scholarly journals The Efficacy of Green Synthesized Nanosilver in Reducing the Incidence of Post-Harvest Apple Fruit Brown Rot

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 473
Author(s):  
Adel Kamel Madbouly
Keyword(s):  
Brown Rot ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Visible Absorption ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Tea Extract ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Apple Fruits

This study aimed to green synthesize nanosilver (AgNPs) using black tea extract and use it as a nanopreservative to increase the shelf life of stored apple fruits. Ultraviolet visible absorption (UV–vis) analysis of AgNPs recorded two λ max values at 260 and 452 nm. Transmission electron microscope and dynamic light scattering analyses showed that AgNPs are spherical in shape and have an average size of 20 and 170.6 nm, respectively, with a zeta potential of −20.06 mV. An in vitro assay confirmed the antifungal potential of AgNPs against M. fructigena when applied at 200 mg/L and preincubated for 4 days, reducing the radial growth by 96.1%. At the same dose and preincubation period, AgNPs caused a significant reduction in the diameter and fresh weight of brown rotted lesions in apple fruits artificially coinoculated with the pathogen by 77.4% and 84.4%, respectively. AgNPs caused the leakage of proteins and DNA from M. fructigena conidia and did not express cytotoxicity against the human HaCaT cell lines. Accordingly, green synthesized AgNPs are eco-friendly and economical and do not pose harm to human health; thus, they could be used as an effective nanopreservative in apple fruit stores to reduce the incidence of brown rot disease.

scholarly journals Improving the Biocontrol Potential of Bacterial Antagonists with Salicylic Acid against Brown Rot Disease and Impact on Nectarine Fruits Quality

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 209
Author(s):  
Nadia Lyousfi ◽  
Rachid Lahlali ◽  
Chaimaa Letrib ◽  
Zineb Belabess ◽  
Rachida Ouaabou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salicylic Acid ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Antagonistic Bacteria ◽  
Biological Treatments ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
The Impact

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of both antagonistic bacteria Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (SF14) and Alcaligenes faecalis (ACBC1) used in combination with salicylic acid (SA) to effectively control brown rot disease caused by Monilinia fructigena. Four concentrations of salicylic acid (0.5%, 2%, 3.5%, and 5%) were tested under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Furthermore, the impact of biological treatments on nectarine fruit parameters’ quality, in particular, weight loss, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content, was evaluated. Regardless of the bacterium, the results indicated that all combined treatments displayed a strong inhibitory effect on the mycelial growth of M. fructigena and disease severity. Interestingly, all SA concentrations significantly improved the biocontrol activity of each antagonist. The mycelial growth inhibition rate ranged from 9.79% to 88.02% with the highest reduction rate recorded for bacterial antagonists in combination with SA at both concentrations of 0.5% and 3.5%. The in vivo results confirmed the in vitro results with a disease severity varying from 0.00% to 51.91%. A significant biocontrol improvement was obtained with both antagonistic bacteria when used in combination with SA at concentrations of 0.5% and 2%. The lowest disease severity observed with ACBC1 compared with SF14 is likely due to a rapid adaptation and increase of antagonistic bacteria population in wounded sites. The impact of all biological treatments revealed moderate significant changes in the fruit quality parameters with weight loss for several treatments. These results suggest that the improved disease control of both antagonistic bacteria was more likely directly linked to both the inhibitory effects of SA on pathogen growth and induced fruit resistance.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Plant's Essential Oils against Post Harvest Fungal Disease of Apple Fruit

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
pp. 86-100
Author(s):  
Nirjan Oli ◽  
Uday Kumar Singh ◽  
Sanjay Kumar Jha
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Eucalyptus Citriodora ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Cinnamomum Tamala ◽  
Postharvest Rot ◽  
Apple Fruits

Bioactive natural compounds are developed as alternatives to synthetic fungicides for the control of rot diseases of apple fruit. The antifungal activity of essential oils exudes from five plants, namely, Cinnamomum tamala, Lantana camara, Ageratina adenophora, Citrus limetta and Eucalyptus citriodora were evaluated in vitro against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Fusarium oxysporum and Alternaria alternata causing postharvest rot disease in apple fruits. The pathogens were isolated from infected apple fruits collected from local markets of Kathamandu, Nepal. The essential oils were extracted through hydro-distillation process using Clevenger apparatus. The pathogenicity test was confirmed by inoculating pathogen into healthy apple fruit. The assessment of fungi toxicity was carried out by poison food technique using five different concentrations: 2.5μl/ml, 5μl/ml, 10μl/ml, 20μl/ml and 40μl/ml and controls were set to determine percentage inhibition of mycelial growth to test fungi. Among tested five essential oils, Cinnamomum tamala showed most effective antifungal activity against all three pathogens, which inhibited mycelium growth by 100% at 40 μl/ml concentrations. However, Eucalyptus citriodora showed all three pathogens inhibited mycelium growth by 65.87%, 73.17% and 86.91%, respectively at 40 μl/ml concentration.

