scholarly journals Forced Expression of Foxg1 in the Cortical Hem Leads to the Transformation of Cajal-Retzius Cells into Dentate Granule Neurons

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bin Liu ◽  
Hongmei Xiao ◽  
Chunjie Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Granule Neurons ◽  
Retzius Cells ◽  
Cortical Hem

Disabled-1 acts downstream of Reelin in a signaling pathway that controls laminar organization in the mammalian brain

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (18) ◽  
pp. 3719-3729 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.S. Rice ◽  
M. Sheldon ◽  
G. D'Arcangelo ◽  
K. Nakajima ◽  
D. Goldowitz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Developmental Process ◽  
Cortical Plate ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Granule Neurons ◽  
Adapter Protein ◽  
Cell Position ◽  
Neuronal Precursors ◽  
Retzius Cells

Mutation of either reelin (Reln) or disabled-1 (Dab1) results in widespread abnormalities in laminar structures throughout the brain and ataxia in reeler and scrambler mice. Both exhibit the same neuroanatomical defects, including cerebellar hypoplasia with Purkinje cell ectopia and disruption of neuronal layers in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus. Despite these phenotypic similarities, Reln and Dab1 have distinct molecular properties. Reln is a large extracellular protein secreted by Cajal-Retzius cells in the forebrain and by granule neurons in the cerebellum. In contrast, Dab1 is a cytoplasmic protein which has properties of an adapter protein that functions in phosphorylation-dependent intracellular signal transduction. Here, we show that Dab1 participates in the same developmental process as Reln. In scrambler mice, neuronal precursors are unable to invade the preplate of the cerebral cortex and consequently, they do not align within the cortical plate. During development, cells expressing Dab1 are located next to those secreting Reln at critical stages of formation of the cerebral cortex, cerebellum and hippocampus, before the first abnormalities in cell position become apparent in either reeler or scrambler. In reeler, the major populations of displaced neurons contain elevated levels of Dab1 protein, although they express normal levels of Dab1 mRNA. This suggests that Dab1 accumulates in the absence of a Reln-evoked signal. Taken together, these results indicate that Dab1 functions downstream of Reln in a signaling pathway that controls cell positioning in the developing brain.

scholarly journals Early B-cell factors 2 and 3 (EBF2/3) regulate early migration of Cajal–Retzius cells from the cortical hem

2012 ◽  
Vol 365 (1) ◽  
pp. 277-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Chiara ◽  
Aurora Badaloni ◽  
Laura Croci ◽  
Mason L. Yeh ◽  
Anna Cariboni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cell ◽  
Early Migration ◽  
Retzius Cells ◽  
Cortical Hem

scholarly journals Inducible Genetic Lineage Tracing of Cortical Hem Derived Cajal-Retzius Cells Reveals Novel Properties

PLoS ONE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. e28653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaochun Gu ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Xiaojing Wu ◽  
Yan Yan ◽  
Ying Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lineage Tracing ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Genetic Lineage Tracing ◽  
Retzius Cells ◽  
Cortical Hem

Comparative aspects of p73 and Reelin expression in Cajal-Retzius cells and the cortical hem in lizard, mouse and human

2007 ◽  
Vol 1132 ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Cabrera-Socorro ◽  
Nieves Carolina Hernandez-Acosta ◽  
Miriam Gonzalez-Gomez ◽  
Gundela Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Retzius Cells ◽  
Cortical Hem

Involvement of mechanical cues in the migration of Cajal-Retzius cells in the marginal zone during neocortical development

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lopez-Mengual ◽  
Miriam Segura-Feliu ◽  
Raimon Sunyer ◽  
Hector Sanz-Fraile ◽  
Jorge Otero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Marginal Zone ◽  
Differential Distribution ◽  
Axon Elongation ◽  
Neocortical Development ◽  
Pioneer Neurons ◽  
Migratory Routes ◽  
Mechanical Factors ◽  
Retzius Cells ◽  
Cortical Hem

