scholarly journals How the Mix Factors Affect the Dynamic Modulus of Hot-Mix Asphalt

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Md Rashadul Islam ◽  
Sylvester A. Kalevela ◽  
Guy Mendel
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Nominal Size ◽  
S 100

Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is a composite material consisting of stone-aggregates, sand, asphalt binder and additives. The properties of this combined material are dependent on the volumetric parameters used in the mix design. This study investigates the effects of volumetric mix factors on the dynamic moduli (E*) of eleven categories of HMAs. For each category of asphalt mixture, the variations in dynamic modulus for different contractors, binder types, effective binder content (Vbe), air void (Va), voids-in-mineral aggregates (VMA), voids-filled-with asphalt (VFA) and asphalt content (AC) are assessed statistically. Results show that the S(100) mixture (nominal size of 19 mm, 100 gyrations) with the Performance Grade (PG) binder of PG 64-22 has the highest value of E* at low temperature or high reduced frequency. At high temperature or lower reduced frequency, S(100) PG 76-28 has the highest E* value. The SX(75) mixture (nominal size of 12.5 mm, 75 gyrations) with the binder of PG 64-28 has the lowest E* value at high temperature or lower reduced frequency. At low temperature or high reduced frequency, SX(75) PG 58-34 has the lowest E* value. The Stone Mix Asphalt (SMA) mix has a lower E* compared to S(100) and SX(100) mixes ((nominal size of 12.5 mm, 100 gyrations) with the Performance Grade (PG) binder of) at low temperature. The E* increases with an increase in Vbe, Va, and VFA, and decreases with an increase in VMA and AC. The E* of a mix can vary from 200 ksi (1380 MPa) to about 1000 ksi (6900 MPa) for a particular frequency (10 Hz) and temperature (21.1 °C), even if samples are from the same contractor.

scholarly journals Cold In-Place Recycling Asphalt Mixtures: Laboratory Performance and Preliminary M-E Design Analysis

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 2036
Author(s):  
Dongzhao Jin ◽  
Dongdong Ge ◽  
Siyu Chen ◽  
Tiankai Che ◽  
Hongfu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Pavement ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Asphalt Emulsion ◽  
Moisture Susceptibility ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking

Cold in-place recycling (CIR) asphalt mixtures are an attractive eco-friendly method for rehabilitating asphalt pavement. However, the on-site CIR asphalt mixture generally has a high air void because of the moisture content during construction, and the moisture susceptibility is vital for estimating the road service life. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to characterize the effect of moisture on the high-temperature and low-temperature performance of a CIR asphalt mixture to predict CIR pavement distress based on a mechanistic–empirical (M-E) pavement design. Moisture conditioning was simulated by the moisture-induced stress tester (MIST). The moisture susceptibility performance of the CIR asphalt mixture (pre-mist and post-mist) was estimated by a dynamic modulus test and a disk-shaped compact tension (DCT) test. In addition, the standard solvent extraction test was used to obtain the reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and CIR asphalt. Asphalt binder performance, including higher temperature and medium temperature performance, was evaluated by dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) equipment and low-temperature properties were estimated by the asphalt binder cracking device (ABCD). Then the predicted pavement distresses were estimated based on the pavement M-E design method. The experimental results revealed that (1) DCT and dynamic modulus tests are sensitive to moisture conditioning. The dynamic modulus decreased by 13% to 43% at various temperatures and frequencies, and the low-temperature cracking energy decreased by 20%. (2) RAP asphalt incorporated with asphalt emulsion decreased the high-temperature rutting resistance but improved the low-temperature anti-cracking and the fatigue life. The M-E design results showed that the RAP incorporated with asphalt emulsion reduced the international roughness index (IRI) and AC bottom-up fatigue predictions, while increasing the total rutting and AC rutting predictions. The moisture damage in the CIR pavement layer also did not significantly affect the predicted distress with low traffic volume. In summary, the implementation of CIR technology in the project improved low-temperature cracking and fatigue performance in the asphalt pavement. Meanwhile, the moisture damage of the CIR asphalt mixture accelerated high-temperature rutting and low-temperature cracking, but it may be acceptable when used for low-volume roads.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Plastomer Modified Asphalt Mixture on High/Low Temperature Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-691
Author(s):  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Imran Hafeez ◽  
Waqas Haroon ◽  
Safeer Haider
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Low Temperature Performance

Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surrounding environment. Fatigue and rutting are the major distresses which cause failures in flexible pavements. Different temperature control computer operated equipment’s are being used worldwide to predict the performance of asphalt mixtures at approximately same condition to those in-service pavements. Similarly, different types of polymers such as elastomer and thermoplastic have been used all over the world in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the improvement of asphalt mixtures. But little attention has been taken to evaluate the effect of plastomer on hot mix asphalt performance. Moreover, the initial cost of elastomer is higher than other types of polymers such as plastomer. The aim of this research study is to check the effect of various plastomers on high/low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Four performance tests like Cooper wheel tracker, dynamic modulus, uniaxial repeated load and four-point bending beam test are used to evaluate the effect of different type of plastomers such as polyethylene terephthalate, high density and low density polyethylene with limestone aggregate quarry and 60/70 pen grade asphalt binder. This research study concludes that plastomer increases flexibility and hardness of asphalt mixtures and improves the rut resistance, dynamic modulus and fatigue life of asphalt mixtures. Plastomer modification shows significant benefits as compared to neat binder for high/low temperature performance. Moreover, it can be concluded that plastomer provides an efficient and economical blend of asphalt mixture.

