scholarly journals Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Optic Nerve Traction During Adduction in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma With Normal Intraocular Pressure

2017 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 4114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph L. Demer ◽  
Robert A. Clark ◽  
Soh Youn Suh ◽  
JoAnn A. Giaconi ◽  
Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Resonance Imaging

scholarly journals Optic Nerve Tortuosity and Globe Proptosis in Normal and Glaucoma Subjects

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaofei Wang ◽  
Helmut Rumpel ◽  
Mani Baskaran ◽  
Tin A Tun ◽  
Nicholas Strouthidis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Eye Movements ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Optic Nerves

AbstractPurposeTo assess the difference in optic nerve tortuosity during eye movements and globe proptosis between primary open angle glaucoma and normal subjects using orbital magnetic resonance imaging.Methods10 Chinese subjects matched for age, ethnicity and refractive errors were recruited, including five normal controls and five patients with primary open angle glaucoma. All subjects underwent magnetic resonance imaging to assess their optic nerves and globes for three eye positions: primary gaze, adduction and abduction. Optic nerve tortuosity (optic nerve length divided by the distance between two ends) and globe proptosis (maximum distance between cornea and interzygomatic line) were measured from magnetic resonance imaging images.ResultsIn adduction, the tortuosity of normal eyes was significantly larger than that of the glaucomatous eyes. Optic nerve tortuosity in adduction in the control and glaucoma groups were 1.004±0.003 (mean ± standard deviation) and 1.001±0.001, respectively (p=0.037). Globe proptosis (primary gaze) in glaucoma subjects (19.14±2.11 mm) was significantly higher than that in control subjects (15.32±2.79 mm; p = 0.046).ConclusionsIn this sample, subjects with glaucoma exhibited more taut optic nerves and more protruding eye globes compared to normal eyes. This may impact optic nerve head deformations in anatomically predisposed patients.PrécisEyes with glaucoma have tauter optic nerves compared with normal eyes, which may exert more force on the optic nerve head tissues during eye movements.

scholarly journals Diffusional Kurtosis Imaging of White Matter Degeneration in Glaucoma

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3122
Author(s):  
Carlo Nucci ◽  
Francesco Garaci ◽  
Simone Altobelli ◽  
Francesco Di Ciò ◽  
Alessio Martucci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri

Glaucoma is an optic neuropathy characterized by death of retinal ganglion cells and loss of their axons, progressively leading to blindness. Recently, glaucoma has been conceptualized as a more diffuse neurodegenerative disorder involving the optic nerve and also the entire brain. Consistently, previous studies have used a variety of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques and described widespread changes in the grey and white matter of patients. Diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) provides additional information as compared with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), and consistently provides higher sensitivity to early microstructural white matter modification. In this study, we employ DKI to evaluate differences among healthy controls and a mixed population of primary open angle glaucoma patients ranging from stage I to V according to Hodapp–Parrish–Anderson visual field impairment classification. To this end, a cohort of patients affected by primary open angle glaucoma (n = 23) and a group of healthy volunteers (n = 15) were prospectively enrolled and underwent an ophthalmological evaluation followed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using a 3T MR scanner. After estimating both DTI indices, whole-brain, voxel-wise statistical comparisons were performed in white matter using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics (TBSS). We found widespread differences in several white matter tracts in patients with glaucoma relative to controls in several metrics (mean kurtosis, kurtosis anisotropy, radial kurtosis, and fractional anisotropy) which involved localization well beyond the visual pathways, and involved cognitive, motor, face recognition, and orientation functions amongst others. Our findings lend further support to a causal brain involvement in glaucoma and offer alternative explanations for a number of multidomain impairments often observed in glaucoma patients.

Adduction-Induced Strain on the Optic Nerve in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma at Normal Intraocular Pressure

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Robert A. Clark ◽  
Soh Youn Suh ◽  
Joseph Caprioli ◽  
JoAnn A. Giaconi ◽  
Kouros Nouri-Mahdavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TONOMETRY METHODS

2021 ◽  
Vol Special issue (3) ◽  
pp. 21-24
Author(s):  
Azamat Yusupov ◽  
◽  
Muyassar Khamitovna Karimova ◽  
Mastona Zakirkhodzhayeva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Glaucomatous Optic Neuropathy ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Optic Nerve Atrophy ◽  
Glaucoma Diagnostics

