scholarly journals Oral Administration of Lactobacillus helveticus LA401 and Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 Combination Attenuates Oesophageal and Gastrointestinal Candidiasis and Consequent Gut Inflammation in Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Hélène Authier ◽  
Marie Salon ◽  
Mouna Rahabi ◽  
Bénédicte Bertrand ◽  
Claude Blondeau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Lactobacillus Helveticus ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Lactobacillus Gasseri ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Gastrointestinal Candidiasis

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen that causes mucosal gastrointestinal (GI) candidiasis tightly associated with gut inflammatory status. The emergence of drug resistance, the side effects of currently available antifungals and the high frequency of recurrent candidiasis indicate that new and improved therapeutics are needed. Probiotics have been suggested as a useful alternative for the management of candidiasis. We demonstrated that oral administration of Lactobacillus gasseri LA806 alone or combined with Lactobacillus helveticus LA401 in Candida albicans-infected mice decrease the Candida colonization of the oesophageal and GI tract, highlighting a protective role for these strains in C. albicans colonization. Interestingly, the probiotic combination significantly modulates the composition of gut microbiota towards a protective profile and consequently dampens inflammatory and oxidative status in the colon. Moreover, we showed that L. helveticus LA401 and/or L. gasseri LA806 orient macrophages towards a fungicidal phenotype characterized by a C-type lectin receptors signature composed of Dectin-1 and Mannose receptor. Our findings suggest that the use of the LA401 and LA806 combination might be a promising strategy to manage GI candidiasis and the inflammation it causes by inducing the intrinsic antifungal activities of macrophages. Thus, the probiotic combination is a good candidate for managing GI candidiasis by inducing fungicidal functions in macrophages while preserving the GI integrity by modulating the microbiota and inflammation.

Rapid recruitment of late endosomes and lysosomes in mouse macrophages ingesting Candida albicans

1999 ◽  
Vol 112 (19) ◽  
pp. 3237-3248 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kaposzta ◽  
L. Marodi ◽  
M. Hollinshead ◽  
S. Gordon ◽  
R.P. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Tube Formation ◽  
Heat Inactivation ◽  
Filamentous Form ◽  
Late Endosomes ◽  
Latex Beads ◽  
Confocal Immunofluorescence ◽  
Mouse Macrophages

Candida albicans is an important opportunistic pathogen, whose interaction with cells of the immune system, in particular macrophages (MO), is poorly understood. In order to learn more about the nature of the infectious mechanism, internalisation of Candida albicans was studied in mouse MO by confocal immunofluorescence and electron microscopy in comparison with latex beads of similar size, which were coated with mannosyl-lipoarabinomannan (ManLAM) to target the MO mannose receptor (MR). Uptake of Candida yeasts had characteristics of phagocytosis, required intact actin filaments, and depended on the activity of protein kinase C (PKC). Candida phagosomes rapidly attracted lysosome-associated membrane protein (Lamp)-rich vacuoles, indicative of fusion with late endosomes and lysosomes. Rapid recruitment of late endosomes and lysosomes could be observed regardless of heat-inactivation or serum-opsonisation of Candida, but did not follow binding of the mannosylated-beads to MO, which suggest that this phenotype is not MR-specific. The yeasts developed germ tubes within phagolysosomes, distended their membranes and escaped, destroying the non-activated MO. The filamentous form of Candida could penetrate intact MO even when phagocytosis was blocked, and also attracted Lamp-rich organelles. Inhibition of lysosomal acidification and associated lysosomal fusion reduced germ tube formation of Candida within the phagolysosomes. These data suggest that rapid recruitment of late endocytic/lysosomal compartments by internalizing C. albicans favours survival and virulence of this pathogen.

scholarly journals Pathogenicity Mechanism of Candida albicans

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Snigdha Pattnaik ◽  
Laxmidhar Maharana ◽  
Manoj Sethi
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Candida Species ◽  
Treatment Guidelines ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Mannose Receptor ◽  
Human Pathogen ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Normal Human

