scholarly journals Standardization as a Catalyst for Open and Responsible Innovation

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 187
Author(s):  
Arta Pīlēna ◽  
Iveta Mežinska ◽  
Inga Lapiņa
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Field Analysis ◽  
Responsible Innovation ◽  
Innovation Development ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Standardization Process ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
Standards Development

Standardization, based on scientific and technological development, provides solutions for optimal level of order in a wide range of industrial, societal and environmental fields. Analogically to the process of open innovation, the development of standards brings together the knowledge and experience of different stakeholders, resulting in solutions that are relevant and accessible to the general public. Similarly, the concept of responsible innovation requires a variety of stakeholders to be involved in innovation development to ensure that their present and future needs are met. Although the link between standardization and innovation is a widely explored issue, the interaction of standardization with the increasingly relevant concepts—open innovation and responsible innovation—remains a research gap, therefore the aim of the study is to identify the common characteristics of standardization and open and responsible innovation, as well as to analyze the interaction between these concepts. The research is based on a literature review on the concepts of standardization, standards development and open, responsible innovation, as well as a field analysis on the ongoing activities in standardization in relation to innovation. The similarities and interaction between standards development and the creation of open, responsible innovation is analyzed and as a result a model that combines the characteristics of standardization, open and responsible innovation and their interrelation is provided. The findings of the study demonstrate that both the standardization process itself and its outcomes can be compared to the processes of open and responsible innovation and can also be characterized as a contributor for creating the environment for the achievement of sustainable development and fostering open and responsible innovation.

scholarly journals Overview of Popular Techniques of Raman Spectroscopy and Their Potential in the Study of Plant Tissues

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
pp. 1537
Author(s):  
Aneta Saletnik ◽  
Bogdan Saletnik ◽  
Czesław Puchalski
Keyword(s):  
Raman Spectroscopy ◽  
Cell Walls ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Spatial Information ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Identification Technique

Raman spectroscopy is one of the main analytical techniques used in optical metrology. It is a vibration, marker-free technique that provides insight into the structure and composition of tissues and cells at the molecular level. Raman spectroscopy is an outstanding material identification technique. It provides spatial information of vibrations from complex biological samples which renders it a very accurate tool for the analysis of highly complex plant tissues. Raman spectra can be used as a fingerprint tool for a very wide range of compounds. Raman spectroscopy enables all the polymers that build the cell walls of plants to be tracked simultaneously; it facilitates the analysis of both the molecular composition and the molecular structure of cell walls. Due to its high sensitivity to even minute structural changes, this method is used for comparative tests. The introduction of new and improved Raman techniques by scientists as well as the constant technological development of the apparatus has resulted in an increased importance of Raman spectroscopy in the discovery and defining of tissues and the processes taking place in them.

scholarly journals Social Media, Peer Surveillance, Spiritual Formation, and Mission: Practising Christian Faith in a Surveilled Public Space

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 517-532
Author(s):  
Bex Lewis
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Lived Experience ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Spiritual Formation ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
The Individual

Social media has become a part of everyday life, including the faith lives of many. It is a space that assumes an observing gaze. Engaging with Foucauldian notions of surveillance, self-regulation, and normalisation, this paper considers what it is about social and digital culture that shapes expectations of what users can or want to do in online spaces. Drawing upon a wide range of surveillance research, it reflects upon what “surveillance” looks like within social media, especially when users understand themselves to be observed in the space. Recognising moral panics around technological development, the paper considers the development of social norms and questions how self-regulation by users presents itself within a global population. Focusing upon the spiritual formation of Christian users (disciples) in an online environment as a case study of a community of practice, the paper draws particularly upon the author’s experiences online since 1997 and material from The Big Bible Project (CODEC 2010–2015). The research demonstrates how the lived experience of the individual establishes the interconnectedness of the online and offline environments. The surveillant affordances and context collapse are liberating for some users but restricting for others in both their faith formation and the subsequent imperative to mission.

scholarly journals Enablers and challenges of caring in the Intensive Care Unit--Part 2: In relation to nurses

