammatory markers in the Asklepios Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nitin Shivappa ◽  
James R. Hébert ◽  
Ernst R. Rietzschel ◽  
Marc L. De Buyzere ◽  
Michel Langlois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Lipid Lowering ◽  
Dietary Inflammatory Index ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Dietary Index

Previous research has shown that nutrients and certain food items influence inflammation. However, little is known about the associations between diet, as a whole, and inflammatory markers. In the present study, we examined the ability of a FFQ-derived dietary inflammatory index (DII) to predict inflammation. Data from a Belgian cross-sectional study of 2524 generally healthy subjects (age 35–55 years) were used. The DII is a population-based, literature-derived dietary index that was developed to predict inflammation and inflammation-related chronic diseases. The DII was calculated from FFQ-derived dietary information and tested against inflammatory markers, namely C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, homocysteine and fibrinogen. Analyses were performed using multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for energy, age, sex, BMI, smoking status, education level, use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, blood pressure, use of oral contraceptives, anti-hypertensive therapy, lipid-lowering drugs and physical activity. Multivariable analyses showed significant positive associations between the DII and the inflammatory markers IL-6 (>1·6 pg/ml) (OR 1·19, 95 % CI 1·04, 1·36) and homocysteine (>15 μmol/l) (OR 1·56, 95 % CI 1·25, 1·94). No significant associations were observed between the DII and the inflammatory markers CRP and fibrinogen. These results reinforce the fact that diet, as a whole, plays an important role in modifying inflammation.

Investigating the Associations of Everyday Discrimination and Inflammation in Latina Women: A Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 109980042199590
Author(s):  
Billy A. Caceres ◽  
Veronica Barcelona ◽  
Danny Vo ◽  
Niurka Suero-Tejeda ◽  
Kasey Jackman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Longitudinal Assessment ◽  
Latina Women ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Everyday Discrimination

Introduction: Discrimination is associated with negative health outcomes among Latinos. Research on the link between discrimination and inflammation in adults has focused on pro-inflammatory markers rather than characterizing the more informative balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory markers. The purpose of this cross-sectional study was to examine the associations of everyday discrimination with inflammation ratio (defined as the ratio of pro- to anti-inflammatory cytokines) in a sample of middle-aged and older Latinas. Methods: Latinas were recruited from an existing study in New York City. Participants reported frequency and count of everyday discrimination. Peripheral blood was used to analyze pro- (IL-1 B and IL-6) and anti-inflammatory (IL-4 and IL-10) cytokines. The inflammation ratio was calculated by dividing the sum of pro-inflammatory cytokines by the sum of anti-inflammatory cytokines. We used linear regression to assess the link between everyday discrimination and inflammation ratio. Results: The final sample included 40 Latinas (mean age = 63.2 years). Approximately 68% had household incomes less than $15,000. More than half (53%) reported experiencing some form of everyday discrimination. Regression models showed everyday discrimination was not associated with individual pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In adjusted regression models, the frequency of everyday discrimination was not associated with inflammation ratios ( B[ SE] = 0.57[0.30], p = .07). However, a higher count of everyday discrimination was associated with inflammation ratios ( B[ SE] = 1.15[0.55], p = .04). Conclusions: The count of everyday discrimination was positively associated with inflammation in Latina women. Future studies should replicate these findings using longitudinal assessment of discrimination and inflammatory markers.

scholarly journals Higher Levels of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines Are Associated With Higher Levels of Glutamate in the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Depressed Adolescents

