scholarly journals Pancreatic Diseases and Microbiota: A Literature Review and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Marcantonio Gesualdo ◽  
Felice Rizzi ◽  
Silvia Bonetto ◽  
Stefano Rizza ◽  
Federico Cravero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Rheumatologic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The One

Gut microbiota represent an interesting worldwide research area. Several studies confirm that microbiota has a key role in human diseases, both intestinal (such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, intestinal infectious diseases, irritable bowel syndrome) and extra intestinal disorders (such as autism, multiple sclerosis, rheumatologic diseases). Nowadays, it is possible to manipulate microbiota by administering prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, through fecal microbiota transplantation in selected cases. In this scenario, pancreatic disorders might be influenced by gut microbiota and this relationship could be an innovative and inspiring field of research. However, data are still scarce and controversial. Microbiota manipulation could represent an important therapeutic strategy in the pancreatic diseases, in addition to standard therapies. In this review, we analyze current knowledge about correlation between gut microbiota and pancreatic diseases, by discussing on the one hand existing data and on the other hand future possible perspectives.

scholarly journals HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Anca Magdalena Munteanu ◽  
◽  
Raluca Cursaru ◽  
Loreta Guja ◽  
Simona Carniciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

The medical research of the last 1-2 decades allows us to look at the human gut microbiota and microbiome as to a structure that can promote health and sometimes initiate disease. It works like an endocrine organ: releasing specific metabolites, using environmental inputs, e.g. diet, or acting through its structural compounds, that signal human host receptors, to finally contributing to the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. The same commensal microbes were found as shapers of the human host response to drugs (cardiovascular, oncology etc.). New technologies played an important role in these achievements, facilitating analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of this microbial community. Once the inputs, the pathways and a lot of human host receptors were highlighted, the scientists were encouraged to go further into research, in order to develop new pathogenic therapies, targeting the human gut flora. Dual therapies, evolving these “friend microbes”, are another actual research subjects. This review gives an update on the current knowledge in the area of microbiota disbalances under environmental factors, the contribution of gut microbiota and microbiome to the pathogenesis of obesity, obesity associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, as well as new perspectives in preventing and treating these diseases, with high prevalence in contemporary, economically developed societies. It brings the latest and most relevant evidences relating to: probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols and fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary nutrient manipulation, microbial as well as human host enzyme manipulation, shaping human responses to currently used drugs, manipulating the gut microbiome by horizontal gene transfer.

Principles of DNA-Based Gut Microbiota Assessment and Therapeutic Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Gastrointestinal Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cammarota ◽  
Silvia Pecere ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Luca Masucci ◽  
Diego Currò
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Cure Rates

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a process by which the normal gastrointestinal microbiota is restored, has demonstrated extraordinary cure rates for Clostridium difficile infection and low recurrence. The community of microorganisms within the human gut (or microbiota) is critical to health status and functions; therefore, together with the rise of FMT, the gastrointestinal microbiota has emerged as a ‘virtual' organ with a level of complexity comparable to that of any other organ system and capable to compete with powerful known antibiotics for the treatment of several disorders. Although treatment protocols, donor selection, stool preparation and delivery methods varied widely, with a few reports following an identical protocol, FMT has diffused to other areas where the alterations of the gut microbiota ecology (or dysbiosis) have been theorized to play a causative role, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), among several other extra-intestinal disorders (i.e. metabolic syndrome and obesity, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular diseases). FMT can be relatively simple to perform, but a number of challenges need to be overcome before this procedure is widely accepted in clinical practice, and currently, there is no consensus between the various gastrointestinal organizations and societies regarding the FMT procedure. In this article, we describe the modern high-throughput sequencing techniques to characterize the composition of gut microbiota and the potential for therapeutics by manipulating microbiota with FMT in several gastrointestinal disorders (C. difficile-associated diarrhea, IBD and IBS), with a look on the potential future directions of FMT.

scholarly journals Are There Potential Applications of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation beyond Intestinal Disorders?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Youlian Zhou ◽  
Haoming Xu ◽  
Hongli Huang ◽  
Yingfei Li ◽  
Huiting Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Therapeutic Option ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Dysbiosis ◽  
Therapeutic Value ◽  
Effective Therapeutic Option ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Fecal Bacteriotherapy ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Intestinal microbial dysbiosis is associated with various intestinal and extraintestinal disorders. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a type of fecal bacteriotherapy, is considered an effective therapeutic option for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection (rCDI) and also has important value in other intestinal diseases including irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The purpose of this review is to discuss promising therapeutic value in extraintestinal diseases associated with gut microbial dysbiosis, including liver, metabolic, chronic kidney, neuropsychiatric, allergic, autoimmune, and hematological diseases as well as tumors.

