scholarly journals Temperament and Character Traits of Female Eating Disorder Patients with(out) Non-Suicidal Self-Injury

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tinne Buelens ◽  
Koen Luyckx ◽  
Margaux Verschueren ◽  
Katrien Schoevaerts ◽  
Eva Dierckx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
High Prevalence

Eating disorder (ED) patients show alarmingly high prevalence rates of Non-Suicidal Self-Injury (NSSI). Adolescents seem to be particularly at risk, as EDs and NSSI both have their onset in mid-adolescence. It has been suggested that personality could be a transdiagnostic mechanism underlying both EDs and NSSI. However, little attention has been given to adolescent clinical samples compared to adult and/or community samples. Therefore, the current study investigated the role of personality in a sample of 189 female inpatients with an ED (M = 15.93, SD = 0.98). Our results confirmed the high prevalence of NSSI in EDs, specifically in patients with bingeing/purging behaviours (ED-BP). Temperamental differences were found between ED-BP and the restrictive ED subtype (ED-R). Namely, ED-BP patients showed more harm avoidance and less self-directedness compared to ED-R. Temperamental differences were found in NSSI as well, regardless of ED subtype: ED patients who had engaged in NSSI during their lifetime reported less self-directedness and more harm avoidance. Interestingly, only ED patients who recently engaged in NSSI showed less novelty seeking. These temperamental profiles should be recognised as key mechanisms in the treatment of adolescent ED patients with and without NSSI.

Personality characteristics of women before and after recovery from an eating disorder

2004 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407-1418 ◽  
Author(s):  
KELLY L. KLUMP ◽  
MICHAEL STROBER ◽  
CYNTHIA M. BULIK ◽  
LAURA THORNTON ◽  
CRAIG JOHNSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Bulimia Nervosa ◽  
Normal Control ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
Axis I

Background. Previous studies of personality characteristics in women with eating disorders primarily have focused on women who are acutely ill. This study compares personality characteristics among women who are ill with eating disorders, recovered from eating disorders, and those without eating or other Axis I disorder pathology.Method. Female participants were assessed for personality characteristics using the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI): 122 with anorexia nervosa (AN; 77 ill, 45 recovered), 279 with bulimia nervosa (BN; 194 ill, 85 recovered), 267 with lifetime histories of both anorexia and bulimia nervosa (AN+BN; 194 ill, 73 recovered), 63 with eating disorder not otherwise specified (EDNOS; 31 ill, 32 recovered), and 507 without eating or Axis I disorder pathology.Results. Women ill with all types of eating disorders exhibited several TCI score differences from control women, particularly in the areas of novelty-seeking, harm avoidance, self-directedness, and cooperativeness. Interestingly, women recovered from eating disorders reported higher levels of harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores than did normal control women.Conclusions. Women with eating disorders in both the ill and recovered state show higher levels of harm avoidance and lower self-directedness and cooperativeness scores than normal control women. Although findings suggest that disturbances may be trait-related and contribute to the disorders' pathogenesis, additional research with more representative community controls, rather than our pre-screened, normal controls, is needed to confirm these impressions.

The Moderating Role of Purging Behaviour in the Relationship Between Sexual/Physical Abuse and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury in Eating Disorder Patients

2015 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sónia Gonçalves ◽  
Bárbara Machado ◽  
Cátia Silva ◽  
Ross D. Crosby ◽  
Jason M. Lavender ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorder ◽  
Physical Abuse ◽  
Self Injury ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Moderating Role ◽  
Nonsuicidal Self Injury

scholarly journals Transdiagnostic Perspective of Impulsivity and Compulsivity in Obesity: From Cognitive Profile to Self-Reported Dimensions in Clinical Samples with and without Diabetes

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 4426
Author(s):  
Giulia Testa ◽  
Bernat Mora-Maltas ◽  
Lucía Camacho-Barcia ◽  
Roser Granero ◽  
Ignacio Lucas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Cognitive Profile ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Compulsive Behaviors

