scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation in Patients with HBV Infection or Other Chronic Liver Diseases: Update on Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2605
Author(s):  
Mattia Paratore ◽  
Francesco Santopaolo ◽  
Giovanni Cammarota ◽  
Maurizio Pompili ◽  
Antonio Gasbarrini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Liver disease and gut dysbiosis are strictly associated, and the pathophysiology of this bidirectional relationship has recently been the subject of several investigations. Growing evidence highlights the link between gut microbiota composition, impairment of the gut-liver axis, and the development or progression of liver disease. Therefore, the modulation of gut microbiota to maintain homeostasis of the gut-liver axis could represent a potential instrument to halt liver damage, modify the course of liver disease, and improve clinical outcomes. Among all the methods available to achieve this purpose, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is one of the most promising, being able to directly reshape the recipient’s gut microbial communities. In this review, we report the main characteristics of gut dysbiosis and its pathogenetic consequences in cirrhotic patients, discussing the emerging data on the application of FMT for liver disease in different clinical settings.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Gut and Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease: The Role of Gut Microbiota Modulation Strategies

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 690
Author(s):  
Umair Shabbir ◽  
Muhammad Sajid Arshad ◽  
Aysha Sameen ◽  
Deog-Hwan Oh
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Inflammatory Responses ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Dynamic Population

The gut microbiota (GM) represents a diverse and dynamic population of microorganisms and about 100 trillion symbiotic microbial cells that dwell in the gastrointestinal tract. Studies suggest that the GM can influence the health of the host, and several factors can modify the GM composition, such as diet, drug intake, lifestyle, and geographical locations. Gut dysbiosis can affect brain immune homeostasis through the microbiota–gut–brain axis and can play a key role in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases, including dementia and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The relationship between gut dysbiosis and AD is still elusive, but emerging evidence suggests that it can enhance the secretion of lipopolysaccharides and amyloids that may disturb intestinal permeability and the blood–brain barrier. In addition, it can promote the hallmarks of AD, such as oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, amyloid-beta formation, insulin resistance, and ultimately the causation of neural death. Poor dietary habits and aging, along with inflammatory responses due to dysbiosis, may contribute to the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, GM modulation through diet, probiotics, or fecal microbiota transplantation could represent potential therapeutics in AD. In this review, we discuss the role of GM dysbiosis in AD and potential therapeutic strategies to modulate GM in AD.

scholarly journals HUMAN GUT MICROBIOTA AND ITS EFFECTS ON HUMAN HEALTH IN NORMAL AND PATHOLOGICAL CONDITIONS

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 185-193
Author(s):  
Anca Magdalena Munteanu ◽  
◽  
Raluca Cursaru ◽  
Loreta Guja ◽  
Simona Carniciu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Diseases ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Human Host ◽  
Human Gut Microbiota

The medical research of the last 1-2 decades allows us to look at the human gut microbiota and microbiome as to a structure that can promote health and sometimes initiate disease. It works like an endocrine organ: releasing specific metabolites, using environmental inputs, e.g. diet, or acting through its structural compounds, that signal human host receptors, to finally contributing to the pathogenesis of several gastrointestinal and non-gastrointestinal diseases. The same commensal microbes were found as shapers of the human host response to drugs (cardiovascular, oncology etc.). New technologies played an important role in these achievements, facilitating analysis of the genetic and metabolic profile of this microbial community. Once the inputs, the pathways and a lot of human host receptors were highlighted, the scientists were encouraged to go further into research, in order to develop new pathogenic therapies, targeting the human gut flora. Dual therapies, evolving these “friend microbes”, are another actual research subjects. This review gives an update on the current knowledge in the area of microbiota disbalances under environmental factors, the contribution of gut microbiota and microbiome to the pathogenesis of obesity, obesity associated metabolic disorders and cardiovascular disease, as well as new perspectives in preventing and treating these diseases, with high prevalence in contemporary, economically developed societies. It brings the latest and most relevant evidences relating to: probiotics, prebiotics, polyphenols and fecal microbiota transplantation, dietary nutrient manipulation, microbial as well as human host enzyme manipulation, shaping human responses to currently used drugs, manipulating the gut microbiome by horizontal gene transfer.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Analyses Reveal That Aging-related Alterations in the Intestinal Environment Lead to Gut Dysbiosis With the Potential to Induce Obesity

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Nakanishi ◽  
Ryouko Nozu ◽  
Masami Ueno ◽  
Kyoji Hioki ◽  
Chiharu Ishii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Middle Age ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Cellular Functions ◽  
Intestinal Environment ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Specific Pathogen

