scholarly journals Prior Neurosurgery Decreases fMRI Estimates of Language Laterality in Patients with Gliomas within Anterior Language Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1491
Author(s):  
Monika M. Połczyńska ◽  
Bryan Ding ◽  
Bianca H. Dang ◽  
Lucia Cavanagh
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Prior Surgery ◽  
Wernicke’S Area ◽  
The Impact

The impact of previous surgery on the assessment of language dominance with preoperative fMRI remains inconclusive in patients with recurrent brain tumors. Samples in this retrospective study included 17 patients with prior brain surgery and 21 patients without prior surgery (38 patients total; mean age 43.2, SD = 11.9; 18 females; seven left-handed). All the patients were left language dominant, as determined clinically. The two samples were matched on 10 known confounds, including, for example, tumor laterality and location (all tumors affected Brodmann areas 44/45/47). We calculated fMRI language dominance with laterality indices using a whole-brain and region of interest approach (ROI; Broca’s and Wernicke’s area). Patients with prior surgery had decreased fMRI language dominance (p = 0.03) with more activity in the right hemisphere (p = 0.03) than patients without surgery. Patients with prior brain surgery did not display less language activity in the left hemisphere than patients without surgery. These results were replicated using an ROI approach in the affected Broca’s area. Further, we observed no differences between our samples in the unaffected Wernicke’s area. In sum, prior brain surgery affecting Broca’s area could be a confounding factor that needs to be considered when evaluating fMRI language dominance.

scholarly journals Tumor location and reduction in functional MRI estimates of language laterality

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Monika M. Połczyńska ◽  
Lilian Beck ◽  
Taylor Kuhn ◽  
Christopher F. Benjamin ◽  
Timothy K. Ly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Mri ◽  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Tumor Location ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Whole Brain ◽  
Language Dominance ◽  
Left Posterior ◽  
Language Laterality

OBJECTIVE Brain tumors located close to the language cortex may distort functional MRI (fMRI)–based estimates of language dominance. The nature of this distortion, and whether this is an artifact of numerous confounders, remains unknown. The authors hypothesized tumor bias based on laterality estimates independent of confounders and that the effects are the greatest for tumors proximal to Broca's area. METHODS To answer this question, the authors reviewed more than 1113 patients who underwent preoperative fMRI to match samples on 11 known confounders (tumor location, size, type, and grade; seizure history; prior neurosurgery; aphasia presence and severity; and patient age, sex, and handedness). The samples included 30 patients with left hemisphere tumors (15 anterior and 15 posterior) and 30 with right hemisphere tumors (15 anterior and 15 posterior), thus totaling 60 patients (25 women; 18 left-handed and 4 ambidextrous; mean age 47 [SD 14.1] years). Importantly, the authors matched not only patients with left and right hemisphere tumors but also those with anterior and posterior tumors. Standard fMRI laterality indices (LIs) were calculated using whole-brain and region of interest (ROI) approaches (Broca's and Wernicke's areas). RESULTS Tumors close to Broca's area in the left hemisphere decreased LIs independently of known confounders. At the whole-brain level, this appeared to reflect a decrease in LI values in patients with left anterior tumors compared with patients with right anterior tumors. ROI analysis replicated these findings. Broca's area LIs were significantly lower (p = 0.02) in patients with left anterior tumors (mean LI 0.28) when compared with patients with right anterior tumors (mean LI 0.70). Changes in Wernicke's area–based LIs did not differ as a function of the tumor hemisphere. Therefore, in patients with left anterior tumors, it is essential to assess language laterality using left posterior ROIs. In all remaining tumor groups (left posterior tumors and right hemisphere tumors), language laterality derived from the anterior language ROI was the most robust measure of language dominance. CONCLUSIONS Patients with tumors close to Broca's area showed more bilateral fMRI language maps independent of known confounders. The authors caution against the assumption that this reduced language laterality suggests no or little risk to language function following tumor resection in the left inferior frontal gyrus. Their results address how to interpret fMRI data for neurosurgical purposes, along with theoretical questions of contralesional functional compensation and disinhibition.

scholarly journals SURG-40. SURGICAL RESECTIONS IN BROCA’S AREA DO NOT LEAD TO BROCA’S APHASIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. ii212-ii212
Author(s):  
John Andrews ◽  
Nathan Cahn ◽  
Benjamin Speidel ◽  
Valerie Lu ◽  
Mitchel Berger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Brain Surgery ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Supramarginal Gyrus ◽  
Broca's Aphasia ◽  
Broca’S Aphasia ◽  
Language Evaluations ◽  
Lesion Symptom Mapping ◽  
Normal Speech

