scholarly journals Towards a Natural Classification of Hyphodontia Sensu Lato and the Trait Evolution of Basidiocarps within Hymenochaetales (Basidiomycota)

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 478
Author(s):  
Xue-Wei Wang ◽  
Tom W. May ◽  
Shi-Liang Liu ◽  
Li-Wei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Trait Evolution ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
The Family ◽  
Phylogenetic Perspective ◽  
Taxonomic Framework ◽  
First Time

Hyphodontia sensu lato, belonging to Hymenochaetales, accommodates corticioid wood-inhabiting basidiomycetous fungi with resupinate basidiocarps and diverse hymenophoral characters. Species diversity of Hyphodontia sensu lato has been extensively explored worldwide, but in previous studies the six accepted genera in Hyphodontia sensu lato, viz. Fasciodontia, Hastodontia, Hyphodontia, Kneiffiella, Lyomyces and Xylodon were not all strongly supported from a phylogenetic perspective. Moreover, the relationships among these six genera in Hyphodontia sensu lato and other lineages within Hymenochaetales are not clear. In this study, we performed comprehensive phylogenetic analyses on the basis of multiple loci. For the first time, the independence of each of the six genera receives strong phylogenetic support. The six genera are separated in four clades within Hymenochaetales: Fasciodontia, Lyomyces and Xylodon are accepted as members of a previously known family Schizoporaceae, Kneiffiella and Hyphodontia are, respectively, placed in two monotypic families, viz. a previous name Chaetoporellaceae and a newly introduced name Hyphodontiaceae, and Hastodontia is considered to be a genus with an uncertain taxonomic position at the family rank within Hymenochaetales. The three families emerged between 61.51 and 195.87 million years ago. Compared to other families in the Hymenochaetales, these ages are more or less similar to those of Coltriciaceae, Hymenochaetaceae and Oxyporaceae, but much older than those of the two families Neoantrodiellaceae and Nigrofomitaceae. In regard to species, two, one, three and 10 species are newly described from Hyphodontia, Kneiffiella, Lyomyces and Xylodon, respectively. The taxonomic status of additional 30 species names from these four genera is briefly discussed; an epitype is designated for X. australis. The resupinate habit and poroid hymenophoral configuration were evaluated as the ancestral state of basidiocarps within Hymenochaetales. The resupinate habit mainly remains, while the hymenophoral configuration mainly evolves to the grandinioid-odontioid state and also back to the poroid state at the family level. Generally, a taxonomic framework for Hymenochaetales with an emphasis on members belonging to Hyphodontia sensu lato is constructed, and trait evolution of basidiocarps within Hymenochaetales is revealed accordingly.

Mimaporia, a new genus of Epicopeiidae (Lepidoptera), with description of a new species from Vietnam

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4254 (5) ◽  
pp. 537 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHIA-HSUAN WEI ◽  
SHEN-HORN YEN
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The Epicopeiidae is a small geometroid family distributed in the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions. It exhibits high morphological diversity in body size and wing shape, while their wing patterns involve in various complex mimicry rings. In the present study, we attempted to describe a new genus, and a new species from Vietnam, with comments on two assumed congeneric novel species from China and India. To address its phylogenetic affinity, we reconstructed the phylogeny of the family by using sequence data of COI, EF-1α, and 28S gene regions obtained from seven genera of Epicopeiidae with Pseudobiston pinratanai as the outgroup. We also compared the morphology of the new taxon to other epicopeiid genera to affirm its taxonomic status. The results suggest that the undescribed taxon deserve a new genus, namely Mimaporia gen. n. The species from Vietnam, Mimaporia hmong sp. n., is described as new to science. Under different tree building strategies, the new genus is the sister group of either Chatamla Moore, 1881 or Parabraxas Leech, 1897. The morphological evidence, which was not included in phylogenetic analyses, however, suggests its potential affinity with Burmeia Minet, 2003. This study also provides the first, although preliminary, molecular phylogeny of the family on which the revised systematics and interpretation of character evolution can be based. 

scholarly journals Three New distributional records of Pen Shells (Bivalvia: Pinnidae) from Seagrass beds of Palk Bay Area in Tamil Nadu

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chelladurai Stella ◽  
Packiam Paul ◽  
Chelladurai Ragunathan
Keyword(s):  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Intertidal Area ◽  
Meristic Characters ◽  
Hard Substratum ◽  
Bay Area ◽  
The Family ◽  
Tidal Area ◽  
Palk Bay ◽  
First Time

