scholarly journals Characterizing the Assemblage of Wood-Decay Fungi in the Forests of Northwest Arkansas

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 309
Author(s):  
Nawaf Alshammari ◽  
Fuad Ameen ◽  
Muneera D. F. AlKahtani ◽  
Steven Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Coarse Woody Debris ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacer ◽  
Forest Ecosystems ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Northwest Arkansas ◽  
Decaying Wood

The study reported herein represents an effort to characterize the wood-decay fungi associated with three study areas representative of the forest ecosystems found in northwest Arkansas. In addition to specimens collected in the field, small pieces of coarse woody debris (usually dead branches) were collected from the three study areas, returned to the laboratory, and placed in plastic incubation chambers to which water was added. Fruiting bodies of fungi appearing in these chambers over a period of several months were collected and processed in the same manner as specimens associated with decaying wood in the field. The internal transcribed spacer (ITS) ribosomal DNA region was sequenced, and these sequences were blasted against the NCBI database. A total of 320 different fungal taxa were recorded, the majority of which could be identified to species. Two hundred thirteen taxa were recorded as field collections, and 68 taxa were recorded from the incubation chambers. Thirty-nine sequences could be recorded only as unidentified taxa. Collectively, the specimens of fungi collected in the forests of northwest Arkansas belong to 64 and 128 families and genera, respectively.

scholarly journals Carbon and Oxygen Gas Exchange in Woody Debris: The Process and Climate-Related Drivers

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1156
Author(s):  
Victor A. Mukhin ◽  
Daria K. Diyarova ◽  
Mikhail L. Gitarskiy ◽  
Dmitry G. Zamolodchikov
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Co2 Emission ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Biotic Factor ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Oxygen Gas

The carbon-to-oxygen relationship and gas exchange balance, organic carbon to CO2 conversion intensity and efficiency, and their relevance to climate parameters and wood decay fungi were investigated for birch woody debris (WD) in the Mid-Urals mixed pine and birch forests. It was shown that, within the range of temperatures from 10 to 40 °C and relative moisture (RM) of wood of 40% and 70%, aerobic gas exchange was observed in the WD, encompassing the physiologically entwined processes of CO2 emission and O2 uptake. Their volumetric ratio (0.9) confirmed that (1) the WD represents a globally significant CO2 source and appropriate O2 consumer and (2) the oxidative conversion of organic carbon is highly efficient in the WD, with an average ratio of CO2 released to O2 consumed equal to 90%. The balance of carbon-to-oxygen gas exchange and oxidizing conversion efficiency in the WD were not affected by either fungal species tested or by moisture or temperature. However, the intensity of gas exchange was unique for each wood decay fungi, and it could be treated as a climate-reliant parameter driven by temperature (Q10 = 2.0–2.1) and moisture (the latter induced a corresponding trend and value changes in CO2 emission and O2 uptake). Depending on the direction and degree of the change in temperature and moisture, their combined effect on the intensity of gas exchange led to its strengthening or weakening; otherwise, it was stabilized. Aerobic respiration of wood decay Basidiomycetes is an essential prerequisite and the major biotic factor in the WD gas exchange, while moisture and temperature are its climatic controllers only.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Moisture Content on the Survival of Ganoderma Species and Other Wood-Inhabiting Fungi

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (10) ◽  
pp. 1201-1204 ◽  
Author(s):  
TunTschu Chang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Woody Debris ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Term Survival ◽  
Soil Matrix ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Chlamydospore Formation ◽  
Over Time

The survival of mycelia of Ganoderma australe, G. boninense, G. lucidum, and G. weberianum in colonized wood was measured in soils with different soil matrix potentials. Survival of mycelia of G. australe and G. boninense, which do not produce chlamydospores, buried in plots subjected to different soil moisture treatments, declined rapidly, and the fungi could not be recovered after 9 to 12 weeks. Survival of mycelia of G. lucidum and G. weberianum, which produce chlamydospores, rapidly declined from 0 to 15 weeks of incubation but consistently ranged from 35 to 50% after 15 weeks of incubation. In regression analyses for each of the four Ganoderma species, there was no difference in the rate of change of mycelial survival over time among different soil moisture treatments. However, when data from only the -0.20 MPa treatment were used, the rates of change of mycelia survival over time of G. australe and G. boninense significantly differed from those of G. lucidum and G. weberianum. G. australe and G. boninense were not recovered from pieces of infested wood subjected to 3 and 1 months of flooding, respectively. In treatments with lower soil moisture, the survival of these two fungi ranged from 80 to 90% over 2 years. In all soil moisture treatments, survival of G. lucidum and G. weberianum ranged from 80% to more than 90% over 2 years. Similarly, seven species of other wood-inhabiting fungi that do not produce chlamydospores were not recovered from pieces of infested wood subjected to 1 or 5 months of flooding, but chlamydospore-producing species were recovered. These results indicate that, regardless of chlamydospore formation, woody debris in soils harboring wood-decay fungi may be important for long-term survival, and chlamydospores of Ganoderma in woody debris enhance the resistance of the fungi to environmental stresses such as flooding. Flooding infested fields may help control those woodinhabiting fungi such as G. australe and G. boninense that do not produce chlamydospores.

