scholarly journals Laboratory Performance Evaluation of Hot-Mix Asphalt Mixtures with Different Design Parameters

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 3038
Author(s):  
Yining Zhang ◽  
Lijun Sun ◽  
Huailei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Variable Parameter ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
Unconfined Compression Test ◽  
Aggregate Gradation

Aggregate gradation and asphalt type are traditional variables that affects mix design of Hot-Mix Asphalt (HMA). Recently, the number of design gyrations (Ndes) has been increasingly accepted as another variable parameter during the design process. Due to the growing shortage of high-quality raw materials, it is necessary to make full use of the combined roles between these design parameters, instead of solely relying on their individual effect, to improve the HMA properties. Therefore, this study comprehensively explored the effect of aggregate gradation, Ndes, and asphalt type on the performance of HMAs. Seven different combinations of aggregate gradation, Ndes, and asphalt type were evaluated. The volumetric indicators, uniaxial penetration shear test (UPST), unconfined compression test (UCT), low-temperature bending test (LBT), four-point bending test (FPBT), and dynamic modulus test (DMT) were used to assess the performance of HMAs designed by various parameter combinations. It was found that the contribution of adopting harder asphalt binder was able to make up for the high-temperature resistance loss caused by lower Ndes or coarser gradation. The dynamic modulus exhibited the similar phenomenon. By contrast, the harder asphalt binder led to the worse tenacity of HMAs at low temperature; however, the tenacity can be restored through using lower Ndes or coarser gradation by increasing asphalt content. In addition, the fatigue life of HMAs went up significantly by about 36 ~ 41%, when both Ndes and asphalt penetration grade decreased to one lower level.

scholarly journals How the Mix Factors Affect the Dynamic Modulus of Hot-Mix Asphalt

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Md Rashadul Islam ◽  
Sylvester A. Kalevela ◽  
Guy Mendel
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Performance Grade ◽  
Reduced Frequency ◽  
Nominal Size ◽  
S 100

Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is a composite material consisting of stone-aggregates, sand, asphalt binder and additives. The properties of this combined material are dependent on the volumetric parameters used in the mix design. This study investigates the effects of volumetric mix factors on the dynamic moduli (E*) of eleven categories of HMAs. For each category of asphalt mixture, the variations in dynamic modulus for different contractors, binder types, effective binder content (Vbe), air void (Va), voids-in-mineral aggregates (VMA), voids-filled-with asphalt (VFA) and asphalt content (AC) are assessed statistically. Results show that the S(100) mixture (nominal size of 19 mm, 100 gyrations) with the Performance Grade (PG) binder of PG 64-22 has the highest value of E* at low temperature or high reduced frequency. At high temperature or lower reduced frequency, S(100) PG 76-28 has the highest E* value. The SX(75) mixture (nominal size of 12.5 mm, 75 gyrations) with the binder of PG 64-28 has the lowest E* value at high temperature or lower reduced frequency. At low temperature or high reduced frequency, SX(75) PG 58-34 has the lowest E* value. The Stone Mix Asphalt (SMA) mix has a lower E* compared to S(100) and SX(100) mixes ((nominal size of 12.5 mm, 100 gyrations) with the Performance Grade (PG) binder of) at low temperature. The E* increases with an increase in Vbe, Va, and VFA, and decreases with an increase in VMA and AC. The E* of a mix can vary from 200 ksi (1380 MPa) to about 1000 ksi (6900 MPa) for a particular frequency (10 Hz) and temperature (21.1 °C), even if samples are from the same contractor.

scholarly journals Principal Component Neural Networks for Modeling, Prediction, and Optimization of Hot Mix Asphalt Dynamics Modulus

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Parnian Ghasemi ◽  
Mohamad Aslani ◽  
Derrick K. Rollins ◽  
R. Christopher Williams
Keyword(s):  
Neural Networks ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Design Parameters

The dynamic modulus of hot mix asphalt (HMA) is a fundamental material property that defines the stress-strain relationship based on viscoelastic principles and is a function of HMA properties, loading rate, and temperature. Because of the large number of efficacious predictors (factors) and their nonlinear interrelationships, developing predictive models for dynamic modulus can be a challenging task. In this research, results obtained from a series of laboratory tests including mixture dynamic modulus, aggregate gradation, dynamic shear rheometer (on asphalt binder), and mixture volumetric are used to create a database. The created database is used to develop a model for estimating the dynamic modulus. First, the highly correlated predictor variables are detected, then Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is used to first reduce the problem dimensionality, then to produce a set of orthogonal pseudo-inputs from which two separate predictive models were developed using linear regression analysis and Artificial Neural Networks (ANN). These models are compared to existing predictive models using both statistical analysis and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Analysis. Empirically-based predictive models can behave differently outside of the convex hull of their input variables space, and it is very risky to use them outside of their input space, so this is not common practice of design engineers. To prevent extrapolation, an input hyper-space is added as a constraint to the model. To demonstrate an application of the proposed framework, it was used to solve design-based optimization problems, in two of which optimal and inverse design are presented and solved using a mean-variance mapping optimization algorithm. The design parameters satisfy the current design specifications of asphalt pavement and can be used as a first step in solving real-life design problems.