scholarly journals Control of Sphaeropsis Rot in Stored Apple Fruit Caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens with Postharvest Fungicides

Plant Disease ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 95 (9) ◽  
pp. 1075-1079 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Xiao ◽  
Y. K. Kim ◽  
R. J. Boal
Keyword(s):  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Conidial Germination ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Sphaeropsis Rot

Sphaeropsis rot caused by Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens is a recently reported postharvest fruit rot disease of apple grown in Washington State. The objective of this study was to develop chemical-based mitigation measures for Sphaeropsis rot in stored apple fruit. To determine in vitro sensitivity of S. pyriputrescens to the three registered postharvest fungicides thiabendazole, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil, 30 isolates of S. pyriputrescens obtained from various sources were tested for mycelial growth and conidial germination on fungicide-amended media. Golden Delicious apple fruit were inoculated with the pathogen in the orchard at 2 or 5 weeks before harvest. After harvest, fruit were either nontreated or dipped in thiabendazole, fludioxonil, or pyrimethanil solutions, stored at 0°C, and monitored for decay development for up to 9 months after harvest. The mean effective concentration of a fungicide that inhibits mycelial growth or spore germination by 50% relative to the nonamended control (EC50) values of thiabendazole, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil on mycelial growth were 0.791, 0.0005, and 2.829 μg/ml, respectively. Fludioxonil and pyrimethanil also were effective in inhibiting conidial germination of the fungus with EC50 values of 0.02 μg/ml for fludioxonil and 5.626 μg/ml for pyrimethanil. All three postharvest fungicides applied at label rates immediately after harvest were equally effective in controlling Sphaeropsis rot in stored apple fruit, reducing disease incidence by 92 to 100% compared with the nontreated control. The results indicated that Sphaeropsis rot may be effectively controlled by the currently registered postharvest fungicides thiabendazole, fludioxonil, and pyrimethanil.

scholarly journals Corrigendum: Effect of Black Tea Extract and Thearubigins on Osteoporosis in Rats and Osteoclast Formation in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Liang ◽  
Ming Lv ◽  
Xiaojuan Zhang ◽  
Jun Hu ◽  
Ying Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black Tea ◽  
Osteoclast Formation ◽  
Black Tea Extract ◽  
Tea Extract

scholarly journals Vasculoprotective Effects of Water Extracts of Black, Green and Dark Tea in Vitro

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1701200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-ting Wu ◽  
Wan-hong Du ◽  
Ling Shi ◽  
Qin Liang ◽  
Xiao-qing Zou
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Uptake ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Vascular Complications ◽  
Black Tea ◽  
Inhibitory Effects ◽  
Promotion Effect ◽  
Complications Of Diabetes ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Tea Extract

To investigate the preventive effects of tea on hyperglycemia and vascular complications of diabetes, we report the extraction and composition as well as the vasculoprotective effects of black tea extract (BTE), green tea extract (GTE), and dark tea extract (DTE). High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) and colorimetric methods were conducted to analyze for tea catechins, caffeine, polyphenols, amino acids and polysaccharides of BTE, GTE and DTE. The inhibitory effects of α-glucosidase, aldose reductase (AR), advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) and glucose uptake promotion effect in BTE, GTE and DTE were explored in vitro. Contents of six major catechin forms and total catechin as well as polyphenols are higher in GTE and DTE than BTE. BTE, GTE, and DTE showed the inhibitory effects of α-glucosidase, AR, and AGEs, but only DTE exhibited the glucose uptake promotion effect in HepG2 cells. The results suggest that regular consumption of tea can help prevent the progression of hyperglycemia and the vascular complications of diabetes.

scholarly journals Distribution and Characterization of Monilinia spp. Causing Apple Fruit Decay in Serbia

Plant Disease ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miljan Vasić ◽  
Ivana Vico ◽  
Wayne M. Jurick ◽  
Nataša Duduk
Keyword(s):  
Pathogen Detection ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Morphological Characterization ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Postharvest Disease ◽  
Pome Fruit

Brown rot, caused by Monilinia spp., is an economically important pre- and postharvest disease of pome and stone fruits worldwide. In Serbia, apple is the most widely grown pome fruit, and the distribution of economically important Monilinia spp. responsible for apple brown rot is unknown. Hence, we conducted a three year survey, from 2010 to 2012, where 349 isolates were obtained from six orchards and four storage facilities from five different apple cultivars with brown rot symptoms. Morphological characterization of the isolates, multiplex PCR, and phylogenetic analysis revealed four species: M. fructigena, M. laxa, M. fructicola, and Monilia polystroma. All species were found in the orchard and in storage, with M. fructigena predominating, followed by M. polystroma. Representative isolates were analyzed in vitro and in vivo where differences in growth rate, sporulation, and virulence on apple fruit were observed. Findings from this investigation demonstrate diversity in the species responsible for pre- and postharvest apple brown rot, which has significant implications for pathogen detection and for developing disease-specific management strategies.