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hanan Subhi Al-Shamaly
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care Unit ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Ethnographic Study ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Team Members ◽  
Educational Backgrounds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Different Sources

The concept of caring is vague and complex, especially in critical environments such as the intensive care unit (ICU), where technological dehumanisation is a challenge for nurses. ICU nursing care includes not only patients but also extends to patients’ families, nurses, other health team members and the unit’s environment. Caring in critical care settings is affected by enabling and impeding factors. To explore these enablers and challenges factors, a focused ethnographic study was conducted in an Australian ICU. The data was collected from 35 registered nurses through various resources: participants' observations, documents reviews, interviews, and additional participants’ notes. Data were analysed inductively and thematically. The study outlines comprehensively and widely a wide range of enablers and challenges affecting caring in the ICU - which originate from different sources such as patients, families, nurses, and the ICU environment. This paper is the second in a two-part series which explores the ICU nurses’ experiences and perspectives of the enablers and challenges of caring in the ICU. Part 1 was concerned with the enablers and challenges to caring that are related to ICU patients, families, and environment. While Part 2 introduces readers to the enablers and challenges factors that are concerned with the nurses in ICU. These factors include nurses’ educational backgrounds and professional experience, employment working factors, leadership styles, relationships, and personal factors. Nurses and other stakeholders such as clinicians, educators, researchers, managers, and policymakers need to recognize these factors and their implications for providing quality care, in order to enhance and maintain the optimal level of caring in the ICU.

scholarly journals Ignorance is risk: An exploratory investigation of students’ perceptions of their education–employment pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Edward Lock ◽  
Kate Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Career Goal ◽  
Student Expectations ◽  
Postgraduate Study ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Australian Universities

The widely held view that higher education constitutes a gateway to employment has underpinned the dramatic widening of access to university in recent decades. However, globalisation and technological development have complicated the task of enhancing the employability of students, as the future world of work has become ever-more dynamic and unpredictable. Given such conditions, the delivery of employability teaching has become a central focus of many higher education providers (HEPs). To meet their responsibilities, HEPs must understand how students perceive their respective courses in relation to the employment pathways that they seek to follow. The present study aimed to gain an understanding of prospective students’ perceptions regarding this, but also to evaluate the accuracy of these perceptions. Because some course types are more narrowly vocational than are others, a subsidiary aim was to investigate whether or not student expectations and knowledge varied depending on course-type. The findings gathered from 462 students enrolled into a wide range of courses at 15 Australian universities were profound. They highlight that, while most students commence university with a career goal in mind, many have a poor understanding of the education-employment pathways on which they have embarked. Students demonstrated a limited understanding of the careers to which their courses might lead, and of the relevance of postgraduate study to their chosen career goals. These findings varied significantly across different course-types. Overall, these findings highlight the need for HEPs to educate their students explicitly about the education-employment pathways that are available to them.

scholarly journals Modern dance: theoretical fundamentals of the latest educational approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksiy Pastukhov
Keyword(s):  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Dance ◽  
Social Signals ◽  
Scientific Methods ◽  
Theoretical Substantiation ◽  
Biomechanical Models ◽  
Hand Biomechanics ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Innovative Thinking

The purpose of the article is to substantiate the theoretical principles of using specific approaches in the process of training performers of modern dance. The research methodology is based on an interdisciplinary synthesis of scientific methods and approaches integrated with pedagogy, art history, and psychology. General scientific methods were also used: analysis, synthesis, generalization. The scientific novelty of the article lies in the conceptualization of the theoretical substantiation of specific approaches in the preparation of performers for modern dance, in particular, taking into account the latest technologies and psycho-emotional and mental characteristics of the performer. Conclusions. Along with traditional methods of teaching modern dances, it is necessary to develop and implement innovative methods and approaches that would meet the requirements of the latest technological development. In particular, they are related to the peculiarities of distance education, the ability to use computer programs to simulate biomechanical models of movement, to hone their kinematic technique, which largely determines the aesthetic and visual superiority and complexity of modern dance compositions. It is important to take into account the psycho-emotional characteristics of the modern dancer based on the development of his creative and innovative thinking, improvisation, as well as the socio-communicative component, which involves the ability to convey a wide range of potential emotional expressions and social signals from performer to spectator. Keywords: modern dance, innovative thinking, creative thinking, new approaches, teaching choreography, hand biomechanics, psychoemotional state.