scholarly journals Evaluating the Effect of Plastomer Modified Asphalt Mixture on High/Low Temperature Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 680-691
Author(s):  
Rafi Ullah ◽  
Imran Hafeez ◽  
Waqas Haroon ◽  
Safeer Haider
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Asphalt Mixtures ◽  
Limestone Aggregate ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Low Temperature Performance

Asphalt pavement’s surfaces deteriorate over time due to combined effect of traffic and surrounding environment. Fatigue and rutting are the major distresses which cause failures in flexible pavements. Different temperature control computer operated equipment’s are being used worldwide to predict the performance of asphalt mixtures at approximately same condition to those in-service pavements. Similarly, different types of polymers such as elastomer and thermoplastic have been used all over the world in Hot Mix Asphalt (HMA) for the improvement of asphalt mixtures. But little attention has been taken to evaluate the effect of plastomer on hot mix asphalt performance. Moreover, the initial cost of elastomer is higher than other types of polymers such as plastomer. The aim of this research study is to check the effect of various plastomers on high/low temperature performance of asphalt mixture. Four performance tests like Cooper wheel tracker, dynamic modulus, uniaxial repeated load and four-point bending beam test are used to evaluate the effect of different type of plastomers such as polyethylene terephthalate, high density and low density polyethylene with limestone aggregate quarry and 60/70 pen grade asphalt binder. This research study concludes that plastomer increases flexibility and hardness of asphalt mixtures and improves the rut resistance, dynamic modulus and fatigue life of asphalt mixtures. Plastomer modification shows significant benefits as compared to neat binder for high/low temperature performance. Moreover, it can be concluded that plastomer provides an efficient and economical blend of asphalt mixture.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effect of asphalt binder modification on the low-temperature cracking resistance of hot mix asphalt

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. e00238 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.B. Teltayev ◽  
C.O. Rossi ◽  
G.G. Izmailova ◽  
E.D. Amirbayev ◽  
A.O. Elshibayev
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Cracking Resistance ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking

scholarly journals Strength and Micro-Mechanism Analysis of Cement-Emulsified Asphalt Cold Recycled Mixture

Materials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuhui Pi ◽  
Yan Li ◽  
Yingxing Pi ◽  
Zhe Huang ◽  
Zhe Li
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Microscopic Analysis ◽  
Hydration Product ◽  
Mechanism Analysis ◽  
Recycled Asphalt ◽  
Aggregate Gradation ◽  
Asphalt Cement ◽  
Emulsified Asphalt ◽  
Cementing Material

The strength of EACRM (emulsified asphalt cold recycled mixture) is closely related to the properties and proportion of raw materials. In this paper, the strength formation mechanism of EACRM was first studied through microscopic analysis, and the influence regular of aggregate gradation, emulsified asphalt, water consumption, cement consumption, and other factors on its strength was analyzed through a series of laboratory tests. The analysis results show that the asphalt binder plays the role of cementing material in cement emulsified asphalt mortar. The combination of cement and emulsified asphalt is a physical combination. The hydration product not only increases the viscosity of asphalt cement, but also makes the surface of asphalt cement become uneven, which increases the adhesion area with the aggregate. Therefore, the microstructure of the interface between mortar and aggregate is improved. The bonding force of the interface and the mechanical properties of concrete are improved. Due to the influence of recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) materials, the excessive amount of emulsified asphalt and cement are not conducive to improve the strength of cold recycled mixture. Through experiments, the optimal amount of emulsified asphalt and cement is determined as 2.9% and 1.5%, respectively, for the RAP materials. At the same time, improving the performance of emulsified asphalt and adding quicklime and organic activator are also helpful to improve the strength of a cold recycled mixture.

The Analyze Study of Compacting Temperature and Road Performance of Warm Mix Asphalt Mixture (LEADCAP)

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1681-1688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Sheng Zhao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xiao Yan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Temperature Stability ◽  
Organic Additive ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
High Temperature Stability ◽  
The Road ◽  
Indirect Tension ◽  
Road Performance

This paper used one kind of organic additive LEADCAP to reduce the compacting temperature of SBS WMA mixture, and compared the WMA mixture compacted by superpave gyratory compactor (SGC) with HMA mixture to determine the compacting temperature of WMA mixture. Rutting test, low temperature bending test, freeze-thaw indirect tension test, Hamburg Wheel-Track test and dynamic modulus were carried out to evaluate the road performance of WMA mixed with LEASCAP. The test result showed that the WMA mixed with LEADCAP had well performed high temperature stability, low temperature stability, water stability, rutting cracking resistance, and high dynamic modulus, the compacting temperature were 127 °C, and affectively reduced the compacting temperature of SBS WMA mixture.