scholarly journals In Vitro and In Vivo Antifungal Activities of Nine Commercial Essential Oils against Brown Rot in Apples

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 545
Author(s):  
Assia El Khetabi ◽  
Said Ezrari ◽  
Lahsen El Ghadraoui ◽  
Abdessalem Tahiri ◽  
Lhoussain Ait Haddou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oils ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Syzygium Aromaticum ◽  
Ft Ir

After harvest, numerous plant pathogenic fungi can infect fresh fruits during transit and storage. Although synthetic fungicides are often used to manage postharvest fruit diseases, their application may lead to problems such as the development of fungicide resistance and residues on fruits. In the present study, the antifungal potential of nine commercial essential oils (EOs) extracted from Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata, Mentha pulegium, Rosmarinus officinalis, Origanum compactum, Lavandula angustifolia, Syzygium aromaticum, Thymus vulgaris, Citrus aurantium, and Citrus sinensis were tested against the apple brown rot fungi Monilinia laxa and Monilinia fructigena at different concentrations in vitro (against mycelial growth and spore germination) and in vivo (on detached apple fruit and in semi-commercial postharvest conditions). In addition, fruit quality parameters were evaluated and the composition of the EOs was characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy. In vitro results showed significant antifungal activity of all tested EOs on both fungal species. EOs from S. aromaticum were the most effective, whereby inhibition percentages ranged from 64.0 to 94.7% against M. laxa and from 63.9 to 94.4% against M. fructigena for the concentrations 12.5 and 100 µL/mL, respectively, with an EC50 of 6.74 µL/mL for M. laxa and 10.1 µL/mL for M. fructigena. The higher concentrations tested of S. aromaticum, T. vulgaris, C. aurantium, and C. sinensis EOs significantly reduced spore germination, brown rot incidence, and lesion diameter. Evaluation of the treatments during storage for 20 days at 4 °C on apple fruit quality parameters demonstrated the preservation of the fruit quality characteristics studied (weight loss, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, firmness, and maturity index). FT-IR spectra obtained from all tested EO samples presented characteristic peaks and a high diversity of functional groups such as O–H groups, C–H bonds, and C–C stretching. The EOs examined here may have the potential for controlling postharvest fungal diseases of fruit such as brown rot.

Fruit brown rot disease of apples imported to Mongolia

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 68-72
Author(s):  
Z Dolgor ◽  
D Undarmaa
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Apple Scab ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Colony Growth ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Pathogen Identification ◽  
Disease Symptoms ◽  
Margin Entire ◽  
Rot Disease ◽  
Colony Shape

Mongolia has imported 3094.8 tones apple from China, 318 tones apple from Russia and 140.8 tones from USA for in average for 2010-2011 and regarding to imported apples, 25% brown rot disease infection, 9.8% apple scab, 1.8% mixed infection of brown rot and scab, 1,8% bacterial spotted disease infection and 10% non-infectious disease symptoms were described within study period.The brown rot of apple fruit is occupied 37-41% in the imported apples from China, 12-19% in the imported apples from USA and 11-29% in the imported apples from Russia, hereof the imported apples from China, the main importer country for apples, has the highest indication on the fruit brown rot disease.According to pathogen identification of apple brown rot disease, which are described as Monilinia fructicola- species that was a cause of the fruit brown rot was widely spread on imported apples. M. fructicola species’s cultural characters are described as follows: tan colourred, dry, course and ringed colony on prune extract agar medium (upper surface of plate), its colony growth 9.9-17mm. Colony shape is margin entire and sporulation was abundant. Its conidial diamensions 6.06-12.29 μm x 4.85-8.2 μm were measured. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5564/mjas.v11i2.220 Mongolian Journal of Agricultural Sciences Vol.11(2) 2013 pp.68-72

Influence of fertilizer treatment on apple fruit composition and physiology. 1. Influence on cell size and cell number.

1961 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 600 ◽  
Author(s):  
DS Letham
Keyword(s):  
Cell Size ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Fertilizer Treatment ◽  
Fruit Composition ◽  
Average Size ◽  
Cell Volumes ◽  
Apple Fruits

Cell size and cell number in Sturmer Pippin apple fruits from trees receiving different fertilizer treatments have been determined. N fruit contained larger cells than U, P, NP, or NPK fruit of the same weight (K = 2 lb sulphate of ammonia, P = 4 lb superphosphate, and K = 1 lb sulphate of potash per tree per year: U = no fertilizer). Fruit from the latter four treatments did not show any consistent differences in cell size. In fruit of the average size for each treatment, differences in cell number per fruit were present,, N fruit containing fewer and larger cells than fruit from all other treatments. Cell number of NPK fruit was greater than that of U fruit. Mean cell volumes for fruit from the various treatments were significantly correlated with the incidences of internal breakdown in storage in each of three years. IS fruit of varieties Cox's Orange Pippin and Dunn's Favourite contained larger cells than U or SPK fruit of the same size. Delicious SPK fruit contained smaller cells than U or IS fruit), the cell sizes of which did not differ.

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