Abstract Background: Aging is a progressive decline of cellular functions that ultimately affects whole-body homeostasis. Alterations in the gut microbiota associated with aging have been reported, however the molecular basis of the relationships between host aging and the gut microbiota is poorly understood.Result: By using longitudinal microbiome and metabolome characterization, we show that the aging-related alterations in the intestinal environment lead to gut dysbiosis with a potential to induce obesity in mice. In middle-age mice, we observed more than a 2-fold increase in fecal carbohydrates derived from dietary polysaccharides and a significant reduction of gut microbial diversity resembling the microbiota characteristic of obese mice. Consistently, fecal microbiota transplantation from middle-age specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice into young germ-free (GF) mice resulted in increased weight gain and impaired glucose tolerance.Conclusion: Our findings provide new insights into the relationships between host aging and gut dysbiosis and may contribute to the development of a possible solution to aging-related obesity.

scholarly journals Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Controls Murine Chronic Intestinal Inflammation by Modulating Immune Cell Functions and Gut Microbiota Composition

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Burrello ◽  
Maria Rita Giuffrè ◽  
Angeli Dominique Macandog ◽  
Angelica Diaz-Basabe ◽  
Fulvia Milena Cribiù ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Experimental Colitis ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Microbiota Composition ◽  
Chronic Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Different gastrointestinal disorders, including inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), have been linked to alterations of the gut microbiota composition, namely dysbiosis. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) is considered an encouraging therapeutic approach for ulcerative colitis patients, mostly as a consequence of normobiosis restoration. We recently showed that therapeutic effects of FMT during acute experimental colitis are linked to functional modulation of the mucosal immune system and of the gut microbiota composition. Here we analysed the effects of therapeutic FMT administration during chronic experimental colitis, a condition more similar to that of IBD patients, on immune-mediated mucosal inflammatory pathways. Mucus and feces from normobiotic donors were orally administered to mice with established chronic Dextran Sodium Sulphate (DSS)-induced colitis. Immunophenotypes and functions of infiltrating colonic immune cells were evaluated by cytofluorimetric analysis. Compositional differences in the intestinal microbiome were analyzed by 16S rRNA sequencing. Therapeutic FMT in mice undergoing chronic intestinal inflammation was capable to decrease colonic inflammation by modulating the expression of pro-inflammatory genes, antimicrobial peptides, and mucins. Innate and adaptive mucosal immune cells manifested a reduced pro-inflammatory profile in FMT-treated mice. Finally, restoration of a normobiotic core ecology contributed to the resolution of inflammation. Thus, FMT is capable of controlling chronic intestinal experimental colitis by inducing a concerted activation of anti-inflammatory immune pathways, mechanistically supporting the positive results of FMT treatment reported in ulcerative colitis patients.

scholarly journals 2579. Impact on the Gut Microbiota of the Prolonged Antimicrobial Therapy in Patients with Bone and Joint Infection (BJI): Results From the OSIRIS Prospective Study in France

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. S896-S896
Author(s):  
Benoit Levast ◽  
Cécile Batailler ◽  
Cécile Pouderoux ◽  
Lilia Boucihna ◽  
Sébastien Lustig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Joint Infection ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Generation Cephalosporin ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Metagenomic Sequencing ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Prosthetic Joint ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background There is growing interest about the deleterious impact of antibiotics on loss of gut symbiosis, called dysbiosis. As patients with BJI require antibiotics usually during 6 to 12 weeks, it is of interest to determine whether dysbiosis is frequent in this population, and if it could potentially reversible or not. Methods Multicentric prospective cohort study in France (EudraCT 2016-003247-10) including patients with 3 categories of BJI: native, osteosynthesis-related and prosthetic joint infection (PJI). At the time of suspicion (V1), at the end of therapy (V2) and then 2 weeks after stopping therapy (V3), blood and fecal samples were collected. Extracted DNA from stool was sequenced using shotgun metagenomic sequencing based on illumina library and Iseq instrumentation. Data run through a dedicated pipeline in order to produce microbiome indexes such as Sympson or Shannon diversities indexes. Gut microbiome and inflammation markers were analyzed including fecal neopterin, a maker of gut inflammation. Results Concerning the 62 patients included (mean age, 60 years; mean duration of antibiotics, 66 days), 27 had native, 14 had osteosynthesis and 21 had PJI. The most frequently prescribed drug was a fluoroquinolone, followed by a third-generation cephalosporin and vancomycin. Stools from 42 of them were analyzed as per protocol. Overall, the mean Shannon richness index decreased from 0.904 at V1 to 0.845 at V2; the Bray-Curtis index underlined the difference in microbiome reconstitution at V3 in comparison with V1. We report significant microbiome loss of diversity at V2, that was reversible at V3 in patients with native BJI and osteosynthesis-related BJI, but not in patients with PJI (figure). Fecal neopterin increased between V1 and V2 (mean 221.6 and 698.1 pmol/g of feces, respectively) and then decreased at V3 (422.5 pmol/g), and could be a potential surrogate marker of gut dysbiosis. Of note, patients with abnormal CRP at the end of antibiotics had high neopterin values, that raises the hypothesis that abnormal CRP at the end of antibiotics could be in relation with gut dysbiosis rather than uncured BJI. Conclusion The impact of antibiotics on the gut microbiota of patients with BJI seems to be significant, especially in patients with PJI who could be candidate for fecal microbiota transplantation. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.