Fecal microbiota transplantation in gastrointestinal and extraintestinal disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 1173-1183
Author(s):  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Jonathan P Segal ◽  
Benjamin H Mullish ◽  
Mohammed N Quraishi ◽  
Serena Porcari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile ◽  
Clostridioides Difficile Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is the infusion of feces from a healthy donor into the gut of a recipient to treat a dysbiosis-related disease. FMT has been proven to be a safe and effective treatment for Clostridioides difficile infection, but increasing evidence supports the role of FMT in other gastrointestinal and extraintestinal diseases. The aim of this review is to paint the landscape of current evidence of FMT in different fields of application (including irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, liver disorders, decolonization of multidrug-resistant bacteria, metabolic disorders and neurological disorders), as well as to discuss the current regulatory scenario of FMT, and hypothesize future directions of FMT.

scholarly journals Defined microbiota transplant restores Th17/RORγt+regulatory T cell balance in mice colonized with inflammatory bowel disease microbiotas

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (35) ◽  
pp. 21536-21545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham J. Britton ◽  
Eduardo J. Contijoch ◽  
Matthew P. Spindler ◽  
Varun Aggarwala ◽  
Belgin Dogan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Th17 Cells ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Cell Subset ◽  
Treg Cells ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

The building evidence for the contribution of microbiota to human disease has spurred an effort to develop therapies that target the gut microbiota. This is particularly evident in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs), where clinical trials of fecal microbiota transplantation have shown some efficacy. To aid the development of novel microbiota-targeted therapies and to better understand the biology underpinning such treatments, we have used gnotobiotic mice to model microbiota manipulations in the context of microbiotas from humans with inflammatory bowel disease. Mice colonized with IBD donor-derived microbiotas exhibit a stereotypical set of phenotypes, characterized by abundant mucosal Th17 cells, a deficit in the tolerogenic RORγt+regulatory T (Treg) cell subset, and susceptibility to disease in colitis models. Transplanting healthy donor-derived microbiotas into mice colonized with human IBD microbiotas led to induction of RORγt+Treg cells, which was associated with an increase in the density of the microbiotas following transplant. Microbiota transplant reduced gut Th17 cells in mice colonized with a microbiota from a donor with Crohn’s disease. By culturing strains from this microbiota and screening them in vivo, we identified a specific strain that potently induces Th17 cells. Microbiota transplants reduced the relative abundance of this strain in the gut microbiota, which was correlated with a reduction in Th17 cells and protection from colitis.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation brings about bacterial strain displacement in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manli Zou ◽  
Zhuye Jie ◽  
Bota Cui ◽  
Honggang Wang ◽  
Qiang Feng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Bacterial Colonization ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Classification Model ◽  
Metagenomic Data ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel

ABSTRACTFecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), which is thought to have the potential to correct dysbiosis of gut microbiota, has recently been used to treat inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To elucidate the extent and principles of microbiota engraftment in IBD patients after FMT treatment, we conducted an interventional prospective cohort study. The cohort included two categories of patients: (1) patients with moderate to severe Crohn’s disease (CD) (Harvey-Bradshaw Index ≥ 7, n = 11, and (2) patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) (Montreal classification, S2 and S3, n = 4). All patients were treated with a single FMT (via mid-gut, from healthy donors) and follow-up visits were performed at baseline, 3 days, one week, and one month after FMT (missing time points included). At each follow-up time point, fecal samples of the participants were collected along with their clinical metadata. For comparative analysis, 10 fecal samples from 10 healthy people were included to represent the diversity level of normal gut microbiota. Additionally, the metagenomic data of 25 fecal samples from 5 individuals with metabolic syndrome who underwent autologous FMT treatment were downloaded from a previous published paper to represent natural microbiota shifts during FMT. All fecal samples underwent shotgun metagenomic sequencing.We found that 3 days after FMT, 11 out of 15 recipients were in remission (3 out of 4 UC recipients; 8 out of 11 CD recipients). Generally, bacterial colonization was observed to be lower in CD recipients than in UC recipients at both species and strain levels. Furthermore, across species, different strains displayed disease-specific displacement advantages under two-disease status. Finally, most post-FMT species (> 80%) could be properly predicted (AUC > 85%) using a random forest classification model, with the gut microbiota composition and clinical parameters of pre-FMT recipients acting as the most contributive factors for prediction accuracy.

