scholarly journals Trends and Applications of Omics Technologies to Functional Characterisation of Enzymes and Protein Metabolites Produced by Fungi

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 700
Author(s):  
Grace N. Ijoma ◽  
Sylvie M. Heri ◽  
Tonderayi S. Matambo ◽  
Memory Tekere
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Environmental Changes ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Omics Technologies ◽  
Functional Characterisation ◽  
The Many

Identifying and adopting industrial applications for proteins and enzymes derived from fungi strains have been at the focal point of several studies in recent times. To facilitate such studies, it is necessary that advancements and innovation in mycological and molecular characterisation are concomitant. This review aims to provide a detailed overview of the necessary steps employed in both qualitative and quantitative research using the omics technologies that are pertinent to fungi characterisation. This stems from the understanding that data provided from the functional characterisation of fungi and their metabolites is important towards the techno-economic feasibility of large-scale production of biological products. The review further describes how the functional gaps left by genomics, internal transcribe spacer (ITS) regions are addressed by transcriptomics and the various techniques and platforms utilised, including quantitive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), hybridisation techniques, and RNA-seq, and the insights such data provide on the effect of environmental changes on fungal enzyme production from an expressional standpoint. The review also offers information on the many available bioinformatics tools of analysis necessary for the analysis of the overwhelming data synonymous with the omics approach to fungal characterisation.

scholarly journals High-Level Production of a Thermostable Mutant of Yarrowia lipolytica Lipase 2 in Pichia pastoris

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
Qinghua Zhou ◽  
Zhixin Su ◽  
Liangcheng Jiao ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Kaixin Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pichia Pastoris ◽  
Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Life Time ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
High Level

As a promising biocatalyst, Yarrowia lipolytica lipase 2 (YlLip2) is limited in its industrial applications due to its low thermostability. In this study, a thermostable YlLip2 mutant was overexpressed in Pichia pastoris and its half-life time was over 30 min at 80 °C. To obtain a higher protein secretion level, the gene dosage of the mutated lip2 gene was optimized and the lipase activity was improved by about 89%. Then, the YlLip2 activity of the obtained strain further increased from 482 to 1465 U/mL via optimizing the shaking flask culture conditions. Subsequently, Hac1p and Vitreoscilla hemoglobin (VHb) were coexpressed with the YlLip2 mutant to reduce the endoplasmic reticulum stress and enhance the oxygen uptake efficiency in the recombinant strains, respectively. Furthermore, high-density fermentations were performed in a 3 L bioreactor and the production of the YlLip2 mutant reached 9080 U/mL. The results demonstrated that the expression level of the thermostable YlLip2 mutant was predominantly enhanced via the combination of these strategies in P. pastoris, which forms a consolidated basis for its large-scale production and future industrial applications.

scholarly journals Pyrrolidinium salt based binary and ternary deep eutectic solvents: green preparations and physiochemical property characterizations

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Wang ◽  
Sheila N. Baker
Keyword(s):  
Melting Point ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvent ◽  
Deep Eutectic Solvents ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Preparation Process ◽  
Green Solvents ◽  
Liquid Form ◽  
Reaction Media

Abstract Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered to be green solvents for various applications. However, their synthesis via chemical reaction with by-products or waste produced is contradictory to the concept of green chemistry, and the purity problem and economic feasibility limit their applications in some large-scale industrial applications. 1-Butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium bromide ([bmpy][Br]), which is a molten salt with melting point above 100°C is a precursor of pyrrolidinium ILs, but hardly can be put under the category of IL because of its high melting point. In this study, [bmpy][Br] based binary deep eutectic solvent (BDES) and ternary deep eutectic solvent (TDES) were synthesized to prepare [bmpy][Br] in liquid form. During the preparation process, no reaction media was employed, no by-product was generated, and no further purification was required, thereby making it a completely green process. The prepared TDES has better thermal stability and larger free volume than BDES, which is potentially useful for sorption applications with high temperature requirement. It is also because of the green preparation process that the TDES is also expected to be capable for the large-scale industrial applications. This work is opening up new avenues for the study of binary and ternary IL-DES system and their applications.

scholarly journals Polymer Brush Coating and Adhesion Technology at Scale

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristian Birk Buhl ◽  
Asger Holm Agergaard ◽  
Mie Lillethorup ◽  
Jakob Pagh Nikolajsen ◽  
Steen Uttrup Pedersen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymer Brushes ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymer Brush ◽  
Dissimilar Materials ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Polymer Materials ◽  
Full Potential ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Precise Control

Creating strong joints between dissimilar materials for high-performance hybrid products places high demands on modern adhesives. Traditionally, adhesion relies on the compatibility between surfaces, often requiring the use of primers and thick bonding layers to achieve stable joints. The coatings of polymer brushes enable the compatibilization of material surfaces through precise control over surface chemistry, facilitating strong adhesion through a nanometer-thin layer. Here, we give a detailed account of our research on adhesion promoted by polymer brushes along with examples from industrial applications. We discuss two fundamentally different adhesive mechanisms of polymer brushes, namely (1) physical bonding via entanglement and (2) chemical bonding. The former mechanism is demonstrated by e.g., the strong bonding between poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) brush coated stainless steel and bulk PMMA, while the latter is shown by e.g., the improved adhesion between silicone and titanium substrates, functionalized by a hydrosilane-modified poly(hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA) brush. This review establishes that the clever design of polymer brushes can facilitate strong bonding between metals and various polymer materials or compatibilize fillers or nanoparticles with otherwise incompatible polymeric matrices. To realize the full potential of polymer brush functionalized materials, we discuss the progress in the synthesis of polymer brushes under ambient and scalable industrial conditions, and present recent developments in atom transfer radical polymerization for the large-scale production of brush-modified materials.