scholarly journals The Role of Gut Microbiota in Lung Cancer: From Carcinogenesis to Immunotherapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangjun Liu ◽  
Ye Cheng ◽  
Dan Zang ◽  
Min Zhang ◽  
Xiuhua Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Immune Homeostasis ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
And Function

The influence of microbiota on host health and disease has attracted adequate attention, and gut microbiota components and microbiota-derived metabolites affect host immune homeostasis locally and systematically. Some studies have found that gut dysbiosis, disturbance of the structure and function of the gut microbiome, disrupts pulmonary immune homeostasis, thus leading to increased disease susceptibility; the gut-lung axis is the primary cross-talk for this communication. Gut dysbiosis is involved in carcinogenesis and the progression of lung cancer through genotoxicity, systemic inflammation, and defective immunosurveillance. In addition, the gut microbiome harbors the potential to be a novel biomarker for predicting sensitivity and adverse reactions to immunotherapy in patients with lung cancer. Probiotics and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) can enhance the efficacy and depress the toxicity of immune checkpoint inhibitors by regulating the gut microbiota. Although current studies have found that gut microbiota closely participates in the development and immunotherapy of lung cancer, the mechanisms require further investigation. Therefore, this review aims to discuss the underlying mechanisms of gut microbiota influencing carcinogenesis and immunotherapy in lung cancer and to provide new strategies for governing gut microbiota to enhance the prevention and treatment of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Gastrointestinal disturbance and effect of fecal microbiota transplantation in discharged COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoqun Deng ◽  
Fengqiong Liu ◽  
Shanliang Ye ◽  
Xin Zhu ◽  
Xuesong He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
B Cells ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Post Infection ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Gastrointestinal Symptoms ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Psychological Disorder ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
General Distribution ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis

Abstract Background: Gastrointestinal manifestations and gut dysbiosis are prevalent after SARS-CoV2 infection.With the continuously increasing number of infected cases, more attention should be paid to this particular population in post-infection recovery.cWe aimed to investigate the potential beneficial effect of FMT on gastrointestinal symptoms, gut dysbiosis and immune status in discharged COVID-19 patients. Results: Gastrointestinal and psychological disorder (45.5%) were observed in COVID-19 patients during post-infection recovery, improvement of which were observed after FMT. Most of the lab results including blood routine and blood biochemistry, within the normal range. The general distribution of 69 different types of lymphocytes differed between before and after FMT. FMT exert significant effect on B cells which was characterized as decreased naive B cell ( P =0.012) and increased memory B cells ( P = 0.001) and non-switched B cells ( P = 0.012).The microbial community richness indicated by OTUs number, observed species and Chao1 estimators was marginally increased after FMT, whereas the community diversity estimated by the Shannon and Simpson index showed no significant changes after FMT. Gut microbiome composition of discharged COVID-19 patients differed from that of the general population at both phylum and genera level, which was characterized with a lower proportion of Firmicutes (41.0%) and Actinobacteria (4.0%), higher proportion of Bacteroidetes (42.9%) and Proteobacteriato (9.2%). FMT can partially restore the gutdysbiosis by increasing the relative abundance of Actinobacteria (15.0%) and reducing Proteobacteriato (2.8%) at the phylum level. At the genera level, Bifidobacterium and Faecalibacterium , which were dominant genera in the human gut microbiota and were beneficial for human health, had significantly increased after FMT. Conclusions: Gastrointestinal and gut dysbiosis were observed in COVID-19 patients during post-infection recovery. FMT can improve the immune functionality, restore the gut microbiota, alleviate gastrointestinal disorders, and may serve as a potential therapeutic and rehabilitative intervention for the COVID-19.