Impulsive and compulsive behaviors have both been observed in individuals with obesity. The co-occurrence of obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) is more strongly associated with impulsivity, although there are no conclusive results yet. A multidimensional assessment of impulsivity and compulsivity was conducted in individuals with obesity in the absence or presence of T2D, compared with healthy, normal-weight individuals, with highly impulsive patients (gambling disorders), and with highly compulsive patients (anorexia nervosa). Decision making and novelty seeking were used to measure impulsivity, and cognitive flexibility and harm avoidance were used for compulsivity. For impulsivity, patients with obesity and T2D showed poorer decision-making ability compared with healthy individuals. For compulsivity, individuals with only obesity presented less cognitive flexibility and high harm avoidance; these dimensions were not associated with obesity with T2D. This study contributes to the knowledge of the mechanisms associated with diabetes and its association with impulsive–compulsive behaviors, confirming the hypothesis that patients with obesity and T2D would be characterized by higher levels of impulsivity.

scholarly journals Comprehensive meta-analysis of associations between temperament and character traits in Cloninger’s psychobiological theory and mental disorders

2022 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 030006052110707
Author(s):  
Saeid Komasi ◽  
Farzin Rezaei ◽  
Azad Hemmati ◽  
Khaled Rahmani ◽  
Federico Amianto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Character Traits ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Case Control Studies ◽  
High Reward ◽  
Reward Dependence ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
Mean Differences

Objective To explore the relationship between temperament and character traits in Cloninger’s psychobiological theory and mental disorders. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted of five international databases for all articles published in English between January 1990 and April 2019 (PROSPERO-CRD42019133214). Owing to heterogeneity, pooled estimates of correlations for personality disorders and standardized mean differences for case–control studies related to other mental disorders were calculated using the random-effects method. Results The pooled effect sizes obtained from 149 studies showed that high harm avoidance (related to 22/24 diagnostic categories), low self-directedness (21/23), low cooperativeness (17/23), high self-transcendence (14/23), low reward dependence (11/24), high novelty-seeking (10/24), low novelty-seeking (7/24), high persistence (2/23), low persistence (2/23) and high reward dependence (2/24) were related to psychopathology. Conclusions All traits provided unique psychobiological tools for differential diagnosis of mental disorders. However, high harm avoidance and low self-directedness played a canonical role in psychopathology. Despite the study limitations, additional studies are warranted to evaluate the differential diagnoses suggested by the present model.

scholarly journals Association between neurological soft signs, temperament and character in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic relatives

PeerJ ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. e1651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Galindo ◽  
Francisco Pastoriza ◽  
Daniel Bergé ◽  
Anna Mané ◽  
Marisol Picado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Self Transcendence

The heritability of schizophrenia and most personality traits has been well established, but the role of personality in susceptibility to schizophrenia remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to test for an association between personality traits and Neurological Soft Signs (NSS), a well-known biological marker of schizophrenia, in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. For this purpose, we evaluated the NSS scale and personality measured by the Temperament and Character inventory (TCI-R) in three groups of subjects: 29 patients with schizophrenia, 24 unaffected relatives and 37 controls. The results showed that patients with schizophrenia were more asocial (higher harm avoidance and lower reward dependence), more perseverative (higher persistence), and more schizotypal (lower self-directedness and cooperativeness, higher self-transcendence). The unaffected relatives showed higher harm avoidance, lower self-directedness and cooperativeness than the healthy controls. Higher NSS scores and sub-scores were found in patients and non-psychotic relatives compared with the controls. Among all the patients, total NSS scores were positively correlated with harm avoidance but negatively correlated with novelty seeking and persistence. Total NSS were also correlated with low scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness, which are indicators of personality disorder. Our results show that susceptibility to NSS and to schizophrenia are both related to individual differences in the temperament and character features in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. High harm avoidance, low persistence, low self-directedness and low cooperativeness contribute to both the risk of NSS and schizophrenia. These findings highlight the value of using both assessments to study high risk populations.

scholarly journals Understanding the experience of psychopathology after intimate partner violence: the role of personality

PeerJ ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. e6647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paulo A.S. Moreira ◽  
Márcia Pinto ◽  
C. Robert Cloninger ◽  
Daniela Rodrigues ◽  
Carlos Fernandes da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Brief Symptom Inventory ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Psychopathological Symptoms ◽  
Self Transcendence

