scholarly journals Diagnostic and Prognostic Potential of MiR-379/656 MicroRNA Cluster in Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4071
Author(s):  
Megha Lal ◽  
Asgar Hussain Ansari ◽  
Anurag Agrawal ◽  
Arijit Mukhopadhyay
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Human Genome ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Differential Expression ◽  
Patient Survival ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Pathway Enrichment ◽  
Target Mrnas

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer globally and is one of the most important contributors to cancer-related deaths. Earlier diagnosis is known to reduce mortality, and better biomarkers are needed. MiRNA clusters often co-express and target mRNAs in a coordinated fashion, perturbing entire pathways; they thus merit further exploration for diagnostic or prognostic use. MiR-379/656, at chromosome 14q32, is the second largest miRNA cluster in the human genome and implicated in various malignancies including glioblastoma, melanoma, gastrointestinal tumors and ovarian cancer highlighting its potential importance. In this study, we focus on the diagnostic and prognostic potentials of MiR-379/656 in breast cancer and its molecular subtypes. Materials and Methods: We analyzed miRNA and mRNA next generation sequencing data from 903 primary tumors and 90 normal controls (source: The Cancer Genome Atlas). The differential expression profile between tumor and normal was analyzed using DeSEQ2. Penalized logistic regression modelling (lasso regression) was used to assess the predictive potential of MiR-379/656 expression for tumor and normal samples. The association between MiR-379/656 expression and overall patient survival was studied using Cox Proportional-Hazard Model. The target mRNAs (validated) of MiR-379/656 were annotated via pathway enrichment analysis to understand the biological significance of the cluster in breast cancer. Results: The differential expression analysis for 1390 miRNAs (miRnome) revealed 310 upregulated (22.3%) and 176 downregulated (12.66%) miRNAs in breast cancer patients compared with controls. For MiR-379/656, 32 miRNAs (32/42; 76%) were downregulated. The MiR-379/656 cluster was found to be the most differentially expressed cluster in the human genome (p < 10−30). The Basal and Luminal B subtypes showed at least 83% (35/42) of the miRNAs to be downregulated. The binomial model prioritized 15 miRNAs, which distinguished breast cancer patients from controls with 99.15 ± 0.58% sensitivity and 77.78 ± 5.24% specificity. Overall, the Basal and Luminal B showed the most effective predictive power with respect to the 15 prioritized miRNAs at MiR-379/656 cluster. The decreased expression of MiR-379/656 was found to be associated with poorer clinical outcome in Basal and Luminal B subtypes, increasing tumor stage and tumor size/extent, and overall patient survival. Pathway enrichment for the validated targets of MiR-379/656 was significant for cancer-related pathways, especially DNA repair, transcriptional regulation by p53 and cell cycle checkpoints (adjusted p-value < 0.05). Conclusions: Genome informatics analysis of high throughput data for MiR-379/656 cluster has shown that a subset of 15 miRNAs from MiR-379/656 cluster can be used for the diagnostic and prognostic purpose of breast cancer and its subtypes—especially in Basal and Luminal B.

Analysis of disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) in primary breast cancer patients with various molecular subtypes.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13000-e13000
Author(s):  
Ivonne Nel ◽  
Laura Weydandt ◽  
Annekathrin Höhn ◽  
Bahriye Aktas
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Primary Breast Cancer ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Primary Tumors ◽  
Luminal B

e13000 Background: Despite successful treatment of the primary tumor, recurrence occurs in about 30% of breast cancer patients. One reason might be hematogenous spread during early disease stages. Disseminated breast cancer cells (DTCs) preferentially migrate into the bone marrow (BM) at early stages of the disease. Due to low proliferation, DTCs are persistent against systemic chemotherapy and might cause metastatic relapse at a later stage. Methods: BM aspirates were collected from the anterior iliac crest of patients with primary mamma carcinoma during surgery. After density gradient centrifugation cell suspensions were transferred onto glass slides and subjected to immunocytochemical staining against pan-cytokeratin. DTCs were visualized in pink using alkaline phosphatase and short counterstaining with hematoxylin which colored the nuclei light blue. DTCs were semi-automatically detected and enumerated using the Aperio Versa microscope based scanning system with a rare events algorithm that was trained to identify DTC candidates according to color, shape, intensity and size. As a positive control with each run, we used reference slides with a mix of bone marrow cells and a defined number of HCT116 cells. Results: Between February 2019 and December 2020 BM aspirates from 158 primary breast cancer patients were collected. Per patient about 4 million BM cells were analyzed. DTC detection revealed a positivity rate of 29% (46 patients). Molecular subtype analysis of DTC positive patients showed that 37% of the primary tumors (17 patients) were luminal A and 37% (17 patients) luminal B. In 9% of the cases (4 patients), tumors were HER2 enriched and 15% (8 patients) were triple negative. DTC count indicated that the majority of luminal B patients had 11-20 DTCs whereas luminal A patients tended to have lower DTC quantities varying between 1 and 10 DTCs. Conclusions: DTCs may serve as independent prognostic markers. Follow-Up data might reveal whether DTC quantification and molecular subtypes at primary diagnosis can be used to stratify patients at elevated risk for recurrence.