scholarly journals Xiao-Qing-Long Tang Prevents Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy, Fibrosis, and the Development of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Faction in Rats by Modulating the Composition of the Gut Microbiota

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guo-Feng Zhou ◽  
Yue-Hua Jiang ◽  
Du-Fang Ma ◽  
Yong-Cheng Wang ◽  
Jin-Long Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Oral Administration ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Compensatory Hypertrophy ◽  
Cardiomyocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Herbal Formula ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Background. Changes in the gut microbiota are associated with cardiovascular disease progression. Xiao-Qing-Long Tang (XQLT), a traditional herbal formula, has an anti-inflammatory effect and regulates the steady state of the immune system, which is also associated with the progression of heart failure with preserved ejection faction (HFpEF). In this study, we investigated whether XQLT could contribute to prevent the development of HFpEF and whether the modulation of the gut microbiota by this herbal formula could be involved in such effect. Methods. The gut microbiota, SCFAs, the histology/function of the heart, and systolic blood pressure were examined to evaluate the effect of XQLT on the gut microbiota and the progression of HFpEF after oral administration of XQLT to model rats. Furthermore, we evaluated, through fecal microbiota transplantation experiments, whether the favorable effects of XQLT could be mediated by the gut microbiota. Results. Oral administration of XQLT contributed to the reduction of elevated blood pressure, inflammation, and compensatory hypertrophy, features that are associated with the progression of HFpEF. The gut microbiota composition, SCFA levels, and intestinal mucosal histology were improved after treatment with XQLT. Moreover, fecal transfer from XQLT-treated rats was sufficient to prevent the progression of HFpEF. Conclusions. These data suggested that XQLT prevented the development of HFpEF in model rats by regulating the composition of the gut microbiota.

scholarly journals In Situ Profiling of the Three Dominant Phyla Within the Human Gut Using TaqMan PCR for Pre-Hospital Diagnosis of Gut Dysbiosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (6) ◽  
pp. 1916
Author(s):  
Young Jae Jo ◽  
Setu Bazie Tagele ◽  
Huy Quang Pham ◽  
YeonGyun Jung ◽  
Jerald Conrad Ibal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Emergency Services ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Novel Therapy ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Gut Dysbiosis ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Periodic Monitoring

A microbial imbalance called dysbiosis leads to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which can include ulcerative colitis (UC). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), a novel therapy, has recently been successful in treating gut dysbiosis in UC patients. For the FMT technique to be successful, the gut microbiota of both the healthy donors and UC patients must be characterized. For decades, next-generation sequencing (NGS) has been used to analyze gut microbiota. Despite the popularity of NGS, the cost and time constraints make it difficult to use in emergency services and activities related to the periodic monitoring of microbiota profile alterations. Hence, in this study, we developed a multiplex TaqMan qPCR assay (MTq-PCR) with novel probes to simultaneously determine the relative proportions of the three dominant microbial phyla in the human gut: Bacteroidetes, Firmicutes, and Proteobacteria. The relative proportions of the three phyla in fecal samples of either healthy volunteers or UC patients were similar when assessed NGS and the MTq-PCR. Thus, our MTq-PCR assay could be a practical microbiota profiling alternative for diagnosing and monitoring gut dysbiosis in UC patients during emergency situations, and it could have a role in screening stool from potential FMT donors.

scholarly journals Pancreatic Diseases and Microbiota: A Literature Review and Future Perspectives

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3535
Author(s):  
Marcantonio Gesualdo ◽  
Felice Rizzi ◽  
Silvia Bonetto ◽  
Stefano Rizza ◽  
Federico Cravero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Fecal Microbiota Transplantation ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Research Area ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Pancreatic Diseases ◽  
Rheumatologic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
The One

Gut microbiota represent an interesting worldwide research area. Several studies confirm that microbiota has a key role in human diseases, both intestinal (such as inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, intestinal infectious diseases, irritable bowel syndrome) and extra intestinal disorders (such as autism, multiple sclerosis, rheumatologic diseases). Nowadays, it is possible to manipulate microbiota by administering prebiotics, probiotics or synbiotics, through fecal microbiota transplantation in selected cases. In this scenario, pancreatic disorders might be influenced by gut microbiota and this relationship could be an innovative and inspiring field of research. However, data are still scarce and controversial. Microbiota manipulation could represent an important therapeutic strategy in the pancreatic diseases, in addition to standard therapies. In this review, we analyze current knowledge about correlation between gut microbiota and pancreatic diseases, by discussing on the one hand existing data and on the other hand future possible perspectives.

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