scholarly journals Gut Microbiota-Bile Acid Crosstalk in Diarrhea-Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Kai Zhan ◽  
Huan Zheng ◽  
Jianqing Li ◽  
Haomeng Wu ◽  
Shumin Qin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Functional Connections ◽  
Irritable Bowel

The occurrence of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is the result of multiple factors, and its pathogenesis has not yet been clarified. Emerging evidence indicates abnormal changes in gut microbiota and bile acid (BA) metabolism have a close relationship with IBS-D. Gut microbiota is involved in the secondary BA production via deconjugation, 7α-dehydroxylation, oxidation, epimerization, desulfation, and esterification reactions respectively. Changes in the composition and quantity of gut microbiota have an important impact on the metabolism of BAs, which can lead to the occurrence of gastrointestinal diseases. BAs, synthesized in the hepatocytes, play an important role in maintaining the homeostasis of gut microbiota and the balance of glucose and lipid metabolism. In consideration of the complex biological functional connections among gut microbiota, BAs, and IBS-D, it is urgent to review the latest research progress in this field. In this review, we summarized the alterations of gut microbiota in IBS-D and discussed the mechanistic connections between gut microbiota and BA metabolism in IBS-D, which may be involved in activating two important bile acid receptors, G-protein coupled bile acid receptor 1 (TGR5) and farnesoid X receptor (FXR). We also highlight the strategies of prevention and treatment of IBS-D via regulating gut microbiota-bile acid axis, including probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), cholestyramine, and the cutting-edge technology about bacteria genetic engineering.

scholarly journals Research Progress in Fecal Microbiota Transplantation as Treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Wang ◽  
Fengling Zheng ◽  
Shan Liu ◽  
Huanhuan Luo
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Intestinal Microbes ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome is a functional disorder characterized by abdominal pain or discomfort associated with altered bowel habits. Due to the uncertainty of the pathogenesis of IBS and the diversity of its clinical manifestations, IBS cannot be completely cured. Increasing evidence suggests the key role of altered intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of IBS. Therefore, attention is being shifted to adjusting the changes in intestinal microbiota to control IBS symptoms. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), antibiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics are currently often employed as treatment for IBS. And FMT is the most significant therapeutic efficacy with the least number of side effects. FMT provides a creative way to restore the abnormal gut microbiome in patients with IBS. But although current clinical studies confirm the effectiveness of FMT in the treatment of IBS, they are short-term studies of small samples, and there is still a lack of large-scale long-term studies. In this paper, we review the intestinal microbiota changes of IBS, the common methods of treating IBS with intestinal microbes, and the research status of FMT for the treatment of IBS. Finally, we put forward some opinions on the future research direction of FMT treatment of IBS.

Principles of DNA-Based Gut Microbiota Assessment and Therapeutic Efficacy of Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Gastrointestinal Diseases

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Cammarota ◽  
Silvia Pecere ◽  
Gianluca Ianiro ◽  
Luca Masucci ◽  
Diego Currò
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Causative Role ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Treatment Protocols ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Cure Rates

Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a process by which the normal gastrointestinal microbiota is restored, has demonstrated extraordinary cure rates for Clostridium difficile infection and low recurrence. The community of microorganisms within the human gut (or microbiota) is critical to health status and functions; therefore, together with the rise of FMT, the gastrointestinal microbiota has emerged as a ‘virtual' organ with a level of complexity comparable to that of any other organ system and capable to compete with powerful known antibiotics for the treatment of several disorders. Although treatment protocols, donor selection, stool preparation and delivery methods varied widely, with a few reports following an identical protocol, FMT has diffused to other areas where the alterations of the gut microbiota ecology (or dysbiosis) have been theorized to play a causative role, including inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), among several other extra-intestinal disorders (i.e. metabolic syndrome and obesity, multiple sclerosis, cardiovascular diseases). FMT can be relatively simple to perform, but a number of challenges need to be overcome before this procedure is widely accepted in clinical practice, and currently, there is no consensus between the various gastrointestinal organizations and societies regarding the FMT procedure. In this article, we describe the modern high-throughput sequencing techniques to characterize the composition of gut microbiota and the potential for therapeutics by manipulating microbiota with FMT in several gastrointestinal disorders (C. difficile-associated diarrhea, IBD and IBS), with a look on the potential future directions of FMT.