In normal human microbiome, the polymorphic fungus Candida albicans is a crucial member. C. albicans resides mostly in individual as harmless commensal life. In specific situations, however, C. albicans can cause diseases that cause contaminations of the skin to life-threatening fundamental contaminations. Pathogenesis of Candida species is contributed by multiple factors. Some of the major contributors are enlisted here. These include host pathogen interaction, receptors molecule like TLR recognition, TLR signaling, C type lectin receptors, Dectin 1,2 and 3, mannose receptor, mincle, DC sign, Nod-Like Receptors (NLRs) and inflammasomes, soluble molecules in candida recognition, cellular responses to candida such as neutrophils, macrophages. This chapter enlightens all the components of candida pathogenicity by the assessment of Candida species pathogenic determinants. All together these will explain the current knowledge about how these determinant factors and receptors modulate virulence as well as consequent infection. Better understanding of candida pathogenicity mechanism can be the resultant of better treatment guidelines along with development of novel antifungal agents. Overall, in this review we present an update in the current understanding of the insight of pathogenicity mechanisms in this important human pathogen.

scholarly journals THE ROLE OF HYPERBARIC THERAPY IN THE GROWTH OF CANDIDA ALBICANS

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Prihartini Widiyanti
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Host Cell ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Time Range ◽  
Pressure Time ◽  
Gastrointestinal Candidiasis ◽  
Hyperbaric Therapy

Background: Candida albicans is opportunistic pathogen fungi which cause many disease in human such as reccurrent apthous stomatitis, skin lesions, vulvavaginitis, candiduria and gastrointestinal candidiasis. Aim: Infection mechanism of C. albicans is very complex including adhesion and invasion, morphology alteration from khamir form cell to filamen form (hifa), biofilm forming and the avoidance of host immunity. Method: The ability of C. albicans to adhere to the host cell which is act as important factor in the early colonization and infection. Result: The phenotype alteration to be filament form let the C. albicans to penetrate to the epithelium and play important role in infection and separation C. Albicans to the host cell. Hyperbaric oxygen is the inhalation of 100 percent oxygen inside hyperbaric chamber that is pressurized to greater than 1 atmosphere (atm). Conclusion: The organism was found to be inhibited within a pressure/time range well tolerated by human subjects, suggesting that hyperbaric oxygen might be used successfully in treating human candidiasis.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Protective Role for Candida albicans–reactive Immunoglobulin A against Oral Fungal Infection

2018 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. e4-e6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Endah A. T. Wulandari ◽  
Henny Saraswati ◽  
Robiatul Adawiyah ◽  
Samsuridjal Djauzi ◽  
Retno Wahyuningsih ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Fungal Infection ◽  
Immunoglobulin A ◽  
Protective Role

Effect of Lactobacillus casei and Yogurt Administration on Prevention of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection in Young Mice

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 1768-1774 ◽  
Author(s):  
SUSANA ALVAREZ ◽  
CLAUDIA HERRERO ◽  
ELENA BRU ◽  
GABRIELA PERDIGON
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Lung Infection ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Chronic Pneumonia ◽  
Dose Dependent Effect ◽  
Young Mice

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen that rarely causes pulmonary disease in normal hosts but one that is an important cause of acute pneumonia in immunocompromised patients, including neonates, and of chronic pneumonia in patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this work was to study the effect of oral administration of Lactobacillus casei and yogurt on prevention of P. aeruginosa lung infection in young mice (3 weeks old). This study demonstrates that oral administration of L. casei or yogurt to young mice enhanced lung clearance of P. aeruginosa and phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages through a dose-dependent effect. There were, however, no significant differences in white blood cell (WBC) differential counts. Furthermore, it was observed that previous administration of L. casei or yogurt induced a significant increase in IgA and IgM levels in bronchoalveolar lavages (BALs) after a P. aeruginosa infection, although there was no relationship with the serum values.

scholarly journals Investigating the Transcriptome of Candida albicans in a Dual-Species Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bryn Short ◽  
Christopher Delaney ◽  
Emily McKloud ◽  
Jason L. Brown ◽  
Ryan Kean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Driving Forces ◽  
Transcriptional Profiling ◽  
Specific Interaction ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Virulence Proteins ◽  
Biofilm Model ◽  
Upregulated Genes

Candida albicans is an opportunistic pathogen found throughout multiple body sites and is frequently co-isolated from infections of the respiratory tract and oral cavity with Staphylococcus aureus. Herein we present the first report of the effects that S. aureus elicits on the C. albicans transcriptome. Dual-species biofilms containing S. aureus and C. albicans mutants defective in ALS3 or ECE1 were optimised and characterised, followed by transcriptional profiling of C. albicans by RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq). Altered phenotypes in C. albicans mutants revealed specific interaction profiles between fungus and bacteria. The major adhesion and virulence proteins Als3 and Ece1, respectively, were found to have substantial effects on the Candida transcriptome in early and mature biofilms. Despite this, deletion of ECE1 did not adversely affect biofilm formation or the ability of S. aureus to interact with C. albicans hyphae. Upregulated genes in dual-species biofilms corresponded to multiple gene ontology terms, including those attributed to virulence, biofilm formation and protein binding such as ACE2 and multiple heat-shock protein genes. This shows that S. aureus pushes C. albicans towards a more virulent genotype, helping us to understand the driving forces behind the increased severity of C. albicans-S. aureus infections.

