scholarly journals Meteorin-Like Protein (Metrnl) in Obesity, during Weight Loss and in Adipocyte Differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4338
Author(s):  
Andreas Schmid ◽  
Thomas Karrasch ◽  
Andreas Schäffler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Omega 3

Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is an adipo-myokine with pleiotropic effects in adipose tissue (AT). Its systemic regulation in obesity and under weight loss is unclear. Circulating Metrnl concentrations were analyzed by ELISA in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) or low calorie diet (LCD). Metrnl mRNA expression was analyzed in human and murine tissues and cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR. About 312 morbidly obese individuals underwent BS (n = 181; BMI 53.4 + 6.8 kg/m2) or LCD (n = 131; BMI 43.5 + 6.7 kg/m2). Serum samples were obtained at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. AT specimen from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were resected during BS. Serum Metrnl levels were lower in type 2 diabetic patients and negatively correlated with HbA1c. In BS and LCD patients, Metrnl concentrations significantly increased after 3 months and returned to baseline levels after 12 months. There was no gender-specific effect. Metrnl mRNA expression did not differ between visceral and subcutaneous AT in n = 130 patients. In contrast, Metrnl gene expression in mice was highest in intra-abdominal AT followed by subcutaneous, peri-renal, and brown AT. In the murine 3T3-L1 cell line, Metrnl expression was high in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes with a transient downregulation during adipocyte differentiation. Metrnl expression remained unaffected upon treatment with glucose, insulin, fatty acids, bile acids, and incretins. Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids downregulated Metrnl expression. Systemic Metrnl is transiently upregulated during massive weight loss and gene expression in adipocytes is differentially regulated.

scholarly journals Bariatric surgery can acutely modulate ER-stress and inflammation on subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic patients with obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ferraz-Bannitz ◽  
Caroline Rossi Welendorf ◽  
Priscila Oliveira Coelho ◽  
Wilson Salgado ◽  
Carla Barbosa Nonino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is the most effective and durable treatment option for population with severe obesity. The mechanisms involving adipose tissue may be important to explain the effects of surgery. Methods We aimed to identify the genetic signatures of adipose tissue in patients undergoing RYGB. We evaluated 13 obese, non-diabetic patients (mean age 37 years, 100% women, Body mass index (BMI) 42.2 kg/m2) one day before surgery, 3 and 6 months (M) after RYGB. Results Analysis of gene expression in adipose tissue collected at surgery compared with samples collected at 3M and 6M Post-RYGB showed that interleukins (Interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP1)) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) genes (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3) and Calreticulin (CALR)) decreased during the follow-up (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Otherwise, genes involved in energy homeostasis (Adiponectin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)), cellular response to oxidative stress (Sirtuin 1, Sirtuin 3, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)), mitochondrial biogenesis (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)) and amino acids metabolism (General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2)) increased from baseline to all other time points evaluated (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Also, expression of Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARϒ) (adipogenesis regulation) was significantly decreased after RYGB (P < 0.05) We also observed a strong positive correlation between PGC1α, SIRT1 and AMPK with BMI at 3M (P ≤ 0.01 for all) and ADIPOQ and SIRT1 with BMI at 6M (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that weight loss is associated with amelioration of inflammation and ERS and increased protection against oxidative stress in adipose tissue. These observations are strongly correlated with a decrease in BMI and essential genes that control cellular energy homeostasis, suggesting an adaptive process on a gene expression level during the caloric restriction and weight loss period after RYGB.

scholarly journals Selectivity of fatty acids on lipid metabolism and gene expression

1999 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Raclot ◽  
Hugues Oudart
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Control Of Gene Expression ◽  
Site Specific

Triacylglycerols represent the main form of storage for a wide spectrum of fatty acids. Their utilization first involves mobilization from adipose tissue through lipolysis. The release of individual fatty acids from adipose tissue is selective in vitro and in vivo in animal studies and also in human subjects. Generally, fatty acids are more readily mobilized from fat cells when they are short-chain and unsaturated. This selectivity could affect the storage of individual fatty acids in adipose tissue, and their subsequent supply to tissues. The nature of the dietary fats could affect lipid homeostasis and body fat deposition. Dietary fish oil influences adipose tissue development in a site-specific manner as a function of diet and feeding period. A diet high in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) results in a preferential partitioning of ingested energy towards oxidation at the expense of storage. Fatty acids are important mediators of gene expression in the liver. Indeed, genes encoding both glycolytic and lipogenic enzymes and key metabolic enzymes involved in fatty acid oxidation are regulated by dietary PUFA. White adipose tissue could also be a target for PUFA control of gene expression. The treatment of pre-adipose cells by fatty acids induces the expression of numerous genes that encode proteins involved in fatty acid metabolism. The mechanisms of PUFA-mediated repression of gene expression in adipocytes seem to be different, at least partly, from those described in liver. Tissue-specific and site-specific factors are possibly involved in the specific effect of PUFA on gene expression, although other mechanisms cannot be excluded.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and Browning