Objective(s) To fully understand the dynamics of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) it is necessary to understand the role of personality. The current understanding of which personality characteristics are associated with IPV victimization is, however, far from comprehensive. Given this gap in the literature, our objective was to examine the associations between the dimensions of the psychobiological model of personality and psychopathological symptoms in women who had experienced IPV. Methods Using a case-control design, a group of women who had experienced IPV and who were living in shelters (n = 50) were compared to a group of control women who had not experienced IPV (n = 50). All women completed the Temperament and Character Inventory–Revised and the Brief Symptom Inventory. Results Victims of IPV showed significantly higher levels of Harm Avoidance and Self-Transcendence, and lower levels of Reward Dependence and Self-Directedness, than the non-IPV control group. Victims of IPV also reported elevated levels of psychopathological symptoms. Personality dimensions showed a broadly consistent pattern of associations across different psychopathological symptoms. A regression analysis indicated that Novelty Seeking was negatively associated with psychopathological symptoms in victims of IPV, but not significantly associated in non-victims. Conclusions The study highlights the important role of Harm Avoidance and Self-Directedness for understanding psychopathological symptoms. Novelty Seeking appears to play an important role in the expression of individuals’ experiences of IPV. These results have important implications for research and practice, particularly the development and implementation of interventions.

scholarly journals Association between neurological soft signs, temperament and character in patients with schizophrenia and non-psychotic relatives

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liliana Galindo ◽  
Francisco Pastoriza ◽  
Daniel Bergé ◽  
Anna Mané ◽  
Marisol Picado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Biological Marker ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Temperament And Character Inventory ◽  
Neurological Soft Signs ◽  
Character Inventory ◽  
High Risk Populations ◽  
Self Transcendence

The heritability of schizophrenia and most personality traits has been well established, but the role of personality in susceptibility to schizophrenia remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to test for an association between personality traits and Neurological Soft Signs (NSS), a well-known biological marker of schizophrenia, in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. For this purpose, we evaluated the NSS scale and personality measured by the Temperament and Character inventory (TCI-R) in three groups of subjects: 29 patients with schizophrenia, 24 unaffected relatives and 37 controls. The results showed that patients with schizophrenia were more asocial (higher harm avoidance and lower reward dependence), more perseverative (higher persistence), and more schizotypal (lower self-directedness and cooperativeness, higher self-transcendence). The unaffected relatives showed higher harm avoidance, lower self-directedness and cooperativeness than the healthy controls. Higher NSS scores and sub-scores were found in patients and non-psychotic relatives compared with the controls. Among all the patients, total NSS scores were positively correlated with harm avoidance but negatively correlated with novelty seeking and persistence. Total NSS were also correlated with low scores on self-directedness and cooperativeness, which are indicators of personality disorder. Our results show that susceptibility to NSS and to schizophrenia are both related to individual differences in the temperament and character features in non-psychotic relatives of patients with schizophrenia. High harm avoidance, low persistence, low self-directedness and low cooperativeness contribute to both the risk of NSS and schizophrenia. These findings highlight the value of using both assessments to study high risk populations.

scholarly journals Identification, capsular typing and virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida isolates from Merino lambs in Extremadura (Southwestern Spain)

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 117-124
Author(s):  
S. Fernandez ◽  
J. Galapero ◽  
L. Gomez ◽  
CJ Perez ◽  
A. Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Capsular Type ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Type D ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Capsular Typing

This report describes the prevalence, capsular type and virulence factors of Pasteurella multocida isolated from the respiratory tracts of healthy and diseased lambs. For this study, five hundred and ninety-eight fattening lambs from different feedlots of the community of Extremadura were analysed. Isolation and identification of P. multocida were performed using conventional bacteriological and biochemical techniques, while confirmation of P. multocida identification, capsular type and virulence factors was done using the polymerase chain reaction technique (PCR). Of 598 studied lambs (410 clinically healthy and 188 diseased sheep), P. multocida was isolated from 37 animals (6.2%), with prevalence rates of 0.49% (2/410) in healthy lambs and 18.62% (35/188) in diseased lambs confirming a close relationship between the presence of bacteria and disease. Capsular typing of P. multocida isolates demonstrated two capsular types: A (15) and D (22), with general prevalence rates of 40.5% and 59.5%, respectively, and with the exclusive presence of type D in healthy animals (100%) and types D and A among diseased animals (42.9% and 57.1%, respectively). Among four virulence genes investigated (pfhA, hgbB, tbpA and toxA), we found a remarkable high prevalence of tbpA (100%) (37/37) genes in P. multocida; toxA was only detected in some diseased lambs (11/37), while the rest of the studied genes were not detected. The high prevalence of toxA among isolates from diseased animals may imply an important role of this gene in the virulence of P. multocida isolates in sheep, especially in diseased lambs.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document