scholarly journals Bifidobacterium adolescentis shows potential to strengthen host defence against gastrointestinal infection via inhibition of the opportunistic pathogen Candida albicans and stimulation of human-isolated macrophages killing capacity in vitro

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (7A) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liviana Ricci ◽  
Joanna Mackie ◽  
Megan D. Lenardon ◽  
Caitlin Jukes ◽  
Ahmed N. Hegazy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Bifidobacterium Adolescentis ◽  
Host Immune Responses ◽  
Opportunistic Fungal Pathogen ◽  
Antimicrobial Metabolites

The human gut microbiota enhances the host’s resistance to enteric pathogens via colonisation resistance, a phenomenon that is driven by multiple mechanisms, such as production of antimicrobial metabolites and activation of host immune responses. However, there is limited information on how individual gut bacterial species, particularly many of the dominant anaerobes, might impact the host’s defence. This study investigated the potential of specific human gut isolates to bolster the host’s resistance to infection. First, by antagonising the opportunistic fungal pathogen Candida albicans, and secondly, by modulating the killing capacity of human-isolated macrophages in vitro. Co-culturing C. albicans with faecal microbiota from different healthy individuals revealed varying levels of fungal inhibition. In vitro assays with a panel of representative human gut anaerobes confirmed that culture supernatants from certain bacterial isolates, in particular of Bifidobacterium adolescentis, significantly inhibited C. albicans growth. Mechanistic studies revealed that microbial fermentation acids including acetate and lactate, in combination with the associated decrease in pH, were strong drivers of this inhibitory activity. In the second in vitro assay, human-isolated macrophages were exposed to bacterial supernatants, and subsequently tested for their capacity to eliminate adherent-invasive Escherichia coli. Among the gut anaerobes tested, B. adolescentis was revealed to exert the strongest immunostimulatory and killing effect when compared to the unstimulated macrophages control. B. adolescentis is known to be stimulated by dietary consumption of resistant starch andmay therefore represent an attractive target for the development of probiotic and prebiotic interventions tailored to enhancethe host’s natural defences against infection.

scholarly journals A Novel Function for Hog1 Stress-Activated Protein Kinase in Controlling White-Opaque Switching and Mating in Candida albicans

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 1557-1566 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shen-Huan Liang ◽  
Jen-Hua Cheng ◽  
Fu-Sheng Deng ◽  
Pei-An Tsai ◽  
Ching-Hsuan Lin
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Synthetic Medium ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogen ◽  
Phenotypic Switch ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Main Pathway ◽  
Phenotypic Transition ◽  
External Stimuli

ABSTRACTCandida albicansis a commensal in heathy people but has the potential to become an opportunistic pathogen and is responsible for half of all clinical infections in immunocompromised patients. Central to understandingC. albicansbehavior is the white-opaque phenotypic switch, in which cells can undergo an epigenetic transition between the white state and the opaque state. The phenotypic switch regulates multiple properties, including biofilm formation, virulence, mating, and fungus-host interactions. Switching between the white and opaque states is associated with many external stimuli, such as oxidative stress, pH, andN-acetylglucosamine, and is directly regulated by the Wor1 transcriptional circuit. The Hog1 stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) pathway is recognized as the main pathway for adapting to environmental stress inC. albicans. In this work, we first show that loss of theHOG1gene ina/aand α/α cells, but nota/α cells, results in 100% white-to-opaque switching when cells are grown on synthetic medium, indicating that switching is repressed by thea1/α2 heterodimer that repressesWOR1gene expression. Indeed, switching in thehog1Δ strain was dependent on the presence ofWOR1, as ahog1Δwor1Δ strain did not show switching to the opaque state. Deletion ofPBS2andSSK2also resulted inC. albicanscells switching from white to opaque with 100% efficiency, indicating that the entire Hog1 SAPK pathway is involved in regulating this unique phenotypic transition. Interestingly, all Hog1 pathway mutants also caused defects in shmoo formation and mating efficiencies. Overall, this work reveals a novel role for the Hog1 SAPK pathway in regulating white-opaque switching and sexual behavior inC. albicans.

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