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiffany C. Ho ◽  
Giana I. Teresi ◽  
Jillian R. Segarra ◽  
Amar Ojha ◽  
Johanna C. Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Cingulate Cortex ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Present Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subsequent Behavior ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Animal models of stress and related conditions, including depression, have shown that elevated peripheral levels of inflammatory cytokines have downstream consequences on glutamate (Glu) in the brain. Although studies in human adults with depression have reported evidence of higher inflammation but lower Glu in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the extent to which peripheral inflammation contributes to glutamatergic abnormalities in adolescents with depression is not well-understood. It is also unclear whether antioxidants, such as ascorbate (Asc), may buffer against the effects of inflammation on Glu metabolism. Fifty-five depressed adolescents were recruited in the present cross-sectional study and provided blood samples, from which we assayed pro-inflammatory cytokines, and underwent a short-TE proton magnetic spectroscopy scan at 3T, from which we estimated Glu and Asc in the dorsal ACC. In the 31 adolescents with usable cytokine and Glu data, we found that IL-6 was significantly positively associated with dorsal ACC Glu (β = 0.466 ± 0.199, p = 0.029). Of the 16 participants who had usable Asc data, we found that at higher levels of dorsal ACC Asc, there was a negative association between IL-6 and Glu (interaction effect: β = −0.906 ± 0.433, p = 0.034). Importantly, these results remained significant when controlling for age, gender, percentage of gray matter in the dorsal ACC voxel, BMI, and medication (antidepressant and anti-inflammatory) usage. While preliminary, our results underscore the importance of examining both immune and neural contributors to depression and highlight the potential role of anti-inflammatory compounds in mitigating the adverse effects of inflammation (e.g., glutamatergic neuroexcitotoxicity). Future studies that experimentally manipulate levels of inflammation, and of ascorbate, and that characterize these effects on cortical glutamate concentrations and subsequent behavior in animals and in humans are needed.

Circulating Erythropoietin (EPO) and Pro-Inflammatory Markers in Elderly (>/=65) Persons with and without Anemia.

Blood ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 104 (11) ◽  
pp. 1629-1629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Ferrucci ◽  
Jack M. Guralnik ◽  
Richard C. Woodman ◽  
Stefania Bandinelli ◽  
Fulvio Lauretani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Normal Serum ◽  
Anemia Of Chronic Disease ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Abstract Anemia of chronic disease (ACD) is a hypoproliferative anemia typically associated with chronic infection, inflammation and cancer. High circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines cause ACD, through impaired iron utilization and blunted EPO response. It has been proposed that elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines found with aging may be responsible for unexplained anemia (UA) commonly seen in older adults. Objective: Determine the relationship between several inflammatory markers, circulating EPO and hemoglobin (Hb) in elderly patients (pts). Methods: We used data from a large (n=1453) cross-sectional study conducted in Chianti, Italy; 1235 elderly pts were randomly selected (538 men; 697 women) and provided blood for measurement of Hb, serum EPO, CRP, circulating cytokines (IL-6, IL-1, IL-1ra, IL-1b, TNF-a), ferritin, iron, folate and B12. Anemia was defined by WHO criteria (women, <12g/dL; men, <13g/dL). Pts were assigned an inflammation score of 0–4 based on the upper tertiles results of the following: CRP, >3.8mg/L; IL-6, >1.75pg/mL; IL-1b, >0.12pg/mL; TNF-a, >2.52pg/mL. ACD was defined as ferritin < 15ng/mL, sTfr index <1.5, and iron <60ug/dL while UA was normal serum iron, folate and B12 levels in the absence of CKD (CrCL <30ml/min). Results: Prevalence of anemia was 10.4% (128); 15.6% had ACD, 40.6% had nutritional deficiency, 7% had CKD, and 36.7% had UA. Circulating EPO increased linearly with declining Hb <13g/dL. CRP, IL-6, IL-1b, TNF-a were independent predictors of log(EPO). Older age was significantly associated with higher log(EPO) in the absence of anemia. Though the proportion of pts with reduced serum iron (< 60 ug/dL) increased with inflammatory scores (0–1: 11.5%; 2: 22.7%; 3: 30.1%; 4: 40.9%), the relationship between inflammation and circulating EPO remained. Independent of age, sex and Hb, the number of elevated inflammatory markers (CRP, IL-6, IL-1b and TNF-a) was associated with significantly higher EPO levels in pts without anemia but in pts with anemia higher inflammatory scores were associated with significantly lower EPO. For each inflammatory score, a non-linear relationship between Hb and log(EPO) was found; crossover for each of these curves occurred at Hb of 12.5g/dL, i.e. below 12.5g/dL a higher score was associated with lower log(EPO), above 12.5g/dL a higher score had a higher log(EPO). Similar findings were obtained for: participants with ACD; those with iron, folate or B12 deficiency; and those with UA. Conclusions: These results suggest an independent association between inflammation and circulating EPO that differed by anemia status. ACD may occur in two stages characterized initially by high and then subsequently low circulating EPO. In the “pre-anemic” stage, stable Hb may be maintained through a compensatory increase in EPO. In the more advanced “anemic” stage, when the inhibitory effect of inflammation on EPO becomes predominant, Hb levels decline. Longitudinal studies are needed to confirm if elevated cytokines are a risk factor for ACD or UA in the elderly.