Highly Modified Asphalt Binder for Asphalt Crack Relief Mix

2017 ◽  
Vol 2630 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus S. Gaspar ◽  
Kamilla L. Vasconcelos ◽  
Amanda H. M. da Silva ◽  
Liedi L. B. Bernucci
Keyword(s):  
Hot Mix Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Asphalt Mixture ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Asphalt Binders ◽  
Reflective Cracking ◽  
Modified Asphalt ◽  
Asphalt Overlay ◽  
Modified Asphalt Binder ◽  
Styrene Butadiene

Reflective cracking is a common issue with respect to rehabilitated asphalt pavements, especially when the rehabilitation is done by applying a hot-mix asphalt overlay on the existing damaged pavement. Several approaches can be adopted to delay reflective cracking. They include an increase of the overlay thickness and the use of a stress relief asphalt mixture (SRAM), which is a fine-graded, flexible, and thin asphalt interlayer. Because the efficiency of a SRAM is highly related to the properties of the asphalt binder used in the mixture, it is of interest to use a highly modified asphalt (HiMA) binder. This paper describes a field test comprising three sections at BR-116 (a heavily trafficked highway in Brazil). One of the rehabilitation strategies used for a cracked asphalt pavement was a 2.5-cm SRAM (produced with a HiMA binder) and 5-cm styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) hot-mix asphalt (HMA). The other two strategies were to apply SBS HMA overlays of different thicknesses (7.5 cm and 10.5 cm). The aim was to evaluate and compare the capability of these solutions to control reflective cracking. Rheological properties and multiple stress creep and recovery tests were performed on the asphalt binders, and the semicircular bending test was performed on the asphalt mixtures. The surface conditions were monitored, and the results for each section were compared. After a 29-month period, the section that received the interlayer had the lowest cracked area and showed better resistance than the overlays did to reflective cracking and better maintenance of the original thickness of the pavement.

Evaluation of Polymer-Modified Warm-Mix Asphalt Used for Gobi Road

2013 ◽  
Vol 723 ◽  
pp. 320-327
Author(s):  
Yong Joo Kim ◽  
Sung Lin Yang ◽  
Yeong Min Kim ◽  
Sung Do Hwang ◽  
Soo Ahn Kwon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Heavy Traffic ◽  
Asphalt Binder ◽  
Weather Condition ◽  
Warm Mix Asphalt ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Test Results ◽  
The Road ◽  
Polymer Modifier ◽  
On The Road

South Gobi road of 240-km flexible pavement was constructed from UKHAA KHUDAG to GASHUUN SUKHAIT in South Gobi, Mongolia in 2011. However, due to the heavy traffic and severe weather condition, early distresses have occurred from a length of 100-km flexible pavements in South Gobi road after one year service life. In order to enhance crack and rutting resistances and to improve paving quality control in South Gobi road, polymer modifier is selected to reduce rutting at high temperature and cracking at low temperature and warm-mix asphalt (WMA) additive is selected to reduce the mixing and compacting temperatures and provide better compaction on the road and the ability to haul paving mix for longer distances. This paper adopted comprehensive asphalt tests to evaluate physical and rheological characteristics, and crack potential at low temperature for use in a South Gobi road. Laboratory tests were performed on asphalt binder with a polymer modifier and warm-mix asphalt additive by conducting the following tests: softening test, ductility test, SuperpaveTMtest and cold bending test. These test results of asphalt binder with SBS polymer modifier and warm-mix asphalt additive were significantly more positive than those of typical asphalt binder. On the basis of test results, it can be concluded that the asphalt binder with SBS polymer modifier and WMA additive is stronger and less susceptible to rutting and crack than typical asphalt binder used in South Gobi.

The Application of High Modulus Mixture of EME2 on Qin Lin Expressway Test Road

2013 ◽  
Vol 361-363 ◽  
pp. 1800-1804
Author(s):  
Xiao Yan Wang ◽  
Hai Sheng Zhao ◽  
Lin Wang
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
High Modulus ◽  
Test Road ◽  
Low Temperature Cracking ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Test ◽  
High Dynamic ◽  
Test Result

This paper used the design method of EME high modulus HMA from France to carry out the mix design of EME2(0/14) HMA, and carried out Duriez test, HWTD, dynamic modulus test and low temperature bending test. The test result showed that this kind of HMA had excellent water resistance, high temperature rutting resistance, high dynamic modulus and low temperature cracking resistance. This EME high modulus HMA was applied in the test road on Qing Lin expressway.

The Property Research on Interfacial Modificated Semi-Flexible Pavement Material

2011 ◽  
Vol 71-78 ◽  
pp. 1090-1098
Author(s):  
Yan Yang ◽  
Shao Long Huang ◽  
Qing Jun Ding ◽  
Xin Yan Peng
Keyword(s):  
Shear Strength ◽  
Fatigue Life ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Dynamic Modulus ◽  
Stress Ratio ◽  
Flexible Pavement ◽  
Bending Test ◽  
Interfacial Modification ◽  
Dynamic Modulus Test ◽  
Interfacial Modifier

Based on shearing test, bending test in low temperature, fatigue test and dynamic modulus test, the text researched the effect on the property of the semi-flexible pavement by a kind of interfacial modifier. The study showed the feasible content of interfacial modifier was 0.4～0.6% . Used 0.4%, the shear strength reached 1.83MPa, flexural strength 6.97MPa, and fatigue-life was over 40000 at 0.2 stress ratio. From interfacial modification, the synthesis property of semi-flexible pavement was especially perfect.

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