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana ◽  
Bimba Lakmini Goonapienuwala ◽  
Naima Moustaid-Moussa
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Metabolic Regulation ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Brown Adipose ◽  
Body Energy

White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Changes to mass and function of these tissues impact glucose homeostasis and whole-body energy balance during development of obesity, weight loss, and subsequent weight regain. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), which have known hypotriglyceridemic and cardioprotective effects, can also impact WAT and BAT function. In rodent models, these fatty acids alleviate obesity-associated WAT inflammation, improve energy metabolism, and increase thermogenic markers in BAT. Emerging evidence suggests that ω-3 PUFAs can also modulate gut microbiota impacting WAT function and adiposity. This review discusses molecular mechanisms, implications of these findings, translation to humans, and future work, especially with reference to the potential of these fatty acids in weight loss maintenance.

scholarly journals Bariatric surgery can acutely modulate ER-stress and inflammation on subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic patients with obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ferraz-Bannitz ◽  
Caroline Rossi Welendorf ◽  
Priscila Oliveira Coelho ◽  
Wilson Salgado ◽  
Carla Barbosa Nonino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Abstract Background Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the most effective and durable treatment option for severe obesity. The mechanisms involving adipose tissue may be important to explain the effects of surgery. Methods We aimed to identify the genetic signatures of adipose tissue in patients undergoing RYGB. We evaluated 13 obese, non-diabetic patients (mean age 37 years, 100% women, Body mass index (BMI) 42.2 kg/m2) one day before surgery, 3 and 6 months (M) after RYGB. Results Analysis of gene expression in adipose tissue collected at surgery compared with samples collected at 3 M and 6 M Post-RYGB showed that interleukins [Interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP1)] and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) genes [Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3) and Calreticulin (CALR)] decreased during the follow-up (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Otherwise, genes involved in energy homeostasis [Adiponectin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)], cellular response to oxidative stress [Sirtuin 1, Sirtuin 3, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)], mitochondrial biogenesis [Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)] and amino acids metabolism [General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2)] increased from baseline to all other time points evaluated (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Also, expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARϒ) (adipogenesis regulation) was significantly decreased after RYGB (P < 0.05). Additionally, we observed that PGC1α, SIRT1 and AMPK strongly correlated to BMI at 3 M (P ≤ 0.01 for all), as well as ADIPOQ and SIRT1 to BMI at 6 M (P ≤ 0.01 for all). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that weight loss is associated with amelioration of inflammation and ERS and increased protection against oxidative stress in adipose tissue. These observations are strongly correlated with a decrease in BMI and essential genes that control cellular energy homeostasis, suggesting an adaptive process on a gene expression level during the caloric restriction and weight loss period after RYGB. Trial registration CAAE: 73,585,317.0.0000.5440

scholarly journals Bariatric surgery can acutely modulate ER-stress and inflammation on subcutaneous adipose tissue in non-diabetic patients with obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Ferraz-Bannitz ◽  
Caroline Rossi Welendorf ◽  
Priscila Oliveira Coelho ◽  
Wilson Salgado ◽  
Carla Barbosa Nonino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor

Abstract Background: Bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), is the most effective and durable treatment option for severe obesity. The mechanisms involving adipose tissue may be important to explain the effects of surgery.Methods: We aimed to identify the genetic signatures of adipose tissue in patients undergoing RYGB. We evaluated 13 obese, non-diabetic patients (mean age 37 years, 100% women, Body mass index (BMI) 42.2 kg/m2) one day before surgery, 3 and 6 months (M) after RYGB.Results: Analysis of gene expression in adipose tissue collected at surgery compared with samples collected at 3M and 6M Post-RYGB showed that interleukins (Interleukin 6, Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and Monocyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP1)) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) genes (Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 alpha kinase 3 (EIF2AK3) and Calreticulin (CALR)) decreased during the follow-up (P≤0.01 for all). Otherwise, genes involved in energy homeostasis (Adiponectin and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)), cellular response to oxidative stress (Sirtuin 1, Sirtuin 3, and Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2)), mitochondrial biogenesis (Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC1α)) and amino acids metabolism (General control nonderepressible 2 (GCN2)) increased from baseline to all other time points evaluated (P≤0.01 for all). Also, expression of Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARϒ) (adipogenesis regulation) was significantly decreased after RYGB (P<0.05). Additionally, we observed that PGC1α, SIRT1 and AMPK strongly correlated to BMI at 3M (P≤0.01 for all), as well as ADIPOQ and SIRT1 to BMI at 6M (P≤0.01 for all).Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that weight loss is associated with amelioration of inflammation and ERS and increased protection against oxidative stress in adipose tissue. These observations are strongly correlated with a decrease in BMI and essential genes that control cellular energy homeostasis, suggesting an adaptive process on a gene expression level during the caloric restriction and weight loss period after RYGB.Trial registration: CAAE: 73585317.0.0000.5440