Application on Fiber-Enhanced Asphalt Mixture in Surface Layer of Large Longitudinal Slope Pavement of Xi-Sang Highway

2014 ◽  
Vol 599 ◽  
pp. 282-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun Gang Zhang ◽  
Yan Jun Xie ◽  
Lin Chun Meng ◽  
Qin Yong Li
Keyword(s):  
Surface Layer ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Longitudinal Slope ◽  
Sbs Modified Asphalt ◽  
Test Result ◽  
Temperature Dynamic

This paper investigated into the application of fiber-enhanced asphalt mixture in surface layer of the large longitudinal slope pavement of Xi-Sang Highway. Asphalt mixture with and without polyester fiber were used. Focus is on resistance of deformation at high temperature and flexibility at low temperature. Fiber-enhanced asphalt mixture with dynamic stability above 7000 passes/mm indicated excellent rutting resistance. The high temperature dynamic modulus of fiber-enhanced asphalt mixture was much higher than conventional SBS modified asphalt mixture. Three-point blending test result indicated that the maximum flexural strain of fiber-enhance asphalt mixture reached 4180μm/m. It was concluded that fiber-enhanced asphalt mixture was suit to be used in surface layer of the large longitudinal slope pavement of Xi-Sang Highway.

Experimental Research on the Performances of Warm Mix Recycled Asphalt Mixture in Road Application

2011 ◽  
Vol 243-249 ◽  
pp. 4207-4212
Author(s):  
Ji Shu Sun ◽  
Chun Feng Yang ◽  
Zhao Xia Chen ◽  
Hui Ran Pi
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Pavement Structures

The effect of sasobit’s quantity exerted on the asphalt viscosity was researched firstly in this paper, and the mixing temperature of warm mix recycled Asphalt mixture was determined. Then, the technical performances of warm mix recycled asphalt mixture on high temperature, low temperature and water stability were studied through systematic experiments. And compared the technical indexes with that of hot mix asphalt. The results showed that sasobit could reduce asphalt viscosity significantly, so it could lower the mixing and compaction temperatures of the recycled asphalt mixture. The technical indexes of warm mix recycled asphalt mixture conform to the current specifications, so it can be used in many pavement structures.

scholarly journals Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures with Different Design Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3038
Author(s):  
Yining Zhang ◽  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Huailei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Aggregate Gradation

Aggregate gradation and asphalt type are traditional variables that affects mix design of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA). Recently, the number of design gyrations (Ndes) has been increasingly accepted as another variable parameter during the design process. Due to the growing shortage of high-quality raw materials, it is necessary to make full use of the combined roles between these design parameters, instead of solely relying on their individual effect, to improve the HMA properties. Therefore, this study comprehensively explored the effect of aggregate gradation, Ndes, and asphalt type on the performance of HMAs. Seven different combinations of aggregate gradation, Ndes, and asphalt type were evaluated. The volumetric indicators, uniaxial penetration shear test (UPST), unconfined compression test (UCT), low-temperature bending test (LBT), four-point bending test (FPBT), and dynamic modulus test (DMT) were used to assess the performance of HMAs designed by various parameter combinations. It was found that the contribution of adopting harder asphalt binder was able to make up for the high-temperature resistance loss caused by lower Ndes or coarser gradation. The dynamic modulus exhibited the similar phenomenon. By contrast, the harder asphalt binder led to the worse tenacity of HMAs at low temperature; however, the tenacity can be restored through using lower Ndes or coarser gradation by increasing asphalt content. In addition, the fatigue life of HMAs went up significantly by about 36 ~ 41%, when both Ndes and asphalt penetration grade decreased to one lower level.

scholarly journals Evaluation of High-Temperature and Low-Temperature Performances of Lignin–Waste Engine Oil Modified Asphalt Binder and Its Mixture

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Xue Xue ◽  
Junfeng Gao ◽  
Jiaqing Wang ◽  
Yujing Chen
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Engine Oil ◽  
Bending Beam Rheometer ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Waste Engine Oil ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder ◽  
Maximum Tensile Strain