A score based in toll-like receptors expression to predict prognostic in molecular subtypes of breast cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e22165-e22165
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Pinto ◽  
Claudio J. Flores ◽  
Priscila I. Valdiviezo ◽  
Rodolfo Velazco ◽  
MIguel Garay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Cox Model ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Toll Like Receptors ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Cut Points ◽  
Luminal B

e22165 Background: To evaluate toll-like receptors (TLRs1-9) and IRAK 1,3 and 4 expression in a breast cancer patients dataset that were treated with NAC as prognostic factors in terms of recurrence-free survival (RFS). Methods: Weretrieved normalized gene expression data from a public database (GEO: GSE25066) that includes 253 samples of breast cancer patients treated with NAC (antracyclines/taxanes) profiled with the U133A microarray. The median of RFS was 3.2 years (52 relapses observed). Distribution of molecular subtypes was: Luminal A (31.2%), Luminal B (17.4%), HER2 (7.1%), Basal (36.4%) and Normal (7.9%). We build a ratio of target gene/reference gen (ATCB) with to obtain replicable cut-points in other datasets. Levels of Gene expression were divided in three cut-points (Q1, Q2, and Q3). A cox-model was used to select gene expression cut-points with significant effects in the RFS. Results: According to molecular subtypes, there were significant differences in expression of TLR5 (higher in basal and Luminal A), TLR6 and IRAK1 (higher in basal and HER2). There were not differences of expression according to the pathologic response. The multivariate analysis shown that genes associated with the RFS were: TLR5 (HR=2.1 for the lower quartile), TLR6 (HR=2.4 for upper Q2), IRAK1 (HR=2.0 for upper quartile) and IRAK 3 (HR=2.2 for upper Q2). A TLR-Score was constructed (1 point added for each unfavorable gene-group). Cases were grouped in two categories (score 0-1 as good prognostic and score ≥ 2 as poor prognostic). There were and overall significant differences in both score-groups (poor prognostic: HR=4.9). In Basal and luminal B tumors there were significant differences (logrank test: P<0.001 and P=0.014, respectively), in HER2 tumors there were differences although not significant (P=0.143). There were not differences in Luminal A tumors. Conclusions: These data support the exploration of a TLR expression-based score to predict for RFS in breast cancer treated with NAC.

scholarly journals Biological Subtypes and Distant Relapse Pattern in Breast Cancer Patients After Curative Surgery (Study of Anatolian Society of Medical Oncology)

Breast Care ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 248-252 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammet A. Kaplan ◽  
Ulku Y. Arslan ◽  
Abdurrahman Işıkdogan ◽  
Faysal Dane ◽  
Berna Oksuzoglu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Curative Surgery ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Distant Relapse

Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the association between the molecular subtypes and patterns of relapse in breast cancer patients who had undergone curative surgery. Methods: We retrospectively evaluated 1,350 breast cancer patients with relapses after curative surgery between 1998 and 2012 from referral centers in Turkey. Patients were divided into 4 biological subtypes according to immunohistochemistry and grade: triple negative, HER2 overexpressing, luminal A and luminal B. Results: The percentages of patients with luminal A, luminal B, HER2-overexpressing, and triple-negative breast cancer were 32.9% (n = 444), 34.9% (n = 471), 12.0% (n = 162), and 20.2% (n = 273), respectively. The distribution of metastases differed among the subgroups: bone (66.2% and 53.9% in luminal A and B vs. 38.9% in HER2-overexpressing and 45.1% in triple negative, p < 0.001), liver (40.1% in HER2-overexpressing vs. 24.5% in luminal A, 33.5% in luminal B, and 27.5% in triple negative, p < 0.001), lung (41.4% in triple negative and 35.2% in HER2-overexpressing vs. 30.2% and 30.6% in luminal A and B, p = 0.008) and brain (25.3% in HER2-overexpressing and 23.1% in triple negative vs. 10.1% and 15.1% in luminal A and B, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Organ-specific metastasis may depend on the molecular subtype of breast cancer. Tailored strategies against distant metastasis concerning the molecular subtypes in breast cancer should be considered.

