scholarly journals Plasma Osteopontin Levels and Expression in Adipose Tissue Are Increased in Obesity

2007 ◽  
Vol 92 (9) ◽  
pp. 3719-3727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javier Gómez-Ambrosi ◽  
Victoria Catalán ◽  
Beatriz Ramírez ◽  
Amaia Rodríguez ◽  
Inmaculada Colina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Omental Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Context: Obesity acts as a cardiovascular risk factor by mechanisms that are not fully understood. Osteopontin (OPN) is a proinflammatory mediator involved in tissue remodeling that plays a role in atherosclerosis and diabetes. Objective: The aim of the present study was to compare the circulating concentrations of OPN and its mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue of lean, overweight, and obese individuals and to analyze the effect of weight loss. Subjects and Methods: Plasma concentrations of OPN were measured in 77 volunteers. OPN mRNA expression in omental adipose tissue obtained from 12 women was quantified by real-time PCR. In addition, the concentrations of OPN in 12 obese men were measured before and after weight loss following a dietetic program. Setting: The study was conducted at a University Hospital. Results: Obese and overweight patients exhibited significantly increased circulating OPN concentrations as compared with lean subjects (obese 72.6 ± 28.5, overweight 68.2 ± 20.8, lean 42.7 ± 27.9 ng/ml; P < 0.001). A significant positive correlation was found between OPN levels and body fat (r = 0.45; P < 0.0001). Obese individuals showed significantly increased (P < 0.05) mRNA expression of OPN in omental adipose tissue as compared with lean volunteers, which was further increased in obese diabetic patients. Diet-induced weight loss significantly decreased OPN concentrations from 64.7 ± 22.1 to 36.6 ± 20.1 ng/ml (P = 0.006). Conclusions: These findings represent the first observation that plasma OPN and mRNA expression of OPN in omental adipose tissue are increased in overweight/obese patients with the latter being further elevated in obesity-associated diabetes. Moreover, weight loss reduces OPN concentrations, which may contribute to the beneficial effects accompanying weight reduction. Measurement of OPN might be useful for evaluating the outcomes of various clinical interventions for obesity-related cardiovascular diseases.

scholarly journals Meteorin-Like Protein (Metrnl) in Obesity, during Weight Loss and in Adipocyte Differentiation

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 4338
Author(s):  
Andreas Schmid ◽  
Thomas Karrasch ◽  
Andreas Schäffler
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Adipocyte Differentiation ◽  
Specific Effect ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Omega 3

Meteorin-like protein (Metrnl) is an adipo-myokine with pleiotropic effects in adipose tissue (AT). Its systemic regulation in obesity and under weight loss is unclear. Circulating Metrnl concentrations were analyzed by ELISA in severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS) or low calorie diet (LCD). Metrnl mRNA expression was analyzed in human and murine tissues and cell lines by quantitative real-time PCR. About 312 morbidly obese individuals underwent BS (n = 181; BMI 53.4 + 6.8 kg/m2) or LCD (n = 131; BMI 43.5 + 6.7 kg/m2). Serum samples were obtained at baseline and 3, 6, and 12 months after intervention. AT specimen from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were resected during BS. Serum Metrnl levels were lower in type 2 diabetic patients and negatively correlated with HbA1c. In BS and LCD patients, Metrnl concentrations significantly increased after 3 months and returned to baseline levels after 12 months. There was no gender-specific effect. Metrnl mRNA expression did not differ between visceral and subcutaneous AT in n = 130 patients. In contrast, Metrnl gene expression in mice was highest in intra-abdominal AT followed by subcutaneous, peri-renal, and brown AT. In the murine 3T3-L1 cell line, Metrnl expression was high in pre-adipocytes and mature adipocytes with a transient downregulation during adipocyte differentiation. Metrnl expression remained unaffected upon treatment with glucose, insulin, fatty acids, bile acids, and incretins. Polyunsaturated omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids downregulated Metrnl expression. Systemic Metrnl is transiently upregulated during massive weight loss and gene expression in adipocytes is differentially regulated.

scholarly journals Effects of Weight Loss on Adipose and Muscular Neuropilin 1 mRNA Expression in Obesity: Potential Implication in SARS-CoV-2 Infections?

Obesity Facts ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Dominik Soll ◽  
Finja Beer ◽  
Leonard Spranger ◽  
Linna Li ◽  
Joachim Spranger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Neuropilin 1 ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Short And Long Term

