scholarly journals Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging of White Matter Degeneration in Glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Carlo Nucci ◽  
Francesco Garaci ◽  
Simone Altobelli ◽  
Francesco Di Ciò ◽  
Alessio Martucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by death of retinal ganglion cells and loss of their axons, progressively leading to blindness. Recently, glaucoma has been conceptualized as a more diffuse neurodegenerative disorder involving the optic nerve and also the entire brain. Consistently, previous studies have used a variety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and described widespread changes in the grey and white matter of patients. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) provides additional information as compared with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and consistently provides higher sensitivity to early microstructural white matter modification. In this study, we employ DKI to evaluate differences among healthy controls and a mixed population of primary open angle glaucoma patients ranging from stage I to V according to Hodapp–Parrish–Anderson visual field impairment classification. To this end, a cohort of patients affected by primary open angle glaucoma (n = 23) and a group of healthy volunteers (n = 15) were prospectively enrolled and underwent an ophthalmological evaluation followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 3T MR scanner. After estimating both DTI indices, whole-brain, voxel-wise statistical comparisons were performed in white matter using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). We found widespread differences in several white matter tracts in patients with glaucoma relative to controls in several metrics (mean kurtosis, kurtosis anisotropy, radial kurtosis, and fractional anisotropy) which involved localization well beyond the visual pathways, and involved cognitive, motor, face recognition, and orientation functions amongst others. Our findings lend further support to a causal brain involvement in glaucoma and offer alternative explanations for a number of multidomain impairments often observed in glaucoma patients.

scholarly journals Optic Nerve Tortuosity and Globe Proptosis in Normal and Glaucoma Subjects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
Helmut Rumpel ◽  
Mani Baskaran ◽  
Tin A Tun ◽  
Nicholas Strouthidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerves

AbstractPurposeTo assess the difference in optic nerve tortuosity during eye movements and globe proptosis between primary open angle glaucoma and normal subjects using orbital magnetic resonance imaging.Methods10 Chinese subjects matched for age, ethnicity and refractive errors were recruited, including five normal controls and five patients with primary open angle glaucoma. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess their optic nerves and globes for three eye positions: primary gaze, adduction and abduction. Optic nerve tortuosity (optic nerve length divided by the distance between two ends) and globe proptosis (maximum distance between cornea and interzygomatic line) were measured from magnetic resonance imaging images.ResultsIn adduction, the tortuosity of normal eyes was significantly larger than that of the glaucomatous eyes. Optic nerve tortuosity in adduction in the control and glaucoma groups were 1.004±0.003 (mean ± standard deviation) and 1.001±0.001, respectively (p=0.037). Globe proptosis (primary gaze) in glaucoma subjects (19.14±2.11 mm) was significantly higher than that in control subjects (15.32±2.79 mm; p = 0.046).ConclusionsIn this sample, subjects with glaucoma exhibited more taut optic nerves and more protruding eye globes compared to normal eyes. This may impact optic nerve head deformations in anatomically predisposed patients.PrécisEyes with glaucoma have tauter optic nerves compared with normal eyes, which may exert more force on the optic nerve head tissues during eye movements.

Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) White Matter Hyperintensities in Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome With or Without Migraine

2021 ◽  
pp. 088307382110279
Author(s):  
Salman Rashid ◽  
Samantha Weaver ◽  
Khaled Al-Robaidi ◽  
Leon Dure ◽  
Sumit Singh
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
White Matter Hyperintensities ◽  
Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Cyclic Vomiting

Background: Cyclic vomiting syndrome is classified as a possible subset of migraine. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of white matter hyperintensities are well documented in migraineurs, but not in patients with cyclic vomiting syndrome. This study focuses on white matter hyperintensities in children with cyclic vomiting syndrome. Methods: We investigated our database of outpatient medical records for the diagnosis codes associated with cyclic vomiting syndrome from January 2008 to October 2018. Results: Brain MRIs were obtained in 31 of 185 patients (∼17%) with a diagnosis code related to cyclic vomiting syndrome. We excluded 13 of 31 patients because of the inaccessibility of images or a confounding diagnosis. Remaining patients were divided into 2 groups: 13 of 18 cyclic vomiting syndrome with migraine (CVS+M), and 5 of 18 cyclic vomiting syndrome without migraine (CVS-M). We found that 3 of the 13 patients in the CVS +M group had migraine-like white matter hyperintensities compared to 0 of the 5 in the CVS-M group. Conclusion: This small study suggests a possible relationship between white matter hyperintensities and CVS+M. A larger study is required to validate these findings.

scholarly journals A Comprehensive Machine-Learning Model Applied to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) to Predict Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) in Older Subjects

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 2146
Author(s):  
Gopi Battineni ◽  
Nalini Chintalapudi ◽  
Francesco Amenta ◽  
Enea Traini
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Machine Learning ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Feature Selection ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Increasing evidence suggests the utility of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as an important technique for the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and for predicting the onset of this neurodegenerative disorder. In this study, we present a sophisticated machine learning (ML) model of great accuracy to diagnose the early stages of AD. A total of 373 MRI tests belonging to 150 subjects (age ≥ 60) were examined and analyzed in parallel with fourteen distinct features related to standard AD diagnosis. Four ML models, such as naive Bayes (NB), artificial neural networks (ANN), K-nearest neighbor (KNN), and support-vector machines (SVM), and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve metric were used to validate the model performance. Each model evaluation was done in three independent experiments. In the first experiment, a manual feature selection was used for model training, and ANN generated the highest accuracy in terms of ROC (0.812). In the second experiment, automatic feature selection was conducted by wrapping methods, and the NB achieved the highest ROC of 0.942. The last experiment consisted of an ensemble or hybrid modeling developed to combine the four models. This approach resulted in an improved accuracy ROC of 0.991. We conclude that the involvement of ensemble modeling, coupled with selective features, can predict with better accuracy the development of AD at an early stage.

Late presentation of NMOSD as rapidly progressive leukoencephalopathy with atypical clinical and radiological findings

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 685-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elia Sechi ◽  
Alberto Addis ◽  
Lucia Batzu ◽  
Sara Mariotto ◽  
Sergio Ferrari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Late Presentation ◽  
Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Radiological Findings ◽  
Mri Findings ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Brain abnormalities in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) are highly heterogeneous and often non-specific. Extensive white matter involvement has been described and frequently manifests with encephalopathy requiring prompt intervention. Rarely, this may represent the only manifestation at onset without concurrent suggestive features of the disease, thus making diagnosis challenging. NMOSD may potentially occur at any age, but it seems that this disorder has distinctive clinical features in the elderly. We describe a case of NMOSD presenting as rapidly progressive leukoencephalopathy with atypical clinical and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a 69-year-old woman.

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