scholarly journals Impact of Field and Laboratory Environmental Conditions on the Diversity of Wood-Decay Fungi in the Forests of Northwest Arkansas

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1801-1808
Author(s):  
Nawaf I. Alshammari ◽  
Vajid N. Veettil ◽  
Abdel Moneim E. Sulieman ◽  
S.L. Stephenson
Keyword(s):  
Woody Debris ◽  
Fruit Body ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Northwest Arkansas ◽  
Taxonomic Groups

Environmental factors such as temperature and humidity directly affect the growth and fruit bodies of fungi. We studied the diversity of wood decaying fungal species, which have grown on same substrate in forest as well as laboratory environment. Ten specimens of fruit body of wood-decaying fungi and 24 random pieces of coarse wooden debris were collected from the forest of northwest Arkansas. The samples of coarse woody debris were incubated in laboratory-growth chambers for two months to promote the fungal growth. Fourty-two different species of wood-decay fungal isolates were recovered and identified by internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing. The isolates from the forest belonged to twenty-two different taxa whereas twenty taxonomic groups were reported from the growth compartments. Remarkably, data observed from two sets did not shared any taxon. These results indicated that environmental growth conditions play crucial role on fungal diversity even if grown on same substrates.

A comparison of the efficacy of six media for isolating wood-decaying Hymenomycetes

1995 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 104-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary C. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Agar Medium ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Brown Rot ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar Medium ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Isolation Media ◽  
Decaying Wood

Six media reported to be useful for isolating Hymenomycetes from decaying wood were compared. Plates containing these media were inoculated with small segments taken from decaying wood collected in the field. Hymenomycetes and other microorganisms that grew from the segments were recorded. A malt extract – potato dextrose agar medium that incorporated benomyl, neomycin, and streptomycin was the most successful at isolating the white or brown rot fungi.Key words: isolation media, Hymenomycetes, Basidiomycotina, wood decay fungi, benomyl.

Growth inhibition of wood-decay fungi by lignin-related aromatic compounds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cédric Cabral Almada ◽  
Mathilde Montibus ◽  
Frédérique Ham-Pichavant ◽  
Sandra Tapin-Lingua ◽  
Gilles Labat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Aromatic Compounds ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Aliphatic acids as spore germination inhibitors of wood-decay fungi in vitro

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elmer L. Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Spore Germination ◽  
Germ Tube ◽  
White Rot Fungi ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
White Rot ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Aliphatic Acids ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi

Influences of eight saturated aliphatic acids (C5–C10, C12, and C16) on basidiospores of four isolates of wood-decay fungi (Poria tenuis and Trametes hispida, white rot fungi, and two isolates of the brown rot fungus Gloeophyllum trabeum) were observed in vitro. Spore responses after 24 h on malt extract agar containing 10, 102 or 103 ppm of each acid included normal germination, delay of germ tube emergence, vacuolation and degeneration of spore cytoplasm, and prevention of germ tube development without spore destruction. Acids of chain length C5–C10 prevented spore germination and killed spores of all fungi at concentrations of 20–50 ppm in media, whereas other acids tested were less active. Spore germination assay of decay fungi may prove useful as a screening tool to compare potency of wood preservatives.

The role of wood decay fungi in the carbon and nitrogen dynamics of the forest floor

2009 ◽  
pp. 151-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Watkinson ◽  
Dan Bebber ◽  
Peter Darrah ◽  
Mark Fricker ◽  
Monika Tlalka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Forest Floor ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
Decay Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen ◽  
Wood Decay Fungi ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen Dynamics
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