scholarly journals Beliefs of UK Transplant Recipients about Living Kidney Donation and Transplantation: Findings from a Multicentre Questionnaire-Based Case–Control Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pippa K. Bailey ◽  
Fergus J. Caskey ◽  
Stephanie MacNeill ◽  
Charles Tomson ◽  
Frank J. M. F. Dor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Deceased Donor ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Kidney Donation ◽  
Living Kidney Donation ◽  
Psychosocial Effects ◽  
Donor Kidney ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Deceased Donor Kidney Transplant ◽  
Control Study

Differing beliefs about the acceptability of living-donor kidney transplants (LDKTs) have been proposed as explaining age, ethnic and socioeconomic disparities in their uptake. We investigated whether certain patient groups hold beliefs incompatible with LDKTs. This questionnaire-based case–control study was based at 14 hospitals in the United Kingdom. Participants were adults transplanted between 1 April 2013 and 31 March 2017. LDKT recipients were compared to deceased-donor kidney transplant (DDKT) recipients. Beliefs were determined by the direction and strength of agreement with ten statements. Multivariable logistic regression was used to investigate the association between beliefs and LDKT versus DDKT. Sex, age, ethnicity, religion, and education were investigated as predictors of beliefs. A total of 1240 questionnaires were returned (40% response). DDKT and LDKT recipients responded in the same direction for 9/10 statements. A greater strength of agreement with statements concerning the ‘positive psychosocial effects’ of living kidney donation predicted having an LDKT over a DDKT. Older age, Black, Asian and Minority Ethnic (BAME) group ethnicity, and having a religion other than Christianity were associated with greater degree of uncertainty regarding a number of statements, but there was no evidence that individuals in these groups hold strong beliefs against living kidney donation and transplantation. Interventions should address uncertainty, to increase LDKT activity in these groups.

scholarly journals Pneumococcal Colonization Rates in Patients Admitted to a United Kingdom Hospital with Lower Respiratory Tract Infection: a Prospective Case-Control Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 944-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea M. Collins ◽  
Catherine M. K. Johnstone ◽  
Jenna F. Gritzfeld ◽  
Antonia Banyard ◽  
Carole A. Hancock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Lower Respiratory Tract ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Pneumococcal Colonization ◽  
Classical Culture ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Colonization Rates ◽  
Prospective Case Control Study

Current diagnostic tests are ineffective for identifying the etiological pathogen in hospitalized adults with lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). The association of pneumococcal colonization with disease has been suggested as a means to increase the diagnostic precision. We compared the pneumococcal colonization rates and the densities of nasal pneumococcal colonization by (i) classical culture and (ii) quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) targetinglytAin patients with LRTIs admitted to a hospital in the United Kingdom and control patients. A total of 826 patients were screened for inclusion in this prospective case-control study. Of these, 38 patients were recruited, 19 with confirmed LRTIs and 19 controls with other diagnoses. Nasal wash (NW) samples were collected at the time of recruitment. Pneumococcal colonization was detected in 1 patient with LRTI and 3 controls (P= 0.6) by classical culture. By qPCR, pneumococcal colonization was detected in 10 LRTI patients and 8 controls (P= 0.5). Antibiotic usage prior to sampling was significantly higher in the LRTI group than in the control group (19 versus 3;P< 0.001). With a clinically relevant cutoff of >8,000 copies/ml on qPCR, pneumococcal colonization was found in 3 LRTI patients and 4 controls (P> 0.05). We conclude that neither the prevalence nor the density of nasal pneumococcal colonization (by culture and qPCR) can be used as a method of microbiological diagnosis in hospitalized adults with LRTI in the United Kingdom. A community-based study recruiting patients prior to antibiotic therapy may be a useful future step.

scholarly journals Melanocytic Nevi, Nevus Genes, and Melanoma Risk in a Large Case-Control Study in the United Kingdom

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 2043-2054 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia A. Newton-Bishop ◽  
Yu-Mei Chang ◽  
Mark M. Iles ◽  
John C. Taylor ◽  
Bert Bakker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Melanoma Risk ◽  
Melanocytic Nevi ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Large Case

Relationship between sunbed use and melanoma risk in a large case-control study in the United Kingdom

2011 ◽  
Vol 130 (12) ◽  
pp. 3011-3013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Elliott ◽  
Mariano Suppa ◽  
May Chan ◽  
Susan Leake ◽  
Birute Karpavicius ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Melanoma Risk ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Sunbed Use ◽  
Control Study ◽  
Large Case

scholarly journals An outbreak of Salmonella saint-paul infection associated with beansprouts

1990 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. O'Mahony ◽  
J. Cowden ◽  
B. Smyth ◽  
D. Lynch ◽  
M. Hall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Control Study ◽  
Saint Paul ◽  
Case Control ◽  
Retail Sale ◽  
The Public ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Salmonella Virchow ◽  
The One ◽  
Control Study

SUMMARYIn March 1988, there was an outbreak of infection by a strain of Salmonella saint-paul with a distinctive antigenic marker. A total of 143 reports were received between 1 March and 7 June. Preliminary investigations suggested that raw beansprouts were a possible source of infection and a case-control study confirmed the association. S. saint-paul of the epidemic type was isolated from samples of beansprouts on retail sale in different cities in the United Kingdom and from mung bean seeds on the premises of the producer who was most strongly associated with cases. In addition, Salmonella virchow PT34 was isolated from samples of raw beansprouts and was subsequently associated with seven cases of infection. Four other serotypes of salmonella were also isolated from beansprouts. On 8 April the public were advised to boil beansprouts for 15 seconds before consumption, and the premises of the one producer associated with many cases were closed. As a result of these actions there was a significant decrease in the number of infections with S. saint-paul.

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