The new occurrence of Three species of bivalves from Pinnidae family  is recorded for the first time from Palk Bay area based on a live and dead shells collected from the Intertidal area . All the three species are under the family of  Pinnidae, Pinna bicolor, Pinna deltodes and Pinna incurva . In seagrass bed of Thondi Coast, all the species of Pen shells Pinna bicolor, Pinna deltodes and Pinna incurva  were embedded in muddy sand and found associated with seagrasses at inter-tidal area. It was also found buried in hard substratum associated with living zoanthids and soft coral. The collected specimens were identified as, (1) Pinna bicolor, (2) Pinna deltodes and (3) Pinna Incurva by using both morphometric and meristic characters. The paper described the taxonomic status and the description of the three species of bivalves collected from Palk Bay areas.

scholarly journals Delimitation, new species and teleomorph-anamorph relationships in Codinaea, Dendrophoma, Paragaeumannomyces and Striatosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriaceae)

MycoKeys ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 74 ◽  
pp. 17-74
Author(s):  
Martina Réblová ◽  
Jana Nekvindová ◽  
Jacques Fournier ◽  
Andrew N. Miller
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Monophyletic Clade ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Family ◽  
Terrestrial Habitats ◽  
First Time

The Chaetosphaeriaceae are a diverse group of pigmented, predominantly phialidic hyphomycetes comprised of several holomorphic genera including Chaetosphaeria, the most prominent genus of the family. Although the morphology of the teleomorphs of the majority of Chaetosphaeria is rather uniform, their associated anamorphs primarily exhibit the variability and evolutionary change observed in the genus. An exception from the morphological monotony among Chaetosphaeria species is a group characterised by scolecosporous, hyaline to light pink, multiseptate, asymmetrical ascospores and a unique three-layered ascomatal wall. Paragaeumannomyces sphaerocellularis, the type species of the genus, exhibits these morphological traits and is compared with similar Chaetosphaeria with craspedodidymum- and chloridium-like synanamorphs. Morphological comparison and phylogenetic analyses of the combined ITS-28S sequences of 35 isolates and vouchers with these characteristics revealed a strongly-supported, morphologically well-delimited clade in the Chaetosphaeriaceae containing 16 species. The generic name Paragaeumannomyces is applied to this monophyletic clade; eight new combinations and five new species, i.e. P. abietinussp. nov., P. eleganssp. nov., P. granulatussp. nov., P. sabinianussp. nov. and P. smokiensissp. nov., are proposed. A key to Paragaeumannomyces is provided. Using morphology, cultivation studies and phylogenetic analyses of ITS and 28S rDNA, two additional new species from freshwater and terrestrial habitats, Codinaea paniculatasp. nov. and Striatosphaeria castaneasp. nov., are described in the family. A codinaea-like anamorph of S. castanea forms conidia with setulae at each end in axenic culture; this feature expands the known morphology of Striatosphaeria. A chaetosphaeria-like teleomorph is experimentally linked to Dendrophoma cytisporoides, a sporodochial hyphomycete and type species of Dendrophoma, for the first time.

The enigmatic groundwater amphipod Awacaris kawasawai revisited: synonymisation of the genus Sternomoera, with molecular phylogenetic analyses of Awacaris and Sternomoera species (Crustacea : Amphipoda : Pontogeneiidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ko Tomikawa ◽  
Masaki Kyono ◽  
Keiko Kuribayashi ◽  
Takafumi Nakano
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Cryptic Diversity ◽  
Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
The Japanese Archipelago ◽  
Kochi Prefecture

Amphipod crustaceans are dominant in subterranean habitats, and members of eight genera are endemic to groundwater environments in the Japanese Archipelago. The taxonomic status of two of these genera remains unclear, because their original descriptions were incomplete. The descriptions of the enigmatic subterranean monotypic genus Awacaris and its type species, A. kawasawai Uéno, 1971, are revisited here. Awacaris kawasawai was originally described based on specimens from a subterranean stream at Himise Cave, Tokushima Prefecture, Shikoku, Japan. Recently, a new population of A. kawasawai was found at Saruta Cave, Kochi Prefecture, Shikoku. Detailed observation of the newly collected specimens reveals the presence of sternal gills, which is the diagnostic character of the pontogeneiid genus Sternomoera, making the validity of Sternomoera open to question. Phylogenetic analyses using nuclear 28S rRNA and mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I markers demonstrate that A. kawasawai forms a well-supported clade with the subterranean S. morinoi Tomikawa and Ishimaru, 2014. In addition, phylogenetic analysis reveals cryptic diversity in epigean species of Sternomoera. Ancestral state reconstruction suggests that catadromous Sternomoera species have evolved from freshwater ancestors. Based on our morphological and phylogenetic analysis of Awacaris and Sternomoera species, it is concluded here that Sternomoera should be treated as a subjective junior synonym of Awacaris.