scholarly journals Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer Patients According to St Gallen Classification

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-58
Author(s):  
Shafatujjahan ◽  
Ifatujjahan ◽  
Rajat Sanker Roy Biswas
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Left Breast ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Her 2

Introduction: Breast cancer is a common malignancy among female in Bangladesh.But its molecular subtypes are not evaluated due to lack of expert investigationsupport. So objectives of the present study are to evaluate the molecular subtypesof breast cancer patients according to St Gallen classification in our contest. Materials and methods: It is retrospective study done among histopathologicallyproved 40 breast cancer patients visiting Medical Oncology and Radiotherapydepartment of Chattogram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital. Molecular subtypes wasevaluated by immunohistochemistry according to St Gallen Classification. Results: In this study a total of 40 cases of invasive female breast cancers wereincluded. Age of the patients ranged from 31-62 years, with a mean age of 41 ±13.5 years. ER expression was seen in 60% and PR in 55% of cases and Her-2/neupositivity in 16%. Majority (52.5%) of the tumors were located in the left breast. Thepercentage of ER but not PR positivity increased with age, though this differencewas not statistically significant. Majority of the cases were diagnosed at stage IIwith a percentage of 42.5%. Stage II tumors showed more ER and PR positivity.Among all 57.9% of ER positive and 49.5% of PR positive tumors were present while72.2% of tumors were negative for Her-2/neu. The triple-negative breast tumorswere more commonly found at grade 2. Regarding luminal status 14(35%) wasLuminal A, 5(12.5%) was Luminal B, 9(22.5%) was TNBC and 12(30%) was HER 2positive. Conclusion: In this study luminal A was the commonest molecular subtypes. LuminalA subtypes tumors had a long term risk of distant matastatic disease which can bereduced by hormonal treatment. Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.19 (1); January 2020; Page 55-58

scholarly journals Relationship of Histopathology Grading with Molecular Subtypes of Breast Cancer Patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital 2016-2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-37
Author(s):  
Muhammad Furqan ◽  
Pimpin Utama Pohan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Triple Negative ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal A ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Histopathological Grade ◽  
Luminal B

Background: Breast cancer symptoms are often not felt clearly by patients, as a result many patients who come in an advanced stage. This will affect the prognosis and cure rate of the patient. There are several factors that influence the prognosis of breast cancer, including histopathological grade, and classic immunohistochemical markers such as estrogen receptors, progesterone receptors, and HER2. In addition, breast cancer can be 4 main molecular subtypes, namely Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-Overexpression, and Triple Negative / Basal-Like. Objectives: This study aims to determine the relationship between histopathological grade with the molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients in Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in 2016-2018. Methods: This is analytical cross-sectional research using a consecutive-sampling technique. Data were obtained secondary from the medical records of breast cancer patients at Haji Adam Malik General Hospital in 2016-2018 and then analyzed with the chi-square test. From 1005 cases of breast cancer during the 2016-2018 period, 131 samples were taken in this study. Results: Of the 131 samples, the highest histopathological grade was grade 2 with 53 people  (40.5%), followed by 41 people (31.3%) with grade 3, and 37 people (28.2%) with grade 1. The most molecular subtypes were Luminal A with 38 people (29%), followed by 33 people (25.2%) with Luminal B, 31 people (23.7%) with HER-2 Overexpression, and 29 people (22.1%) with Triple Negative / Basal-like. From the analysis of the chi-square test obtained p value of 0.045. Conclusion: There is a relationship between histopathological grade with molecular subtypes of breast cancer patients. Keywords: breast cancer, histopathological grade, immunohistochemistry, molecular subtypes     Latar Belakang: Gejala-gejala kanker payudara sering tidak dirasakan dengan jelas oleh pasien, akibatnya banyak pasien yang datang dalam keadaan stadium lanjut. Hal ini akan mempengaruhi prognosis dan tingkat kesembuhan pasien. Terdapat beberapa faktor yang mempengaruhi prognosis dari kanker payudara, antara lain grading histopatologi, dan marker imunohistokimia klasik seperti reseptor estrogen, reseptor progesteron, dan HER2. Selain itu, kanker payudara dapat diklasifikasikan menjadi 4 subtipe molekuler utama, yaitu Luminal A, Luminal B, HER2-Overexpression, dan Triple Negative/Basal-Like. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara grading histopatologi dengan subtipe molekuler pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Haji Adam Malik Tahun 2016-2018. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik menggunakan desain cross-sectional dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive-sampling. Data diperoleh secara sekunder dari rekam medis pasien kanker payudara di RSUP Haji Adam Malik pada tahun 2016-2018 dan kemudian dianalisis dengan uji chi-square. Dari 1005 kasus kanker payudara selama periode 2016-2018, diambil sampel pada penelitian ini sebanyak 131 buah rekam medis. Hasil: Dari 131 sampel, grading histopatologi terbanyak terdapat pada grade 2 dengan 53 orang (40,5%) , diikuti 41 orang (31,3%) dengan grade 3, dan 37 orang (28,2%) dengan grade 1. Subtipe molekuler terbanyak yaitu Luminal A dengan 38 orang (29%), diikuti 33 orang (25,2%) dengan Luminal B, 31 orang (23,7%) dengan HER-2 Overexpression, dan 29 orang (22,1%) dengan Triple Negative/Basal-like. Dari hasil uji chi-square diperoleh nilai p sebesar 0,045. Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara grading histopatologi dengan subtipe molekuler pasien kanker payudara. Kata kunci: grading histopatologi, imunohistokimia, kanker payudara, subtipe molekuler