Abstract Brodmann’s areas 44/45 of the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG), are the seat of Broca’s area. The Western Aphasia Battery is a commonly used language battery that diagnoses aphasias based on fluency, comprehension, naming and repetition. Broca’s aphasia is defined as low fluency (0-4/10), retained comprehension (4-10/10), and variable deficits in repetition (0-7.9/10) and naming (0-8/10). The purpose of this study was to find anatomic areas associated with Broca’s aphasia. Patients who underwent resective brain surgery in the dominant hemisphere were evaluated with standardized language batteries pre-op, POD 2, and 1-month post-op. The resection cavities were outlined to construct 3D-volumes of interest. These were aligned using an affine transformation to MNI brain space. A voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping (VLSM) algorithm determined areas associated with Broca’s aphasia when incorporated into a resection. Post-op MRIs were reviewed blindly and percent involvement of pars orbitalis, triangularis and opercularis was recorded. 287 patients had pre-op and POD 2 language evaluations and 178 had 1 month post-op language evaluation. 82/287 patients had IFG involvement in resections. Only 5/82 IFG resections led to Broca’s aphasia. 11/16 patients with Broca’s aphasia at POD 2 had no involvement of IFG in resection. 35% of IFG resections were associated with non-specific dysnomia and 36% were normal. By one-month, 76% of patients had normal speech. 80% of patients with Broca’s aphasia at POD 2 improved to normal speech at 1-month, with 20% improved to non-specific dysnomia. The most highly correlated (P< 0.005) anatomic areas with Broca’s aphasia were juxta-sylvian pre- and post-central gyrus extending to supramarginal gyrus. While Broca’s area resections were rarely associated with Broca’s aphasia, juxta-sylvian pre- and post-central gyri extending to the supramarginal gyrus were statistically associated with Broca’s type aphasia when resected. These results have implications for planning resective brain surgery in these presumed eloquent brain areas.

Does the right hemisphere take over after damage to Broca’s area? the Barlow case of 1877 and its history

2003 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stanley Finger ◽  
Randy L. Buckner ◽  
Hugh Buckingham
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals fMRI Evidence for Cortical Modification during Learning of Mandarin Lexical Tone

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1019-1027 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Wang ◽  
Joan A. Sereno ◽  
Allard Jongman ◽  
Joy Hirsch
Keyword(s):  
Second Language ◽  
Inferior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Lexical Tone ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Language Functions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Cortical Regions ◽  
Wernicke’S Area

Functional magnetic resonance imaging was employed before and after six native English speakers completed lexical tone training as part of a program to learn Mandarin as a second language. Language-related areas including Broca's area, Wernicke's area, auditory cortex, and supplementary motor regions were active in all subjects before and after training and did not vary in average location. Across all subjects, improvements in performance were associated with an increase in the spatial extent of activation in left superior temporal gyrus (Brodmann's area 22, putative Wernicke's area), the emergence of activity in adjacent Brodmann's area 42, and the emergence of activity in right inferior frontal gyrus (Brodmann's area 44), a homologue of putative Broca's area. These findings demonstrate a form of enrichment plasticity in which the early cortical effects of learning a tone-based second language involve both expansion of preexisting language-related areas and recruitment of additional cortical regions specialized for functions similar to the new language functions.

scholarly journals Optical Mapping of Brain Activity Underlying Directionality and Its Modulation by Expertise in Mandarin/English Interpreting

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan He ◽  
Yinying Hu ◽  
Yaxi Yang ◽  
Defeng Li ◽  
Yi Hu
Keyword(s):  
Prefrontal Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Skills ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy ◽  
The Right

Recent neuroimaging research has suggested that unequal cognitive efforts exist between interpreting from language 1 (L1) to language 2 (L2) compared with interpreting from L2 to L1. However, the neural substrates that underlie this directionality effect are not yet well understood. Whether directionality is modulated by interpreting expertise also remains unknown. In this study, we recruited two groups of Mandarin (L1)/English (L2) bilingual speakers with varying levels of interpreting expertise and asked them to perform interpreting and reading tasks. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to collect cortical brain data for participants during each task, using 68 channels that covered the prefrontal cortex and the bilateral perisylvian regions. The interpreting-related neuroimaging data was normalized by using both L1 and L2 reading tasks, to control the function of reading and vocalization respectively. Our findings revealed the directionality effect in both groups, with forward interpreting (from L1 to L2) produced more pronounced brain activity, when normalized for reading. We also found that directionality was modulated by interpreting expertise in both normalizations. For the group with relatively high expertise, the activated brain regions included the right Broca’s area and the left premotor and supplementary motor cortex; whereas for the group with relatively low expertise, the activated brain areas covered the superior temporal gyrus, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), the Broca’s area, and visual area 3 in the right hemisphere. These findings indicated that interpreting expertise modulated brain activation, possibly because of more developed cognitive skills associated with executive functions in experienced interpreters.

scholarly journals Wernicke’s area and broca’s area in functional connectivity of language

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Villanueva Junes ◽  
Eduardo Barragan ◽  
Daniel Alvarez ◽  
Pilar Dies ◽  
Silvia Hidalgo Tobon
Keyword(s):  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Wernicke’S Area