scholarly journals Ignorance is risk: An exploratory investigation of students’ perceptions of their education–employment pathways

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-36
Author(s):  
Edward Lock ◽  
Kate Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Prospective Students ◽  
Career Goal ◽  
Student Expectations ◽  
Postgraduate Study ◽  
Exploratory Investigation ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Poor Understanding ◽  
Australian Universities

The widely held view that higher education constitutes a gateway to employment has underpinned the dramatic widening of access to university in recent decades. However, globalisation and technological development have complicated the task of enhancing the employability of students, as the future world of work has become ever-more dynamic and unpredictable. Given such conditions, the delivery of employability teaching has become a central focus of many higher education providers (HEPs). To meet their responsibilities, HEPs must understand how students perceive their respective courses in relation to the employment pathways that they seek to follow. The present study aimed to gain an understanding of prospective students’ perceptions regarding this, but also to evaluate the accuracy of these perceptions. Because some course types are more narrowly vocational than are others, a subsidiary aim was to investigate whether or not student expectations and knowledge varied depending on course-type. The findings gathered from 462 students enrolled into a wide range of courses at 15 Australian universities were profound. They highlight that, while most students commence university with a career goal in mind, many have a poor understanding of the education-employment pathways on which they have embarked. Students demonstrated a limited understanding of the careers to which their courses might lead, and of the relevance of postgraduate study to their chosen career goals. These findings varied significantly across different course-types. Overall, these findings highlight the need for HEPs to educate their students explicitly about the education-employment pathways that are available to them.

scholarly journals Empirical Research of the ISO 9001:2015 Transition Process in Portugal: Motivations, Benefits, and Success Factors

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Miguel Fonseca ◽  
José Pedro Domingues
Keyword(s):  
Success Factors ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Transition Process ◽  
Iso 9001 ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
Stakeholder Identification ◽  
Bias Risk ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Status ◽  
Research Gap

<p><strong>Purpose:</strong> With the transition period for ISO 9001 certified organisations to migrate to the 2015 edition ending 15th September 2018, this investigation aims to evaluate the status of ISO 9001:2015 transition process and provide useful knowledge on the corresponding motivations, benefits, and success factors.</p><p><strong>Methodology/Approach:</strong> An empirical study of more than 300 Portuguese organisations ISO 9001 certified, or in certification process, encompassing a wide range of activities sectors, was carried out.</p><p><strong>Findings:</strong> As of May 2017, 19% of the respondents already have ISO 9001:2015 certification and all the remaining one’s plan to complete the process in time. The principal reported benefits are risk-based thinking, mapping of the organisational context, and stakeholder identification. Simultaneously those were the issues that required more attention and effort to be mastered and implemented. Additionally, there is evidence that ISO 9001:2015 enhances both internal and external organisational issues and generates benefits for all the researched dimensions. Based on the respondents’ responses, organisations who claimed that external motivations were the primary drivers to ISO 9001:2015 implementation systematically rate higher all the benefits when compared with the rating ascribed by those organisations who claimed internal motivations. Moreover, it is possible to conclude that the perceived benefits from ISO 9001:2015 implementation and certification seem to be strongly influenced by two primary dimensions: the (smaller) organisation size and the (lesser) international presence.</p><p><strong>Research Limitation/implication:</strong> Due to ISO 9001:2015 novelty, the results of this investigation should be subject to future confirmation and replicated in other countries to allow a generalisation of the conclusions. Since the survey is based on the perceptions of the organisation’s Managers, there is a potential response bias risk that should be acknowledged.</p><p><strong>Originality/Value of paper:</strong> With more than 1.2 million ISO 9001 certified organisation worldwide, this a highly relevant issue both for organisations, practitioners and academics. Due to ISO 9001:2015 novelty, this investigation aims to fill this research gap.</p>

scholarly journals Reviewing Effective Factors of Alimentary Deficiency in Animals Reproductive Functions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-169
Author(s):  
Pavlo Skliarov ◽  
Serhiy Fedorenko ◽  
Svitlana Naumenko ◽  
Oleksandr Onyshchenko ◽  
Alina Pasternak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Reproductive Capacity ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Animal Reproduction ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Negative Impacts