CHANGES IN THE NIPPLE-AREOLA COMPLEX IN PATIENTS WITH BREAST CANCER

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 593-597
Author(s):  
Aziz Zikiryakhodzhaev ◽  
Nadezhda Volchenko ◽  
Erik Saribekyan ◽  
Yelena Rasskazova
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Nipple Areola Complex ◽  
Histological Types ◽  
Areola Complex

The article presents data about the lesion of the nipple-areola complex in breast cancer. In 2015-2016 surgical treatment was performed in 101 breast cancer patients, different in size but with the mandatory removal of the nipple-areola complex. There are analyzed the dependence of the lesion of the nipple-areola complex from histological types of breast cancer, molecular subtypes, multicentricity, the location of tumor in the breast. The most significant criterion was the dependence of the lesion of the nipple-areola complex from the distance between tumor node and the nipple.

scholarly journals Human Plasma Metabolomics for Biomarker Discovery: Targeting the Molecular Subtypes in Breast Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 147
Author(s):  
Leticia Díaz-Beltrán ◽  
Carmen González-Olmedo ◽  
Natalia Luque-Caro ◽  
Caridad Díaz ◽  
Ariadna Martín-Blázquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Biomarker Discovery ◽  
Molecular Subtypes ◽  
Breast Cancer Subtype ◽  
P Value ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Clinical Value ◽  
Molecular Phenotypes

Purpose: The aim of this study is to identify differential metabolomic signatures in plasma samples of distinct subtypes of breast cancer patients that could be used in clinical practice as diagnostic biomarkers for these molecular phenotypes and to provide a more individualized and accurate therapeutic procedure. Methods: Untargeted LC-HRMS metabolomics approach in positive and negative electrospray ionization mode was used to analyze plasma samples from LA, LB, HER2+ and TN breast cancer patients and healthy controls in order to determine specific metabolomic profiles through univariate and multivariate statistical data analysis. Results: We tentatively identified altered metabolites displaying concentration variations among the four breast cancer molecular subtypes. We found a biomarker panel of 5 candidates in LA, 7 in LB, 5 in HER2 and 3 in TN that were able to discriminate each breast cancer subtype with a false discovery range corrected p-value < 0.05 and a fold-change cutoff value > 1.3. The model clinical value was evaluated with the AUROC, providing diagnostic capacities above 0.85. Conclusion: Our study identifies metabolic profiling differences in molecular phenotypes of breast cancer. This may represent a key step towards therapy improvement in personalized medicine and prioritization of tailored therapeutic intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Karakteristik Klinikopatologik Pasien Kanker Payudara dengan Metastasis Tulang di RSUP Sanglah pada Tahun 2014 - 2018

e-CliniC ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Putu Krishna B. S. Putra ◽  
I Wayan J. Sumadi ◽  
Ni Putu Sriwidyani ◽  
IG Budhi Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metastatic Breast Cancer ◽  
Bone Metastasis ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Invasive Carcinoma ◽  
Molecular Subtype ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Histopathological Type