Emerging evidence points to coordinated action of chemical and mechanical cues during brain development. At early stages of neocortical development, angiogenic factors and chemokines such as CXCL12, ephrins, and semaphorins assume crucial roles in orchestrating neuronal migration and axon elongation of postmitotic neurons. Here we explore the intrinsic mechanical properties of the developing marginal zone of the pallium in the migratory pathways and brain distribution of the pioneer Cajal-Retzius cells. These pioneer neurons are generated in several proliferative regions in the developing brain (e.g., the cortical hem and the pallial subpallial boundary) and migrate tangentially in the preplate/marginal zone covering the upper portion of the neocortex. These cells play crucial roles in correct neocortical layer formation by secreting several molecules such as Reelin. Our results indicate that the motogenic properties of Cajal-Retzius cells and their perinatal distribution in the marginal zone are also modulated by both chemical and mechanical factors, by the specific mechanical properties of Cajal-Retzius cells, and by the differential stiffness of the migratory routes. Indeed, cells originating in the cortical hem display higher migratory capacities than those generated in the pallial subpallial boundary which may be involved in the differential distribution of these cells in the dorsal-lateral axis in the developing marginal zone.

Analysis of the Expression Pattern of Cajal-Retzius Cell Markers in the Xenopus laevis Forebrain

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Sara Jiménez ◽  
Nerea Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Cerebral Cortex ◽  
Xenopus Laevis ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Nuclear Organization ◽  
Cell Markers ◽  
Basic Organization ◽  
In Situhybridization ◽  
Retzius Cell ◽  
Retzius Cells ◽  
Cortical Hem

Cajal-Retzius cells are essential for cortical development in mammals, and their involvement in the evolution of this structure has been widely postulated, but very little is known about their progenitor domains in non-mammalian vertebrates. Using in situhybridization and immunofluorescence techniques we analyzed the expression of some of the main Cajal-Retzius cell markers such as Dbx1, Ebf3, ER81, Lhx1, Lhx5, p73, Reelin, Wnt3a, Zic1, and Zic2 in the forebrain of the anuran Xenopus laevis, because amphibians are the only class of anamniote tetrapods and show a tetrapartite evaginated pallium, but no layered or nuclear organization. Our results suggested that the Cajal-Retzius cell progenitor domains were comparable to those previously described in amniotes. Thus, at dorsomedial telencephalic portions a region comparable to the cortical hem was defined in Xenopus based on the expression of Wnt3a, p73, Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2. In the septum, two different domains were observed: a periventricular dorsal septum, at the limit between the pallium and the subpallium, expressing Reelin, Zic1, and Zic2, and a related septal domain, expressing Ebf3, Zic1, and Zic2. In the lateral telencephalon, the ventral pallium next to the pallio-subpallial boundary, the lack of Dbx1 and the unique expression of Reelin during development defined this territory as the most divergent with respect to mammals. Finally, we also analyzed the expression of these markers at the prethalamic eminence region, suggested as Cajal-Retzius progenitor domain in amniotes, observing there Zic1, Zic2, ER81, and Lhx1 expression. Our data show that in anurans there are different subtypes and progenitor domains of Cajal-Retzius cells, which probably contribute to the cortical regional specification and territory-specific properties. This supports the notion that the basic organization of pallial derivatives in vertebrates follows a comparable fundamental arrangement, even in those that do not have a sophisticated stratified cortical structure like the mammalian cerebral cortex.

scholarly journals Dmrt genes participate in the development of Cajal‐Retzius cells derived from the cortical hem in the telencephalon

2020 ◽  
Vol 249 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-710
Author(s):  
Takako Kikkawa ◽  
Nobuyuki Sakayori ◽  
Hayato Yuuki ◽  
Yu Katsuyama ◽  
Fumio Matsuzaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Retzius Cells ◽  
Cortical Hem
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