Modification of gut microbiota as a method of treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (literature review and own data)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. Tkach ◽  
A. E. Dorofeev ◽  
Y. G. Kuzenko
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Sufficient Evidence ◽  
Clinical Effects ◽  
Time Treatment ◽  
Probiotic Strains ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Specific Symptoms

Recently, our knowledge of gut microbiota (GM) disorders in various pathologies has significantly increased. In particular, to date, there is sufficient evidence that various disorders of GM may play a pathogenetic role in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Therefore, various methods of GM modification are now considered as a new promising strategy for the treatment of patients with IBS. The use of probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are considered as methods of GM modification. Many clinical trials have been conducted to examine the therapeutic effect of probiotics on general or specific symptoms of IBS, but most of these studies have been very heterogeneous. Although some meta‑analyzes or systematic reviews show that probiotics may be useful in treating the symptoms of IBS, their findings in the studies differ due to insufficient sample size, poor study design, and the use of different probiotic strains. Currently, only one selective intestinal antibiotic with eubiotic properties is known — rifaximin, the effectiveness and safety of which have been proven in large randomized trials. The authors presented their own experience of rifaximin use at IBS that confirmed its efficiency. Own experience of the FMT conduction in patients with IBS is also presented. It has been revealed that even one‑time treatment significantly affected the GM by reducing the frequency and severity of dysbiotic disorders; it was accompanied by significant clinical effects in most patients that lasted up to 3 months of follow‑up.

scholarly journals Engraftment of strictly anaerobic oxygen-sensitive bacteria in irritable bowel syndrome patients following fecal microbiota transplantation does not improve symptoms

Gut Microbes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Patrick Denis Browne ◽  
Frederik Cold ◽  
Andreas Munk Petersen ◽  
Sofie Ingdam Halkjær ◽  
Alice Højer Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Strictly Anaerobic ◽  
Oxygen Sensitive ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome and transplantation of fecal microbiota. Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. D. Fadieienko ◽  
O. Y. Gridnyev
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Positive Outcome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Global Improvement ◽  
Recurrent Clostridium Difficile Infection ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Objective — to perform analysis of the literature data as regards the efficacy of the use of fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Materials and methods. The systematic review of the literature (PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library) has been performed to assess the results of investigation on the use of FMT in adult IBS patients. Results. Currently, FMT is a safe and highly successful method of treatment for recurrent Clostridium difficile infection, and possibility to use FMT in the treatment of other diseases is under investigation. The results of FMT treatment of patients with IBS are contradictory. A number of authors outline fairly high FMT efficacy when used for the treatment of patients with IBS, refractory to the standard methods: it varies from 36 % to 70 % with a duration of adequate symptoms’ relief up to 1 year. However, other authors indicate that the positive FMT clinical effect lasted from 8 weeks to 3 months, after which there was a gradual recovery of symptoms. At the same time, the researchers noted that mostly often the positive outcome was reached after FMT from donors with a higher number of streptococci in the feces. Still others point out that there was no sustained, at least 50‑point reduction in the severity of IBS symptoms from baseline. Some authors did not reveal the advantages of FMT over placebo control and even reported about the higher placebo efficacy. After data generalization no significant difference was revealed in the global improvement in IBS symptoms in patients receiving donor FM versus placebo. However, the attention is drawn to the relationship between the results of FMT with methodology. Indeed, several studies have shown that placebo capsules were more effective than capsules containing donor feces, whereas FMT from donor stool delivered by colonoscopy was superior to FMF from autologous stool. This may be due to the excipients, containing in the capsulated FMT. A number of researchers also indicated that the use of a super donor is necessary for successful FMT and that the response to FMT is dose dependent. Conclusions. To resolve the issue of the expediency of using FMT in routine clinical practice in patients with IBS, more qualitative controlled studies, involving large cohorts of IBS patients and long‑term follow‑up, are required.  

scholarly journals HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Anca Magdalena Munteanu ◽  
◽  
Raluca Cursaru ◽  
Loreta Guja ◽  
Simona Carniciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