This research aims to explore the high-temperature and low-temperature performances of lignin–waste engine oil-modified asphalt binder and its mixture. For this research, the lignin with two contents (4%, 6%) and waste engine oil with two contents (3%, 5%) were adopted to modify the control asphalt binder (PG 58-28). The high-temperature rheological properties of the lignin–waste engine oil-modified asphalt binder were investigated by the viscosity obtained by the Brookfield viscometer and the temperature sweep test by the dynamic shear rheometer. The low-temperature rheological property of the lignin–waste engine oil-modified asphalt binder was evaluated by the stiffness and m-value at two different temperatures (−18 °C, −12 °C) obtained by the bending beam rheometer. The high-temperature and the low-temperature performances of the lignin–waste engine oil-modified asphalt mixture were explored by the rutting test and low-temperature bending beam test. The results displayed that the rotational viscosity and rutting factor improved with the addition of lignin and decreased with the incorporation of waste engine oil. Adding the lignin into the control asphalt binder enhanced the elastic component while adding the waste engine oil lowered the elastic component of the asphalt binder. The stiffness of asphalt binder LO60 could not meet the requirement in the specification, but the waste engine oil made it reach the requirement based on the bending beam rheometer test. The waste engine oil could enhance the low-temperature performance. The dynamic stabilities of LO40- and LO60-modified asphalt mixture increased by about 9.05% and 17.41%, compared to the control mixture, respectively. The maximum tensile strain of LO45 and LO65 increased by 16.39% and 25.28% compared to that of LO40 and LO60, respectively. The high- and low-temperature performances of the lignin–waste engine oil-modified asphalt LO65 was higher than that of the control asphalt. The dynamic stability had a good linear relationship with viscosity, the rutting factor of the unaged at 58 °C, and the rutting factor of the aged at 58 °C, while the maximum tensile strain had a good linear relationship with m-value at −18 °C. This research provides a theoretical basis for the further applications of lignin–waste engine oil-modified asphalt.

scholarly journals Fatigue Resistance and Cracking Mechanism of Semi-Flexible Pavement Mixture

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 5277
Author(s):  
Shiqi Wang ◽  
Huanyun Zhou ◽  
Xianhua Chen ◽  
Minghui Gong ◽  
Jinxiang Hong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Fatigue Resistance ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Fatigue Cracking ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Grouting Material ◽  
Cracking Mechanism

Semi-flexible pavement (SFP) is widely used in recent years because of its good rutting resistance, but it is easy to crack under traffic loads. A large number of studies are aimed at improving its crack resistance. However, the understanding of its fatigue resistance and fatigue-cracking mechanism is limited. Therefore, the semi-circular bending (SCB) fatigue test is used to evaluate the fatigue resistance of the SFP mixture. SCB fatigue tests under different temperature values and stress ratio were used to characterize the fatigue life of the SFP mixture, and its laboratory fatigue prediction model was established. The distribution of various phases of the SFP mixture in the fracture surface was analyzed by digital image processing technology, and its fatigue cracking mechanism was analyzed. The results show that the SFP mixture has better fatigue resistance under low temperature and low stress ratio, while its fatigue resistance under other environmental and load conditions is worse than that of asphalt mixture. The main reason for the poor fatigue resistance of the SFP mixture is the poor deformation capacity and low strength of grouting materials. Furthermore, the performance difference between grouting material and the asphalt binder is large, which leads to the difference of fatigue cracking mechanism of the SFP mixture under different conditions. Under the fatigue load, the weak position of the SFP mixture at a low temperature is asphalt binder and its interface with other materials, while at medium and high temperatures, the weak position of the SFP mixture is inside the grouting material. The research provides a basis for the calculation of the service life of the SFP structure, provides a reference for the improvement direction of the SFP mixture composition and internal structure.

Applied Research of the Modifying Agent of Rubber Plastic Composite (MaR) in Asphalt Mixture

2013 ◽  
Vol 477-478 ◽  
pp. 1175-1178
Author(s):  
Ling Zou ◽  
Jing Wei Ne ◽  
Weng Gang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Water Stability ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Modifying Agent ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Splitting Test ◽  
Low Temperature Performance

70# and 90# matrix asphalt mixture with MaR were studied through dynamic modulus test, rutting test, freeze-thaw splitting test, bending test to study the applicability of the Modifying agent of rubber plastic compound (MaR) in matrix asphalt mixture.Test results were Compared with SBSI-C modified asphalt mixture.The results indicate that: high-temperature stability of MaR+70# asphalt mixture is as well as SBSI-C modified asphalt mixture,and is bettere than MaR+90# asphalt mixture; water stability of MaR+90# asphalt mixture is bettere than SBSI-C modified asphalt mixture and MaR+70# asphalt mixture; low temperature performance of MaR+90# asphalt mixture is bettere than MaR+70# asphalt mixture, but is worse than modified asphalt mixture SBSI-C ; MaR+70# asphalt mixture can be first used in area of resisting high temperature and rutting, MaR+90# asphalt mixture can be used if the water stability performance and low temperature performance are considered.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of asphalt binder modification on the low-temperature cracking resistance of hot mix asphalt

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e00238 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Teltayev ◽  
C.O. Rossi ◽  
G.G. Izmailova ◽  
E.D. Amirbayev ◽  
A.O. Elshibayev
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking
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