The Phylogenetic Position of Crenea in the Lythraceae Based on Molecular Evidence, and the Transfer of Its Two Species to Ammannia

2021 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 325-339
Author(s):  
Shirley A. Graham ◽  
Peter W. Inglis ◽  
Taciana B. Cavalcanti
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Character ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Monophyletic Lineage ◽  
The Family ◽  
Mangrove Vegetation ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Globally Distributed

Crenea Aubl. (Lythraceae) is a ditypic genus of subshrubs occurring in mangrove vegetation on the coasts of northern South America. Phylogenetic analyses based on morphology have offered unresolved and conflicting phylogenetic positions for the genus in the family. This study presents the first molecular sequences for Crenea, from nrITS, rbcL, trnL, trnL-F, and matK regions. Molecular phylogenetic analyses find full support for Crenea within Ammannia L., a relationship not previously recognized. Ammannia is a globally distributed genus of terrestrial to amphibious herbs mostly occurring in freshwater marshes and wetlands. It was recently reconfigured based on phylogenetic evidence to include the genera Nesaea Comm. ex Kunth and Hionanthera A. Fern. & Diniz. The transfer of Crenea to Ammannia further extends the morphological, ecological, and biogeographical diversity of Ammannia and provides the final evidence defining Ammannia as a monophyletic lineage of the Lythraceae. A revised circumscription of Ammannia s.l. adds several new morphological character states and the first species in the genus restricted to mangrove vegetation. Two changes in taxonomic status are made: Ammannia maritima (Aubl.) S. A. Graham, P. W. Inglis, & T. B. Cavalc., comb. nov., and Ammannia patentinervius (Koehne) S. A. Graham, P. W. Inglis, & T. B. Cavalc., comb. nov. The new combinations are described, a list of exsiccatae examined is provided, and the effects of the reconfiguration to the morphology and biogeography of the genus are detailed.

New data on life cycles for three species of Fellodistomidae (Digenea) in the White Sea

2020 ◽  
Vol 94 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Krupenko ◽  
A. Uryadova ◽  
A. Gonchar ◽  
G. Kremnev ◽  
V. Krapivin
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
White Sea ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Life Cycles ◽  
The White Sea ◽  
Arctic Seas ◽  
Buccinum Undatum ◽  
The Family ◽  
Second Intermediate Host ◽  
First Time

Abstract Few digeneans of the family Fellodistomidae are known from the Russian Arctic seas. The taxonomic status of these species, their life cycles and host range raised recurrent questions, some of which remain unanswered. To revise the species composition and life cycles of fellodistomids in the White Sea, we searched for them in several known and suspected hosts: wolffish, flatfishes (definitive), gastropods of the family Buccinidae (second intermediate) and protobranch bivalves (first intermediate). Species identification was based both on morphology and 28S ribosomal RNA gene sequences. We found Fellodistomum agnotum in the White Sea for the first time. Buccinum undatum was proved to be intermediate host of both F. agnotum and Fellodistomum fellis, and metacercariae of F. fellis were registered from two more buccinid species: Buccinum scalariforme and Neptunea despecta. We also found metacercariae of F. agnotum and F. fellis producing eggs in the second intermediate host. Two fellodistomids were found in protobranch bivalves: sporocysts and cercariae of Steringophorus furciger in Nuculana pernula, and sporocysts with large furcocercous cercariae in Ennucula tenuis. The latter were identified as F. agnotum by molecular analysis; thus, the entire life cycle of this species was reconstructed.

The Emperor’s Cadlina, hidden diversity and gill cavity evolution: new insights for the taxonomy and phylogeny of dorid nudibranchs (Mollusca: Gastropoda)

2020 ◽  
Vol 189 (3) ◽  
pp. 762-827 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Korshunova ◽  
Karin Fletcher ◽  
Bernard Picton ◽  
Kennet Lundin ◽  
Sho Kashio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family System ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Gill Cavity ◽  
Cavity Evolution ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Dorids are one of the largest nudibranch groups, encompassing more than 2000 species. One of the crucial problems with tracing the evolution of dorids is the relationship between cryptobranch dorids (gill cavity present) and phanerobranch dorids (gill cavity absent). Integrative morphological and molecular studies of the enigmatic Japanese dorid species of the cryptobranch genus Cadlina, C. japonica and ‘C.’ sagamiensis, which were collected by the Emperor of Japan (Shōwa era), are presented here for the first time. It is shown that while C. japonica does belong to the Cadlina clade, another Japanese species ‘C.’ sagamiensis is not part of the cryptobranch dorids of the family Cadlinidae, but is related to both the phanerobranch dorid family, Hexabranchidae, and to the cryptobranch family Cadlinellidae stat. nov. A new genus, Showajidaia gen. nov., and new family, Showajidaiidae fam. nov., are proposed for ‘C.’ sagamiensis, and four new species of the genus Cadlina are described based on a dorid-wide molecular phylogenetic analysis, which is the first substantial update of the dorid family system since 2010. Integration of phylogenetic data with an ontogenetic model of dorid evolution suggests that cryptobranch organization can be most reliably assessed as the ancestral state for the majority of dorids.