scholarly journals Baricitinib in Rheumatoid Arthritis – Real World Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Amol Sagdeo ◽  
Ayman Askari ◽  
Hana Morrissey ◽  
Patrick A. Ball
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Joint Stiffness ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Electronic Patient Records ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biologic Dmard ◽  
Pro Inflammatory Cytokines

Introduction: Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA) is the most common cause of inflammatory polyarthritis. In RA, increased circulating levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines contribute to the overall symptomatology of fatigue, pain, and joint stiffness. Baricitinib is an orally administered biologic DMARD, used in RA patients, inhibiting signaling via JAK1/JAK2 inhibition, reducing the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Objective: To explore the efficacy and tolerability for baricitinib in a local population. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out to review data of RA patients on Baricitinib from the researchers’ own clinic, since its approval in August 2017. The data was collected from an anonymized electronic patient records report. The clinical response was then classified into mild, moderate, and significant improvement. Results and Discussion: Overall, 27 out of 37 patients (72.9%) showed clinical improvement with baricitinib. In 9(24.3%) out of 37 patients, the dose had to be reduced to either 2mg/day or 2mg/day - 4mg/day on alternate days. In four of the 9 patients’ where the dose was reduced due to infections (UTI or sinuses), they subsequently experienced fewer infections while maintaining moderate improvement in their RA. Conclusion: There is a need for longer-term and larger studies to evaluate the full side effects profile of baricitinib in the local population.

scholarly journals Association between central non-dipping pattern and platelet morphology in adults with type 1 diabetes without cardiovascular disease: a cross-sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Kulecki ◽  
Dariusz Naskret ◽  
Mikolaj Kaminski ◽  
Dominika Kasprzak ◽  
Pawel Lachowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Type 1 Diabetes ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Distribution Width ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Platelet Morphology ◽  
Oscillometric Device

AbstractThe non-dipping pattern is nighttime systolic blood pressure (SBP) fall of less than 10%. Several studies showed that the non-dipping pattern, increased mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW) are associated with elevated cardiovascular risk. Hypertensives with the non-dipping pattern have higher MPV than the dippers but this relationship was never investigated among people with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). This study aimed to investigate the association between the central dipping pattern and platelet morphology in T1DM subjects. We measured the central and brachial blood pressure with a validated non-invasive brachial oscillometric device—Arteriograph 24—during twenty-four-hour analysis in T1DM subjects without diagnosed hypertension. The group was divided based on the central dipping pattern for the dippers and the non-dippers. From a total of 62 subjects (32 males) aged 30.1 (25.7–37) years with T1DM duration 15.0 (9.0–20) years, 36 were non-dippers. The non-dipper group had significantly higher MPV (MPV (10.8 [10.3–11.5] vs 10.4 [10.0–10.7] fl; p = 0.041) and PDW (13.2 [11.7–14.9] vs 12.3 [11.7–12.8] fl; p = 0.029) than dipper group. Multivariable logistic regression revealed that MPV (OR 3.74; 95% CI 1.48–9.45; p = 0.005) and PDW (OR 1.91; 95% CI 1.22–3.00; p = 0.005) were positively associated with central non-dipping pattern adjusting for age, sex, smoking status, daily insulin intake, and height. MPV and PDW are positively associated with the central non-dipping pattern among people with T1DM.

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