The medical research of the last 1-2 decades allows us to look at the human gut microbiota and microbiome as to a structure that can promote health and sometimes initiate disease. It works like an endocrine organ: releasing specific metabolites, using environmental inputs, e.g. diet, or acting through its structural compounds, that signal human host receptors, to finally contributing to the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. The same commensal microbes were found as shapers of the human host response to drugs (cardiovascular, oncology etc.). New technologies played an important role in these achievements, facilitating analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of this microbial community. Once the inputs, the pathways and a lot of human host receptors were highlighted, the scientists were encouraged to go further into research, in order to develop new pathogenic therapies, targeting the human gut flora. Dual therapies, evolving these “friend microbes”, are another actual research subjects. This review gives an update on the current knowledge in the area of microbiota disbalances under environmental factors, the contribution of gut microbiota and microbiome to the pathogenesis of obesity, obesity associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, as well as new perspectives in preventing and treating these diseases, with high prevalence in contemporary, economically developed societies. It brings the latest and most relevant evidences relating to: probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols and fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary nutrient manipulation, microbial as well as human host enzyme manipulation, shaping human responses to currently used drugs, manipulating the gut microbiome by horizontal gene transfer.

scholarly journals 2103 Fecal bile acids, fecal short-chain fatty acids, and the intestinal microbiota in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and control volunteers

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (S1) ◽  
pp. 12-13
Author(s):  
Andrea Shin ◽  
David Nelson ◽  
John Wo ◽  
Michael Camilleri ◽  
Toyia James-Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Bile Acid ◽  
Organic Acids ◽  
Gastrointestinal Transit ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Colonic Transit ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Acid Excretion ◽  
Irritable Bowel

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Objectives and goals of this study will be to: (1) compare fecal microbiota and fecal organic acids in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients and controls and (2) investigate the association between colonic transit and fecal microbiota in IBS patients and controls. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We propose an investigation of fecal organic acids, colonic transit and fecal microbiota in 36 IBS patients and 18 healthy controls. The target population will be adults ages 18–65 years meeting Rome IV criteria for IBS (both diarrhea- and constipation-predominant, IBS-D and IBS-C) and asymptomatic controls. Exclusion criteria are: (a) history of microscopic colitis, inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, visceral cancer, chronic infectious disease, immunodeficiency, uncontrolled thyroid disease, liver disease, or elevated AST/ALT>2.0× the upper limit of normal, (b) prior radiation therapy of the abdomen or abdominal surgeries with the exception of appendectomy or cholecystectomy >6 months before study initiation, (c) ingestion of prescription, over the counter, or herbal medications affecting gastrointestinal transit or study interpretation within 6 months of study initiation for controls or within 2 days before study initiation for IBS patients, (d) pregnant females, (e) antibiotic usage within 3 months before study participation, (f) prebiotic or probiotic usage within the 2 weeks before study initiation, (g) tobacco users. Primary outcomes will be fecal bile acid excretion and profile, short-chain fatty acid excretion and profile, colonic transit, and fecal microbiota. Secondary outcomes will be stool characteristics based on responses to validated bowel diaries. Stool samples will be collected from participants during the last 2 days of a 4-day 100 g fat diet and split into 3 samples for fecal microbiota, SCFA, and bile acid analysis and frozen. Frozen aliquots will be shipped to the Metabolite Profiling Facility at Purdue University and the Mayo Clinic Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology for SCFA and bile acid measurements, respectively. Analysis of fecal microbiota will be performed in the research laboratory of Dr David Nelson in collaboration with bioinformatics expertise affiliated with the Nelson lab. Colonic transit time will be measured with the previously validated method using radio-opaque markers. Generalized linear models will be used as the analysis framework for comparing study endpoints among groups. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: This study seeks to examine the innovative concept that specific microbial signatures are associated with increased fecal excretion of organic acids to provide unique insights on a potential mechanistic link between altered intraluminal organic acids and fecal microbiota. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Results may lead to development of targets for novel therapies and diagnostic biomarkers for IBS, emphasizing the role of the fecal metabolome.

scholarly journals Fecal microbiota transplantation for patients with irritable bowel syndrome

Medicine ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (40) ◽  
pp. e12661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenting Wen ◽  
Haibo Zhang ◽  
Junlong Shen ◽  
Luxia Wei ◽  
Shunong Shen
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Irritable Bowel
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