Fecal microbiota transplantation. Prospects in pediatric practice

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
E.S. Pimenova ◽  
◽  
E.M. Mukhametova ◽  
E.Ya. Musaeva ◽  
S.I. Erdes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Clostridium Difficile ◽  
Short Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Pediatric Practice ◽  
Short Bowel ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The aim of this review is to summarize data on the experience of using fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) as a method of treating intestinal diseases, in particular in pediatric practice. FMT is the process of transferring fecal material from a healthy donor to the recipient’s gastrointestinal tract in order to alter gut microbial composition. To date, the most amount of research has been conducted in the field of treatment for Clostridium difficile infection. The mortality rate among children with this pathology is 1–5%. Randomized clinical trials show a higher efficacy of FMT compared to the use of antibiotics (efficacy rates of 90% and 26%, respectively) in the treatment for C. difficile infection. The effectiveness of FMT as a treatment for other diseases has been discussed. Cases of the successful use of FMT as a treatment for short bowel syndrome in children have been described, and studies on the effectiveness of this technique in patients with irritable bowel syndrome and inflammatory bowel diseases have been conducted. Most studies have been carried out on small samples of patients, and the results vary. The potential of using FMT as a treatment of children with severe bowel diseases is high, which makes it necessary to conduct further research in pediatric practice. Key words: inflammatory bowel disease, Clostridium difficile infection, short bowel syndrome, irritable bowel syndrome, fecal microbiota transplantation

Modification of gut microbiota as a method of treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (literature review and own data)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Tkach ◽  
A. E. Dorofeev ◽  
Y. G. Kuzenko
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Recently, our knowledge of gut microbiota (GM) disorders in various pathologies has significantly increased. In particular, to date, there is sufficient evidence that various disorders of GM may play a pathogenetic role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, various methods of GM modification are now considered as a new promising strategy for the treatment of patients with IBS. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are considered as methods of GM modification. Many clinical trials have been conducted to examine the therapeutic effect of probiotics on general or specific symptoms of IBS, but most of these studies have been very heterogeneous. Although some meta‑analyzes or systematic reviews show that probiotics may be useful in treating the symptoms of IBS, their findings in the studies differ due to insufficient sample size, poor study design, and the use of different probiotic strains. Currently, only one selective intestinal antibiotic with eubiotic properties is known — rifaximin, the effectiveness and safety of which have been proven in large randomized trials. The authors presented their own experience of rifaximin use at IBS that confirmed its efficiency. Own experience of the FMT conduction in patients with IBS is also presented. It has been revealed that even one‑time treatment significantly affected the GM by reducing the frequency and severity of dysbiotic disorders; it was accompanied by significant clinical effects in most patients that lasted up to 3 months of follow‑up.

scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Crosstalk in Diarrhea-Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kai Zhan ◽  
Huan Zheng ◽  
Jianqing Li ◽  
Haomeng Wu ◽  
Shumin Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The occurrence of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is the result of multiple factors, and its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Emerging evidence indicates abnormal changes in gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism have a close relationship with IBS-D. Gut microbiota is involved in the secondary BA production via deconjugation, 7α-dehydroxylation, oxidation, epimerization, desulfation, and esterification reactions respectively. Changes in the composition and quantity of gut microbiota have an important impact on the metabolism of BAs, which can lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. BAs, synthesized in the hepatocytes, play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and the balance of glucose and lipid metabolism. In consideration of the complex biological functional connections among gut microbiota, BAs, and IBS-D, it is urgent to review the latest research progress in this field. In this review, we summarized the alterations of gut microbiota in IBS-D and discussed the mechanistic connections between gut microbiota and BA metabolism in IBS-D, which may be involved in activating two important bile acid receptors, G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). We also highlight the strategies of prevention and treatment of IBS-D via regulating gut microbiota-bile acid axis, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), cholestyramine, and the cutting-edge technology about bacteria genetic engineering.

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