Synthesis and characterization of Y2O3: Eu3+ powder phosphor by a hydrolysis technique

1998 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 2950-2955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong Dong Jiang ◽  
Zhong Lin Wang ◽  
Fuli Zhang ◽  
Henry G. Paris ◽  
Christopher J. Summers
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Luminescent Properties ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Europium Oxide ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Luminescence Efficiency ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Large Scale Production

A forced hydrolysis technique is used for preparing Y2O3: Eu3+ powders at low processing temperatures. The technique uses yttrium oxide, europium oxide, and nitric acid and urea, and has the potential for large-scale production for industrial applications. Several experimental conditions have been examined to optimize the luminescence efficiency. The best result was found to be at 2 mol% Eu doping and a 2 h firing of 1400 °C. Microstructural information provided by x-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) have been applied to interpret the observed luminescent properties.

scholarly journals Polyester Polymeric Nanoparticles as Platforms in the Development of Novel Nanomedicines for Cancer Treatment

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (14) ◽  
pp. 3387
Author(s):  
Enrique Niza ◽  
Alberto Ocaña ◽  
José Antonio Castro-Osma ◽  
Iván Bravo ◽  
Carlos Alonso-Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticles ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Polymeric Nanoparticle ◽  
Clinical Investigations ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Materials Used ◽  
The Many

Many therapeutic agents have failed in their clinical development, due to the toxic effects associated with non-transformed tissues. In this context, nanotechnology has been exploited to overcome such limitations, and also improve navigation across biological barriers. Amongst the many materials used in nanomedicine, with promising properties as therapeutic carriers, the following one stands out: biodegradable and biocompatible polymers. Polymeric nanoparticles are ideal candidates for drug delivery, given the versatility of raw materials and their feasibility in large-scale production. Furthermore, polymeric nanoparticles show great potential for easy surface modifications to optimize pharmacokinetics, including the half-life in circulation and targeted tissue delivery. Herein, we provide an overview of the current applications of polymeric nanoparticles as platforms in the development of novel nanomedicines for cancer treatment. In particular, we will focus on the raw materials that are widely used for polymeric nanoparticle generation, current methods for formulation, mechanism of action, and clinical investigations.

scholarly journals Use of nanoparticles to improve thermochemical resistance of synthetic polymer to enhanced oil recovery applications: a review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-97
Author(s):  
Henderson Ivan Quintero Perez ◽  
Maria Carolina Ruiz Cañas ◽  
Ruben Hernan Castro Garcia ◽  
Arnold Rafael Romero Bohorquez
Keyword(s):  
Enhanced Oil Recovery ◽  
Oil Recovery ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Polymer Concentration ◽  
Molecular Size ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Chemical Degradation ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
The Impact

Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide (HPAM) is the polymer most used in chemical enhanced oil recovery (cEOR) processes and it has been implemented in several field projects worldwide. Polymer injection has shown to be an effective EOR process. However, it has not been implemented massively due to HPAM polymer's limitations, mostly related to thermal and chemical degradation caused by exposure at high temperatures and salinities (HTHS). As an alternative, a new generation of chemically stable monomers to improve the properties of HPAM has been assessed at laboratory and field conditions. However, the use of enhanced polymers is limited due to its larger molecular size, large-scale production, and higher costs. One of the alternatives proposed in the last decade to improve polymer properties is the use of nanoparticles, which due to their ultra-small size, large surface area, and highly reactive capacity, can contribute to reduce or avoid the degrading processes of HPAM polymers. Nanoparticles (NPs) can be integrated with the polymer in several ways, it being worth to highlight mixing with the polymer in aqueous solution or inclusion by grafting or chemical functionalization on the nanoparticle surface. This review focuses on hybrid nanomaterials based on SiO2 NPs and synthetic polymers with great EOR potential. The synthesis process, characterization, and the main properties for application in EOR processes, were reviewed and analyzed. Nanohybrids based on polymers and silica nanoparticles show promising results in improving viscosity and thermal stability compared to the HPAM polymer precursor. Furthermore, based on recent findings, there are great opportunities to implement polymer nanofluids in cEOR projects. This approach could be of value to optimize the technical-economic feasibility of projects by reducing the polymer concentration of using reasonable amounts of nanoparticles. However, more significant efforts are required to understand the impact of nanoparticle concentrations and injection rates to support the upscaling of this cEOR technology.