scholarly journals The phylogenetic position of the solitary zoanthid genus Sphenopus (Cnidaria: Hexacorallia)

2012 ◽  
Vol 81 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Reimer ◽  
Meifang Lin ◽  
Takuma Fujii ◽  
David J.W. Lane ◽  
Bert W. Hoeksema
Keyword(s):  
Marine Invertebrates ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Solid Substrate ◽  
Ancestral State Reconstruction ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
State Reconstruction ◽  
Unique Character ◽  
The Family ◽  
Southern Taiwan

The zoanthid genus Sphenopus (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Zoantharia), like many other brachycnemic zoanthids, is found in shallow subtropical and tropical waters, but is uniquely unitary (solitary, monostomatous), azooxanthellate, and free-living. With sparse knowledge of its phylogenetic position, this study examines the phylogenetic position of Sphenopus within the family Sphenopidae utilizing specimens from southern Taiwan and Brunei collected in 1999-2011, and furthermore analyzes the evolution of its unique character set via ancestral state reconstruction analyses. Phylogenetic analyses surprisingly show Sphenopus to be phylogenetically positioned within the genus Palythoa, which is colonial (polystomatous), zooxanthellate, and attached to solid substrate. Ancestral state reconstruction strongly indicates that the unique characters of Sphenopus have evolved recently within Palythoa and only in the Sphenopuslineage. These results indicate that zoanthid body plans can evolve with rapidity, as in some other marine invertebrates, and that the traditional definitions of zoanthid genera may need reexamination.

scholarly journals Characterization of the complete genomes of Camelus dromedarius papillomavirus types 1 and 2

2011 ◽  
Vol 92 (8) ◽  
pp. 1769-1777 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Ure ◽  
A. K. Elfadl ◽  
A. I. Khalafalla ◽  
A. A. R. Gameel ◽  
J. Dillner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Camelus Dromedarius ◽  
Bovine Papillomavirus ◽  
Lower Jaw ◽  
The Family ◽  
Complete Genomes ◽  
First Time

Camel papillomatosis has been described previously, but the genome of the suspected papillomavirus (PV) has not been identified. An outbreak of papillomatosis occurred in a dromedary farm of 55 animals in Sudan during August 2009. The disease was only present in young animals aged about 3–7 months, of which 44 % (11/25) were affected with lesions, mainly on the lips and lower jaw. This study reports for the first time the complete genomes of Camelus dromedarius papillomavirus types 1 (CdPV1) and 2 (CdPV2), isolated from a cauliflower-like nodule and a round oval raised nodule, respectively. Pairwise comparisons of their L1 nucleotide sequences revealed 69.2 % identity, and phylogenetic analyses suggested that these two PV types are grouped within the genus Deltapapillomavirus. Both viruses were isolated from fibropapillomas, although no putative E5 proteins homologous to that of bovine papillomavirus type 1 were identified. The genetic information will be useful for evolutionary studies of the family Papillomaviridae, as well as for the development of diagnostic methods for surveillance of the disease in dromedaries.

scholarly journals Comparative Mitogenomics of Fungal Species in Stachybotryaceae Provides Evolutionary Insights into Hypocreales

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13341
Author(s):  
Li-Yuan Ren ◽  
Shu Zhang ◽  
Yong-Jie Zhang
Keyword(s):  
State Estimation ◽  
Early Cretaceous ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Stachybotrys Chartarum ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Intron Insertion ◽  
Dominant Pattern ◽  
The Family

Stachybotrys chartarum is one of the world’s ten most feared fungi within the family Stachybotryaceae, although to date, not a single mitogenome has been documented for Stachybotryaceae. Herein, six mitogenomes of four different species in Stachybotryaceae are newly reported. The S. chartarum mitogenome was 30.7 kb in length and contained two introns (one each in rnl and cox1). A comparison of the mitogenomes of three different individuals of S. chartarum showed few nucleotide variations and conservation of gene content/order and intron insertion. A comparison of the mitogenomes of four different Stachybotryaceae species (Memnoniella echinata, Myrothecium inundatum, S. chartarum, and S. chlorohalonata), however, revealed variations in intron insertion, gene order/content, and nad2/nad3 joining pattern. Further investigations on all Hypocreales species with available mitogenomes showed greater variabilities in gene order (six patterns) and nad2/nad3 joining pattern (five patterns) although a dominant pattern always existed in each case. Ancestral state estimation showed that in each case the dominant pattern was always more ancestral than those rare patterns. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrion-encoded genes supported the placement of Stachybotryaceae in Hypocreales. The crown age of Stachybotryaceae was estimated to be approximately the Early Cretaceous (141–142 Mya). This study greatly promotes our understanding of the evolution of fungal species in Hypocreales.

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