scholarly journals Oral Candidosis: Pathophysiology and Best Practice for Diagnosis, Classification, and Successful Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 555
Author(s):  
Shin-Yu Lu
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Host Defenses ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Oral Candidosis ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnosis Classification ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal ◽  
Underlying Risk

Oral candidosis is the most common fungal infection that frequently occurs in patients debilitated by other diseases or conditions. No candidosis happens without a cause; hence oral candidosis has been branded as a disease of the diseased. Prior research has identified oral candidosis as a mark of systemic diseases, such as hematinic deficiency, diabetes mellitus, leukopenia, HIV/AIDS, malignancies, and carbohydrate-rich diet, drugs, or immunosuppressive conditions. An array of interaction between Candida and the host is dynamic and complex. Candida exhibits multifaceted strategies for growth, proliferation, evasion of host defenses, and survival within the host to induce fungal infection. Oral candidosis presents a variety of clinical forms, including pseudomembranous candidosis, erythematous candidosis, angular cheilitis, median rhomboid glossitis, cheilocandidosis, juxtavermillion candidosis, mucocutaneous candidosis, hyperplastic candidosis, oropharyngeal candidosis, and rare suppurative candidosis. The prognosis is usually favorable, but treatment failure or recurrence is common due to either incorrect diagnosis, missing other pathology, inability to address underlying risk factors, or inaccurate prescription of antifungal agents. In immunocompromised patients, oropharyngeal candidosis can spread to the bloodstream or upper gastrointestinal tract, leading to potentially lethal systemic candidosis. This review therefore describes oral candidosis with regard to its pathophysiology and best practice for diagnosis, practical classification, and successful management.

Optimization and Evaluation of Novel Antifungal Agents for the Treatment of Fungal Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ji Won Choi ◽  
Kyung-Tae Lee ◽  
Siwon Kim ◽  
Ye Rim Lee ◽  
Hyeon Ji Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Antifungal Agents

scholarly journals Rhino- Orbito- Cerebral- Mucormycosis with Osteomyelitis in a Patient with Diabetes mellitus: A Case Report and Literature Review

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rumana Habib ◽  
Rashedul Islam ◽  
Aminur Rahman ◽  
NB Bhowmik ◽  
Amirul Haque
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Successful Management ◽  
Acquired Immunodeficiency ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Immunodeficiency Syndrome ◽  
Work Up ◽  
Diagnostic Work Up

Mucormycosis is a form of fulminant invasive fungal infection of the sinonasal tract that often extends to the orbit, brain, palate, and skin. It is caused by members of the order Mucorales, and it is considered to be the most fatal fungal infection known to man. It is most commonly associated with diabetic ketoacidosis, hematologic malignancies, acquired immunodeficiency syndrome acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, see AIDS. , and immunosuppressive therapy. This rare opportunistic infection exists in many forms, the most common of which is rhinocerebral mucormycosis. Treatment includes aggressive surgical debridement of the necrotic tissue combined with systemic antifungal therapy. In this case report, we describe the successful management of rhinoorbitocerebral mucormycosis, a subtype of the rhinocerebral variety, complicated by osteomyelitis of cranium. We review the diagnostic work-up and discuss the literature with respect to the presentation, pathophysiology, management, and outcome of the disease.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v2i2.12331(Birdem Med J 2012; 2(2):124-127)

scholarly journals What Makes Oral Candidiasis Recurrent Infection? A Clinical View

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azmi M. G. Darwazeh ◽  
Tamer A. Darwazeh
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Antifungal Agents ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Recurrent Infection ◽  
Predisposing Factor ◽  
Fungal Cell ◽  
Incorrect Diagnosis ◽  
The Common

Clinical oral Candida infection (candidiasis) is one of the common oral mucosal infections, and its management is usually frustrating due to either treatment failure or recurrence. Historically, oral candidiasis has been branded as disease of diseased. The unsuccessful management of oral candidiasis can due to either incorrect diagnosis, failure to identify (or correct) the underlying predisposing factor(s), or inaccurate prescription of antifungal agents. Failure to properly treat oral candidiasis will lead to persistence of the fungal cell in the oral cavity and hence recurrence of infection. The oral health care provider should be aware of these fall pits in order to successfully manage oral candidiasis.

“Months, not years”: Impact of clinical discussions of advanced cancer life-expectancy on patient illness understanding.

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (29_suppl) ◽  
pp. 30-30
Author(s):  
Andrew S. Epstein ◽  
Holly Gwen Prigerson ◽  
Leonard Saltz ◽  
Eileen Mary O'Reilly ◽  
Manish A. Shah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Expectancy ◽  
End Of Life ◽  
Advanced Cancer ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Chemotherapy Regimen ◽  
Advanced Cancer Patients ◽  
Coping With Cancer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Observational Cohort ◽  
Upper Gastrointestinal

30 Background: Patients’ understanding of their illness often guides best practice, and this is no less true at the end of life. Data showing the influence of patients’ acknowledgment of prognostic discussions on the accuracy of patients’ illness understanding could inform the debate regarding how to engage in these difficult discussions. Methods: To evaluate the effects of recent and past oncologist-patient discussions about prognosis/life-expectancy (P/LE) on changes in advanced cancer patents’ illness understanding (acknowledgement of their illness as 1. terminal; 2. incurable; 3. advance staged; and 4. associated with an estimated life-expectancy in months, not years), 208 patients (with advanced lung or upper gastrointestinal cancers that progressed on 1 chemotherapy regimen, or advanced colorectal cancers that progressed on 2) from Coping with Cancer II, a prospective observational cohort study, were interviewed before and after a visit with their oncologists who discussed scan results regarding potential additional progression. Results: Median time between pre- and post-scan interviews was 38 days. Controlling for potential confounds (i.e., patients’ race) and adjusting for patients’ pre-scan illness understanding, patients who acknowledged ever having discussions of P/LE with their oncologists were more likely to recognize that their disease was incurable (Adjusted Odds Ratio [AOR] = 2.97, p = 0.009) than those who did not. Compared to patients who denied ever having a discussion of P/LE, those who reported having both recent and past discussions of P/LE were more likely to recognize that their disease was at an advanced stage (AOR = 4.88, p = 0.012), and those who reported having only recent discussions, or both recent and past discussions, of P/LE were more likely to estimate their life-expectancy in terms of months as opposed to years (AOR = 10.1, p = 0.050, and AOR = 17.5, p = 0.006, respectively). Conclusions: Advanced cancer patients who acknowledge having discussions of P/LE with their oncologists have a better understanding of the terminal nature of their illnesses as compared to those who do not, and thus may be better prepared to make informed end-of-life care decisions.

Standards to Guide the Use of Clinical Judgment in the Field of Intellectual Disability

2015 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 240-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Luckasson ◽  
Robert L. Schalock
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Disability ◽  
Current Literature ◽  
Clinical Judgment ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Diagnosis Classification

Abstract The purpose of this article is to discuss 10 Clinical Judgment Standards and associated best practice indicators based on current literature and an understanding of the context of clinical judgment. Throughout the article, we stress the important role that clinical judgment plays in formulating valid and precise decisions and recommendations regarding diagnosis, classification, and planning supports.

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