The principles of glaucoma diagnostics are based on the triad of symptoms -the excess of IOP over the tolerant level, changes in the visual field, primarily in the Bjerrum zone, and also on glaucomatous excavation of the optic nerve head. It should be recognized that the IOP level is the only proven risk factor for the progression of glaucomatous optic nerve atrophy and, at the same time, the only factor that we can influence. That is why the determination of IOP is of great importance in diagnosis and is the basis for evaluating the effectiveness of glaucoma treatment.Keywords: IOP (intraocular pressure), tonometry, glaucoma, primary open-angle glaucoma, glaucomatous optic neuropathy, tonometer, pneumotonometer

Sensory Stimulation for Lowering Intraocular Pressure, Improving Blood Flow to the Optic Nerve and Neuroprotection in Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 416-421 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edith Rom
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Sensory Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Treatment Protocols

Primary open-angle glaucoma is a group of optic neuropathies that can lead to irreversible blindness. Sensory stimulation in the form of acupuncture or ear acupressure may contribute to protecting patients from blindness when used as a complementary method to orthodox treatment in the form of drops, laser or surgery. The objective of this article is to provide a narrative overview of the available literature up to July 2012. It summarises reported evidence on the potential beneficial effects of sensory stimulation for glaucoma. Sensory stimulation appears to significantly enhance the pressure-lowering effect of orthodox treatments. Studies suggest that it may also improve blood flow to the eye and optic nerve head. Furthermore, it may play a role in neuroprotection through regulating nerve growth factor and brain-derived neurotrophic factor and their receptors, thereby encouraging the survival pathway in contrast to the pathway to apoptosis. Blood flow and neuroprotection are areas that are not directly influenced by orthodox treatment modalities. Numerous different treatment protocols were used to investigate the effect of sensory stimulation on intraocular pressure, blood flow or neuroprotection of the retina and optic nerve in the animal model and human pilot studies. Objective outcomes were reported to have been evaluated with Goldmann tonometry, Doppler ultrasound techniques and electrophysiology (pattern electroretinography, visually evoked potentials), and supported with histological studies in the animal model. Taken together, reported evidence from these studies strongly suggests that sensory stimulation is worthy of further research.

Clinical efficacy of osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with unoperated open-angle glaucoma

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-105
Author(s):  
E. N. Simakova ◽  
O. V. Stenkova
Keyword(s):  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
Drug Therapy ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Main Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Complex Treatment ◽  
Hypotensive Drug

Introduction. Glaucoma is one of the most significant eye diseases. It is often diagnosed, not always amenable to therapy, and can lead to a complete loss of visual functions. In recent years, the method of osteopathic correction has become widespread as one of the effective methods of treatment and rehabilitation of patients with pathologies of various body systems. In the pathogenesis of glaucoma, it is customary to distinguish a dystrophic concept, which considers primary open-angle glaucoma as a result of dystrophic changes in the connective tissue, as well as in the endothelial lining of the trabeculae and Schlemm′s canal, especially destructive changes in mitochondria and the alteration of their functional activity. A vascular concept is also distinguished. According to this concept, the central link in the pathogenesis of glaucoma is circulatory disorder in the ciliary vessels, ocular artery, and major vessels of the head and neck, it can be assumed that osteopathic correction in the treatment of patients with open-angle glaucoma will be pathogenetically substantiated and will have a positive effect on intraocular pressure and trophicity of the optic nerve. The goal of research — to study the influence of in osteopathic correction on the nature of unoperated glaucoma (stage IIA) and to substantiate the possibility of using osteopathic correction in the complex treatment of patients with this pathology.Materials and methods. A prospective controlled randomized study was conducted at 52 city polyclinics, branch 3, Moscow, from January 2018 to January 2019. 40 patients (70 eyes) aged 50 to 75 years with primary open-angle glaucoma IIA stage were examined. At this stage of the disease, patients most often seek medical care and the issue of conservative management is primarily considered. All patients were divided into two groups of 20 people: the main group and the control group. The treatment in the main group included hypotensive drug therapy and osteopathic correction. Patients of the control group received only drug therapy. All patients underwent ophthalmic (visometry, tonometry, perimetry) and osteopathic examination twice: before the treatment and after 3 months.Results. For patients with primary open-angle IIA non-operated glaucoma, regional (most often regions of the head, neck, dura mater) and local (abdominal diaphragm, iliac bones, hip and knee joints) somatic dysfunctions were the most typical. In the main group a statistically significant decrease in the frequency and severity of dysfunctions at all levels was stated. Also, in patients receiving osteopathic correction, a significant decrease in the level of intraocular pressure and perimetric indices was noted. In patients of the control group, no reliable changes in these indicators were obtained.Conclusion. The results obtained indicate that osteopathic correction is clinically effective in the complex treatment of patients with primary open-angle II A glaucoma.

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