Abstract: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in woman. Metastasis often occurs especially to the bones. This study was aimed to determine the characteristics of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. This was a descriptive study with a cross-sectional design. Samples were 46 breast cancer patients with bone metastasis recorded at Sanglah Hospital from 2014 until 2018. Data of pathological examination archives of Oncology Surgery Division Medical Faculty of Udayana University/Sanglah General Hospital were used to obtain the clinicopathological characteristics of metastatic breast cancer patients based on age, lateralization, histopathological type, and tumor molecular subtype. The results showed that most cases of metastatic breast cancer were aged 40-49 years as many 21 patients (45.7%), minimal difference in lateralization between right breast as many 22 patients (47.8%) and left breast 23 patients (50%). The most common histopathological type was invasive carcinoma of no special type as many 34 patients (73.9%). The most common tumor subtype was the luminal B subtype as many 21 patients (45.7%). In conclusion, most patients of breast cancer with bone metastasis were 40-49 years old, invasive carcinoma of no special type, molecular subtype of luminal B, and no significant difference between lateralization to the right and left breast.Keywords: breast cancer, bone, metastasis, clinicopathological caharacteristics Abstrak: Kanker payudara merupakan jenis kanker yang paling sering dijumpai pada wanita. Metastasis sering terjadi terutama pada tulang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik pasien kanker payudara dengan metastasis tulang di RSUP Sanglah Denpasar. Jenis penelitian ialah deskriptif dengan desain potong lintang. Sampel penelitian ialah 46 pasien kanker payudara dengan metastasis tulang yang tercatat di RSUP Sanglah tahun 2014-2018. Data diambil dari arsip hasil pemeriksaan patologi di Subdivisi Bedah Onkologi, Departemen/Kelompok Staf Medis (KSM) Bedah Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Udayana (FK UNUD)/RSUP Sanglah untuk mendapatkan karakteristik klinikopatologi pasien kanker payudara metastasis tulang berdasarkan usia, lateralisasi, tipe histopatologik, dan subtipe molekuler tumor. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kasus terbanyak terjadi pada rentang usia 40-49 tahun sebanyak 21 orang (45,7%), dengan lateralisasi tidak jauh berbeda antara payudara kanan sebanyak 22 orang (47,8) dan kiri sebanyak 23 orang (50%). Tipe histopatologik yang lebih sering ditemukan yaitu invasive carcinoma of no special type sebanyak 34 orang (73,9%). Subtipe molekuler yang paling banyak ditemukan ialah subtipe luminal B sebanyak 21 orang (45,7%). Simpulan penelitian ini pasien kanker payudara dengan metastasis tulang berada pada rentang usia 40-49 tahun, invasive carcinoma of no special type, subtipe molekuler luminal B. dan lateralisasi payudara kanan dan kiri tidak jauh berbeda.Kata kunci: kanker payudara, metastasis, tulang, karakteristik klinikopatologik

Integrated immune-related gene signature to predict clinical outcome for patients with luminal B breast cancer.

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e12526-e12526
Author(s):  
Xiaying Kuang ◽  
Du Cai ◽  
Ying Lin ◽  
Feng Gao
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Validation Cohort ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Gene Signature ◽  
Breast Cancer Patients ◽  
Training Cohort ◽  
Luminal B ◽  
Immune Related Gene ◽  
Immune Related Genes

e12526 Background: Luminal B breast cancer is always routinely treated with chemotherapy and endocrine therapy but heterogeneous with respect to sensitivity to treatment, identification of patients who may most benefit remains a matter of controversy. Immune-related genes (IRGs) was found to be associated with the prognosis of breast cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of IRGs in predicting the outcome of luminal B breast cancer patients. Methods: According to the Metabric microarray dataset also as a training cohort, 488 luminal B breast cancer patients were selected for generation of immune-related gene signature (IRGS). Another independent dataset (n=250) of patients with complete prognostic information was analyzed as a validation cohort. Prognostic analysis was assessed to test the predictive value of IRGS. Results: A model of prognostic IRGS containing 12 immune-related genes was developed. In both training and validation cohorts, IRGS significantly stratified luminal B breast cancer patients into immune low- and high-risk groups in terms of disease free survival (DFS, HR=4.95, 95% CI=3.22-7.62, P<0.001 in training cohort, HR=2.47, 95% CI=1.29-4.75, P<0.001 in validation cohort). Multivariate analysis revealed IRGS as an independent prognostic factor (HR=4.96, 95% CI=3.00-8.18, P<0.001 in training cohort, HR=2.56, 95% CI=1.28-5.09, P=0.007 in validation cohort). Furthermore, those 12 genes mostly related with response to chemical, and the expression levels of them were completely opposite in patients of immune low- and high-risk groups. Conclusions: The proposed IRGS is a satisfactory prognostic model for estimating DFS of luminal B breast cancer patients. Further studies are needed to assess the clinical effectiveness of this system in predicting prognosis and treatment options for luminal B breast cancer patients. This work was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81602520), Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2017A030313596).

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