Spatiotemporal Brain Activity During Hiragana Word Recognition Task

2011 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hisashi Toyoshima ◽  
◽  
Takahiro Yamanoi ◽  
Toshimasa Yamazaki ◽  
Shin-ichi Ohnishi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Activity ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Dipole Source ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Current Dipole ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Wernicke’S Area ◽  
The Right

The 19-channel Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) we recorded during recognition of hiragana (one type of Japanese phonetic characters) were simultaneously and independently presented as a word and a nonword to opposite eyes using a field-sequential stereoscopic 3D display with a liquid-crystal shutter, a word and a non-word were simultaneously and independently presented to the left (right) and the right (left) eyes, respectively. Each word consists of 3 hiragana characters. Three subjects were instructed to press a button when they understood the meaning of the visual stimuli after 3,000 ms poststimulus. Equivalent Current Dipole source Localization (ECDL) with 3 unconstrained ECDs was applied to the ERPs. In the case of right-handed subjects, the ECDs were localized to the Wernicke’s area at around 600 ms. In the case of left-handed subject, the ECD was localized to the Wernicke’s homologue. After that ECDs were then localized to the prefrontal area, the superior frontal gyrus, and the middle frontal gyrus. At around 800 ms, the ECDs were localized to the Broca’s area, then after that ECDs were relocalized to the the Wernicke’s area and to the Broca’s area.

scholarly journals PC3 - 191 Assessment of Preoperative Functional MRI Measurement of Language Lateralisation in Brain Tumour Patients

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (S4) ◽  
pp. S20-S20
Author(s):  
E. Kosteniuk ◽  
J.C. Lau ◽  
J.F. Megyesi
Keyword(s):  
Brain Tumour ◽  
Preoperative Assessment ◽  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Hemispheric Dominance ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Lesion Type ◽  
Wernicke’S Area ◽  
Verb Generation

This study aims to evaluate reliability of clinical functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in identifying language lateralisation index (LI), verified with Edinburgh handedness inventory (EHI), in brain tumour patients. Methods In this retrospective study, 31 of a single surgeon’s brain tumour patients over a 12 year period have been selected. Lesion type varied, 12 (39 percent) were high grade gliomas, 10 (32 percent) low grade gliomas, 3 (10 percent) meningiomas, and 6 (19 percent) other types. Patients underwent language fMRI paradigms for preoperative assessment, and a neuroimaging analyst was able to identify an LI value for at least one Brodmann area (BA). For each paradigm, a neuroimaging analyst attempted to calculate LI for Wernicke’s area (BA 22) and Broca’s area (BA 44 and 45). Results Of 113 total LI values, 66 (58 percent) were concordant to EHI-predicted hemispheric dominance. Reliability of language LI appears dependent upon the type of language task performed. Verb generation correctly identified Broca’s area in 18 patients (64 percent) and Wernicke’s area in 11 patients (61 percent), sentence completion correctly identified Broca’s area in 18 patients (72 percent) and Wernicke’s area in 9 patients (60 percent), and naming correctly identified Broca’s area in 7 patients (47 percent) and Wernicke’s area in 3 patients (27 percent). Conclusions Results show limited correlation between language LI determined by fMRI and EHI. The main limitation of this study is that language LI is being compared to EHI, rather than gold standard measure of hemispheric dominance (e.g. Wada).

scholarly journals Cortical folding in Broca's area relates to obstetric complications in schizophrenia patients and healthy controls

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1329-1337 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. K. Haukvik ◽  
M. Schaer ◽  
R. Nesvåg ◽  
T. McNeil ◽  
C. B. Hartberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Obstetric Complications ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Broca’S Area ◽  
Cortical Folding ◽  
Broca's Area ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Pars Triangularis ◽  
The Right

BackgroundThe increased occurrence of obstetric complications (OCs) in patients with schizophrenia suggests that alterations in neurodevelopment may be of importance to the aetiology of the illness. Abnormal cortical folding may reflect subtle deviation from normal neurodevelopment during the foetal or neonatal period. In the present study, we hypothesized that OCs would be related to cortical folding abnormalities in schizophrenia patients corresponding to areas where patients with schizophrenia display altered cortical folding when compared with healthy controls.MethodIn total, 54 schizophrenia patients and 54 healthy control subjects underwent clinical examination and magnetic resonance image scanning on a 1.5 T scanner. Information on OCs was collected from original birth records. An automated algorithm was used to calculate a three-dimensional local gyrification index (lGI) at numerous points across the cortical mantle.ResultsIn both schizophrenia patients and healthy controls, an increasing number of OCs was significantly related to lowerlGI in the left pars triangularis (p<0.0005) in Broca's area. For five other anatomical cortical parcellations in the left hemisphere, a similar trend was demonstrated. No significant relationships between OCs andlGI were found in the right hemisphere and there were no significant case–control differences inlGI.ConclusionsThe reduced cortical folding in the left pars triangularis, associated with OCs in both patients and control subjects suggests that the cortical effect of OCs is caused by factors shared by schizophrenia patients and healthy controls rather than factors related to schizophrenia alone.

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