scholarly journals Pilot Production of Spirulina Biomass and Obtaining of Novel Biodegradable Surfactants

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
M.B. Umerzakova ◽  
B.K. Donenov ◽  
Z.N. Kainarbaeva ◽  
A.M. Kartay ◽  
R.B. Sarieva
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Nutrient Medium ◽  
Geothermal Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Diammonium Phosphate ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Microalgae Biomass

The research results describe the pilot production of microalgae biomass – Spirulina, especially in wintertime, using the geothermal energy of water to save the costs for heating of the pool photobioreactor and biomass drying box. For carrying out of the process a simplified nutrient medium consisting of geothermal water and salts: sodium bicarbonate, potassium nitrate, diammonium phosphate, and urea was developed. The conditions for the Spirulina biomass cultivation in wintertime were optimized. The technical and economic feasibility and conditions for large-scale production of Spirulina in Kazakhstan for commercial purposes are justified. It has been shown that the Spirulina biomass may serve as a feedstock for the production of biodegradable surfactants.

Enzymes: A Very Short Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Engel
Keyword(s):  
Food Production ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Waste Treatment ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Large Scale Production ◽  
Working Together ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
The Many

Enzymes: A Very Short Introduction explores enzymes, the tiny molecular machines that make life possible. These proteins speed up chemical reactions inside a living organism many millionfold. Working together, teams of enzymes carry out all the processes that can be collectively recognized as life, from making DNA to digesting food. This VSI explains how this works, before going on to reveal how these catalysts of such extraordinary power and exquisite selectivity have evolved. It also examines the many varied ways in which individual enzymes are used nowadays as tools—in medical diagnosis and therapy, washing powders, food production, waste treatment, and chemical synthesis. New vistas have opened up through application of molecular genetics, not only allowing cheap, large-scale production of pure enzymes but also making possible new, tailor-made enzymes.

Reconciling collaborative action research with existing institutions: insights from Dutch and German climate knowledge programmes

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catrien Termeer ◽  
Arwin van Buuren ◽  
Joerg Knieling ◽  
Manuel Gottschick
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Action Research ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Focal Point ◽  
Collaborative Action Research ◽  
Adaptation To Climate Change ◽  
Collaborative Action ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Many

Researchers and policymakers increasingly aim to set up collaborative research programmes to address the challenges of adaptation to climate change. This does not only apply for technical knowledge, but for governance knowledge also. Both the Netherlands and Germany have set up large-scale collaborative action research (CAR) programmes for the governance of adaptation to climate change. Despite the collaborative designs, the initial enthusiasm, the available resources and the many positive outcomes, both programmes encountered several stubborn difficulties. By comparing both programmes, this paper explores the difficulties researchers encounter, analyses the underlying mechanisms and presents some lessons. It found that many difficulties are related to the tensions that exist between the assumptions underlying the new collaborative trajectories and the logics of the existing policy and research institutions. These institutional misfits are decisive to explain ultimate difficulties and successes. Furthermore, the paper concludes that risk aversion, stereotyping and scale fixation strengthen institutional misfits; and that these misfits persist due to lacking bridging capabilities. We suggest some lessons that can help to resolve the difficulties and reconcile CAR into existing institutions: organize the knowledge arrangement as a collaborative process; construct boundary objects as focal point for collaboration; and invest in bridging capabilities.

ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF TWO TECHNOLOGIES FOR PRODUCTION OF A MYCOPESTICIDE IN MADAGASCAR

1997 ◽  
Vol 129 (S171) ◽  
pp. 101-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Capital Budgeting ◽  
Cash Flows ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Production Models ◽  
Investment Capital ◽  
Capital Intensive

AbstractThe net present value (NPV) approach to capital budgeting is used to determine the relative economic feasibility of two production models capable of manufacturing a fungi-based biopesticide in Madagascar. Sales revenues are projected at $10–12 per hectare for 20 000–80 000 ha annually, with recurrent costs estimated in Madagascar and investment costs from IITA (Cotonou, Benin) and Mycotech Corporation (Butte, Montana). These cash flows are discounted by an appropriate interest rate and risk factor, with positive results for both the labour-intensive model and the capital-intensive model under several scenarios. Cost advantages for the two models depend on both technology and scale. The labour-intensive model achieves a higher NPV in a market of 20 000 ha per annum as compared with the capital-intensive model. The capital-intensive model achieves a higher NPV in a market of 80 000 ha (including exports to southern Africa). Both models benefit from scale economies, although this benefit is relatively greater for the capital-intensive model. Consumers of mycopesticides in Madagascar could realize nearly 20% savings under a higher output scenario with a capital-intensive technology, than under a lower output scenario with a labour-intensive technology. Large-scale producers, however, would require nearly four times as much investment capital, and could find it difficult to produce for export from Madagascar. In the absence of a large-scale producer, small-scale production would be appropriate and feasible based on lower investment costs. Malagasy production is also protected from foreign competition because of current phytosanitary regulations.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document