scholarly journals Plasma Osteopontin Levels and Expression in Adipose Tissue Are Increased in Obesity

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 3719-3727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gómez-Ambrosi ◽  
Victoria Catalán ◽  
Beatriz Ramírez ◽  
Amaia Rodríguez ◽  
Inmaculada Colina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Context: Obesity acts as a cardiovascular risk factor by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Osteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory mediator involved in tissue remodeling that plays a role in atherosclerosis and diabetes. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the circulating concentrations of OPN and its mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue of lean, overweight, and obese individuals and to analyze the effect of weight loss. Subjects and Methods: Plasma concentrations of OPN were measured in 77 volunteers. OPN mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue obtained from 12 women was quantified by real-time PCR. In addition, the concentrations of OPN in 12 obese men were measured before and after weight loss following a dietetic program. Setting: The study was conducted at a University Hospital. Results: Obese and overweight patients exhibited significantly increased circulating OPN concentrations as compared with lean subjects (obese 72.6 ± 28.5, overweight 68.2 ± 20.8, lean 42.7 ± 27.9 ng/ml; P &lt; 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between OPN levels and body fat (r = 0.45; P &lt; 0.0001). Obese individuals showed significantly increased (P &lt; 0.05) mRNA expression of OPN in omental adipose tissue as compared with lean volunteers, which was further increased in obese diabetic patients. Diet-induced weight loss significantly decreased OPN concentrations from 64.7 ± 22.1 to 36.6 ± 20.1 ng/ml (P = 0.006). Conclusions: These findings represent the first observation that plasma OPN and mRNA expression of OPN in omental adipose tissue are increased in overweight/obese patients with the latter being further elevated in obesity-associated diabetes. Moreover, weight loss reduces OPN concentrations, which may contribute to the beneficial effects accompanying weight reduction. Measurement of OPN might be useful for evaluating the outcomes of various clinical interventions for obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Dysregulation of endocannabinoid concentrations in human subcutaneous adipose tissue in obesity and modulation by omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helena L. Fisk ◽  
Caroline E Childs ◽  
Elizabeth A Miles ◽  
Robert Ayres ◽  
Paul S Noakes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fish Oil ◽  
Endocannabinoid System ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Metabolically Healthy Obesity ◽  
Metabolically Healthy

Obesity is believed to be associated with a dysregulated endocannabinoid system which may reflect enhanced inflammation. However, reports of this in human white adipose tissue (WAT) are limited and inconclusive. Marine long chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) have anti-inflammatory actions and therefore may improve obesity-associated adipose tissue inflammation. Therefore, fatty acid concentrations, endocannabinoid concentrations, and gene expression were assessed in subcutaneous WAT biopsies from healthy normal weight individuals (BMI 18.5 to 25 kg/m2) and individuals living with metabolically healthy obesity (BMI 30 to 40 kg/m2) prior to and following a 12-week intervention with 3 g fish oil/day (1.1 g EPA + 0.8 g DHA) or 3 g corn oil/day (placebo). WAT from individuals living with metabolically healthy obesity had higher n-6 PUFAs and EPA, higher concentrations of two endocannabinoids (anandamide and eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide), higher expression of PLA2G2D and PLA2G4A, and lower expression of CNR1. In response to fish oil intervention, WAT EPA increased to a similar extent in both BMI groups, and WAT DHA increased by a greater extent in normal weight individuals. WAT eicosapentaenoyl ethanolamide and docosahexaenoyl ethanolamide increased in normal weight individuals only and WAT 2-arachidonyl glycerol decreased in individuals living with metabolically healthy obesity only. Altered WAT fatty acid, endocannabinoid, and gene expression profiles in metabolically healthy obesity at baseline may be linked. WAT incorporates n-3 PUFAs when their intake is increased which affects the endocannabinoid system; however, effects appear greater in normal weight individuals than in those living with metabolically healthy obesity.

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