Animal reproduction is one of the main factors limiting the efficiency of livestock production. Its optimal level is possibly achieved when certain conditions are created for animals. As reproduction is a complex reflex process depending on neuroendocrine regulatory mechanisms, the character and strength of stimuli, which, in turn, is due to a number of factors. Under normal conditions, the body of animals is affected by many different factors, which are appropriately transformed and specified by positive or negative reactions. Inhibitory factors include air pool, saturated with harmful substances and gases, ionizing radiation, poor water quality along with altered redox properties, hypokinesia combined with poor unbalanced feeding, systematic chronic stress, presence of toxic substances in feed, and the deficiency of vitamins and other bioantioxidants in feed or their excessive spending. Of the wide range of genetic and paratypic factors of negative impacts on reproductive capacity, the most common one is alimentary, which causes impaired reproductive function due to deficiencies in the rules, regulations, and feeding regime of animals. In particular, the alimentary can be associated with both general malnutrition (starvation) and overfeeding (obesity). However, the alimentary form of infertility mostly occurs due to low-quality diets when the diet lacks vital components (mainly vitamins, macro-, and micronutrients) or the quantitative ratios of the ingredients are violated. This is possible even if the total nutritional value of the diet meets the established requirements for the physiological needs of the body. Vitamins, micro-, and macronutrients are ecologically deficient factors of disturbance of animal reproductive function, the influence of which is observed on all processes of reproduction, from fertilization to the postpartum period and the preservation of young animals. The pathogenesis of their insufficiency is associated with the violation of steroido-, gameto-, and embryogenesis and the emergence of ante-, intra-, neo- and postnatal pathologies, respectively. Therefore, treatments and prevention measures should be aimed at providing animals with biologically complete balanced feeding and replenishment of the body with vitamins and minerals. However, all these issues remain incompletely studied and need further research.

scholarly journals Exploring market failures in open innovation

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nola Hewitt-Dundas ◽  
Stephen Roper
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Open Innovation ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Optimal Level ◽  
Average Level ◽  
Market Failures ◽  
Policy Initiatives ◽  
Lack Of Information ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
And Performance

There is now considerable empirical evidence demonstrating the innovation and performance benefits that accrue to firms engaging in open innovation (OI). Here, we use novel data on micro-businesses to show that the average level of engagement in OI falls well below the optimal level, a finding that reflects that of other empirical studies. We identify and examine three market failures which may help to explain this result. These relate to a lack of understanding of the potential benefits of OI by firms, a lack of information about the capabilities of potential partners and a lack of information about the trustworthiness of potential partners. Our findings provide evidence that policy initiatives designed to offset these information failures are likely to increase the range of partners with which firms engage with significant benefits for innovation.

Open Innovation in SMEs

2013 ◽  
pp. 160-174
Author(s):  
Hakikur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Open Innovation ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Innovation Research ◽  
Outer Periphery ◽  
Collaborative Innovation ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Successful Innovation ◽  
Corporate Business ◽  
Innovation Processes

Successful innovation is a key to business growth. In the realm of technological development, innovation processes have been transformed into various forms, like open innovation, crowdsourcing innovation, or collaborative innovation. This research would like to focus on open innovation processes to reach out to the common stakeholders in the entrepreneurship system through small and medium enterprises. It has been observed that to provide innovative services or products to the outer periphery of the customer chain, SMEs play an important role. Hence, focusing innovation for SMEs would lead to a newer dimension of innovation research for better business and economic growth. It could be applied to both ways in terms of value gain to the participants. This applies to all sorts of entrepreneurships, though often corporate business houses seem to be the most beneficiaries of innovation researches. This research will emphasize open innovation for SMEs at the outset by focusing transformation of innovation leading to a networked paradigm in spite of being in closed periphery, and try to provide some overview on innovation strategies, including various challenges.

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