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Neuropilin 1 (NRP-1) is a novel co-receptor promoting SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. Animal data indicate a role in trans-endothelial lipid transport and storage. As human data are sparse, we aimed to assess the role of NRP-1 in 2 metabolic active tissues in human obesity and in the context of weight loss-induced short- and long-term metabolic changes. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> After a standardized 12-week weight reduction program, 143 subjects (age &#x3e;18; body mass index ≥27 kg/m<sup>2</sup>, 78% female) were randomized to a 12-month lifestyle intervention or a control group using a stratified randomization scheme. This was followed by 6-month follow-up without any intervention. Phenotyping was performed before and after weight loss, after 12-month intervention and after subsequent 6 months of follow-up. Tissue-specific insulin sensitivity was estimated by HOMA-IR (whole body and mostly driven by liver), insulin sensitivity index (ISI)<sub>Clamp</sub> (predominantly skeletal muscle), and free fatty acid (FFA) suppression during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp (FFA<sub>Supp</sub>) (predominantly adipose tissue). NRP-1 mRNA expression was measured in subcutaneous adipose tissue (NRP-1<sub>AT</sub>) and skeletal muscle (NRP-1<sub>SM</sub>) before and after weight loss. <b><i>Results:</i></b> NRP-1 was highly expressed in adipose tissue (7,893 [7,303–8,536] counts), but neither NRP-1<sub>AT</sub> nor NRP-1<sub>SM</sub> were related to estimates of obesity. Higher NRP-1<sub>AT</sub> was associated with stronger FFA<sub>Supp</sub> (<i>r</i> = −0.343, <i>p</i> = 0.003) and a tendency to higher ISI<sub>Clamp</sub> (<i>r</i> = 0.202, <i>p</i> = 0.085). Weight loss induced a decline of NRP-1<sub>AT</sub> but not NRP-1<sub>SM</sub>. This was more pronounced in subjects with stronger reduction of adipose ACE-2 mRNA expression (<i>r</i> = 0.250; <i>p</i> = 0.032) but was not associated with short- and long-term improvement of FFA<sub>Supp</sub> and ISI<sub>Clamp</sub>. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> NRP-1<sub>AT</sub> is related to adipose insulin sensitivity in obesity. Weight loss-induced decline of NRP-1<sub>AT</sub> seems not to be involved in metabolic short- and long-term improvements after weight loss. However, weight loss-induced reduction of both NRP-1<sub>AT</sub> and ACE-2<sub>AT</sub> indicates a lower susceptibility of adipose tissue for SARS-CoV-2 after body weight reduction.

scholarly journals Regional adipose tissue hormone/cytokine production before and after weight loss in abdominally obese women

Obesity ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 1679-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tongjian You ◽  
Xuewen Wang ◽  
Karin M. Murphy ◽  
Mary F. Lyles ◽  
Jamehl L. Demons ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Obese Women ◽  
Before And After

scholarly journals Dynamics of adipose tissue changes measured by MRI in obese patients during Reduxin treatment

2012 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 39-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
T I Romantsova ◽  
I V Poluboyarinova ◽  
O V Roik
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Dynamic Assessment ◽  
Randomized Study ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Anthropometric Parameters ◽  
Imaging Results ◽  
Clinically Significant

Objective. To study the influence of the drug Reduxine in obese patients on the distribution of adipose tissue measured by MRI. Methods. In an open, prospective, non-randomized study duration of 20 weeks included 31 obese patients aged 20 to 65 years. During the study, the anthropometric parameters and the dynamics of the area of adipose tissue by means of MR imaging. Results. Weight loss in patients averaged 9.0 kg. Clinically significant weight loss reached 23 people (79%). Median reduction in waist circumference was 10 cm. Dynamic assessment of adipose tissue by MRI was performed in 17 patients. Reduxine treatment induced statistically significant decrease of both visceral and subcutaneous fat. Conclusions. According to the results of MRI, the reduction in waist circumference in patients receiving Reduxine occurred by reducing the number of both subcutaneous and visceral fat in the abdominal area.

scholarly journals Osteopontin Expression in Human and Murine Obesity: Extensive Local Up-Regulation in Adipose Tissue but Minimal Systemic Alterations

Endocrinology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 1350-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian W. Kiefer ◽  
Maximilian Zeyda ◽  
Jelena Todoric ◽  
Joakim Huber ◽  
René Geyeregger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Multifunctional Protein ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Obesity is associated with a chronic low-grade inflammation characterized by macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue (AT) that may underlie the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Osteopontin (OPN) is a multifunctional protein involved in various inflammatory processes, cell migration, and tissue remodeling. Because these processes occur in the AT of obese patients, we studied in detail the regulation of OPN expression in human and murine obesity. The study included 20 morbidly obese patients and 20 age- and sex-matched control subjects, as well as two models (diet-induced and genetic) of murine obesity. In high-fat diet-induced and genetically obese mice, OPN expression was drastically up-regulated in AT (40 and 80-fold, respectively) but remained largely unaltered in liver (&lt;2-fold). Moreover, OPN plasma concentrations remained unchanged in both murine models of obesity, suggesting a particular local but not systemic importance for OPN. OPN expression was strongly elevated also in the AT of obese patients compared with lean subjects in both omental and sc AT. In addition, we detected three OPN isoforms to be expressed in human AT and, strikingly, an obesity induced alteration of the OPN isoform expression pattern. Analysis of AT cellular fractions revealed that OPN is exceptionally highly expressed in AT macrophages in humans and mice. Moreover, OPN expression in AT macrophages was strongly up-regulated by obesity. In conclusion, our data point toward a specific local role of OPN in obese AT. Therefore, OPN could be a critical regulator in obesity induced AT inflammation and insulin resistance.

PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR-ACTIVATED RECEPTOR GAMMA AND GROWTH HORMONE SEGRETAGOGUE RECEPTOR-1A MRNA EXPRESSION IN ADIPOSE TISSUE OBTAINED FROM SEVERELY OBESE PATIENTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
Bianca Codrina Morarasu ◽  
Raluca Ecaterina Haliga ◽  
Daniel Timofte ◽  
Ioana Hristov ◽  
Iustina Silivestru-Cretu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator ◽  
Obese Patients ◽  
Peroxisome Proliferator Activated Receptor ◽  
Severely Obese

The Value of Urinary β-Thromboglobulin Measurements in Clinical Situations

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dawes ◽  
R.C. Smith ◽  
D. Borsey ◽  
D. Aronstam
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Hip Replacement ◽  
Normal Individual ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serial Samples ◽  
Positive Results

Plasma β-thromboglobulin (ß -TG) measurements are subject to occasional false high values arising during sampling and processing. In the normal individual urinary β-TG is maintained at a constant low level (0.14 ± 0.09 ng. ml-1), and elevations in this value reflect raised plasma concentrations. Plasma and urinary β-TG concentrations were measured in normal individuals, in 18 patients presenting with suspected deep venous thrombosis, and in 75 diabetic patients. Serial samples were also taken before and after 9 hip replacement operations. The results indicate that measurement of urinary β-TG concentration in patients may be a simpler and more reliable means of detecting platelet activation than assay of plasma samples. False positive results do not occur when urinary concentrations are measured, unless renal function is abnormal;grossly elevated values may even detect occult renal disease.

scholarly journals Investigating Intestinal Glucagon After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Surgery

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 6403-6416 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Jorsal ◽  
Nicolai J Wewer Albrechtsen ◽  
Marie M Christensen ◽  
Brynjulf Mortensen ◽  
Erik Wandall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastric Bypass ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Gastric Bypass Surgery ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Mucosal Biopsy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Biopsy Specimens ◽  
Before And After

Abstract Context After Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery, postprandial plasma glucagon concentrations have been reported to increase. This occurs despite concomitant improved glucose tolerance and increased circulating plasma concentrations of insulin and the glucagon-inhibiting hormone glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1). Objective To investigate whether RYGB-induced hyperglucagonemia may be derived from the gut. Design and Setting Substudy of a prospective cross-sectional study at a university hospital in Copenhagen, Denmark. Participants Morbidly obese individuals undergoing RYGB (n = 8) with or without type 2 diabetes. Interventions Three months before and after RYGB, participants underwent upper enteroscopy with retrieval of gastrointestinal mucosal biopsy specimens. Mixed-meal tests were performed 1 week and 3 months before and after RYGB. Main Outcome Measures The 29–amino acid glucagon concentrations in plasma and in mucosal gastrointestinal biopsy specimens were assessed using mass spectrometry–validated immunoassays, and a new monoclonal antibody reacting with immunoreactive glucagon was used for immunohistochemistry. Results Postprandial plasma concentrations of glucagon after RYGB were increased. Expression of the glucagon gene in the small intestine increased after surgery. Glucagon was identified in the small-intestine biopsy specimens obtained after, but not before, RYGB. Immunohistochemically, mucosal biopsy specimens from the small intestine harbored cells costained for GLP-1 and immunoreactive glucagon. Conclusion Increased concentrations of glucagon were observed in small-intestine biopsy specimens and postprandially in plasma after RYGB. The small intestine harbored cells immunohistochemically costaining for GLP-1 and glucagon-like immunoreactivity after RYGB. Glucagon derived from small-intestine enteroendocrine l cells may contribute to postprandial plasma concentrations of glucagon after RYGB.

scholarly journals Exercise Induced Adipokine Changes and the Metabolic Syndrome

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeid Golbidi ◽  
Ismail Laher
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Body ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Exercise Induced

The lack of adequate physical activity and obesity created a worldwide pandemic. Obesity is characterized by the deposition of adipose tissue in various parts of the body; it is now evident that adipose tissue also acts as an endocrine organ capable of secreting many cytokines that are though to be involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, insulin resistance, and metabolic syndrome. Adipokines, or adipose tissue-derived proteins, play a pivotal role in this scenario. Increased secretion of proinflammatory adipokines leads to a chronic inflammatory state that is accompanied by insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. Lifestyle change in terms of increased physical activity and exercise is the best nonpharmacological treatment for obesity since these can reduce insulin resistance, counteract the inflammatory state, and improve the lipid profile. There is growing evidence that exercise exerts its beneficial effects partly through alterations in the adipokine profile; that is, exercise increases secretion of anti-inflammatory adipokines and reduces proinflammatory cytokines. In this paper we briefly describe the pathophysiologic role of four important adipokines (adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, and IL-6) in the metabolic syndrome and review some of the clinical trials that monitored these adipokines as a clinical outcome before and after exercise.

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