scholarly journals Physicochemical and Bacteriological Quality of Public Swimming Pools in the Tamale Metropolis, Ghana

J ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-249
Author(s):  
Umar Farouk Mustapha ◽  
Seth Mensah Abobi ◽  
Gerard Quarcoo
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Swimming Pools ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Tamale Metropolis

The study focused on the physicochemical and bacteriological quality of public swimming pools in the Tamale Metropolis. Physicochemical properties such as pH, temperature, and conductivity, and bacteria counts—including total coliform, faecal coliform, Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus, and total heterotrophic bacteria—were analyzed for their conformity with required health standards. The results obtained were analyzed using Student t test and compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for safe recreational and drinking water. The highest and the lowest temperatures were recorded in April (32.53 °C) and February (28.16 °C), respectively. The lowest and the highest mean pH values were 4.04 and 6.13, which were below acceptable standards. The conductivity level varied from 469.1563 µS cm−1 to 928.1563 µS cm−1. While the pH did not conform to acceptable standards, temperature and conductivity were within the EPA and/or the WHO acceptable limits. The total coliform (TC) expressed in colony-forming units per 100 mL ranged from 0 to 397 (cfu/100 mL), faecal coliform (FC) 0 to196 cfu/100 mL, E. coli 0 to 52 cfu/100 mL, Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) 8 to 27 cfu/100 mL, and Total Heterotrophic Bacteria (THB) 44 to 197 (cfu/mL). TC, FC, E. coli, S. aureus, and THB counts in most of the samples complied with the bacteriological standards. However, the bacterial loads increased and exceeded the WHO and/or EPA standards as the number of bathers increased. Besides, there were positive correlations between physicochemical parameters such as temperature, pH, and bacterial loads. Most parameters studied met the acceptable standards of recreational water stipulated by the WHO and EPA. However, the presence of pathogenic organisms in the recreational waters at any point in time should be treated as a public health concern, and hence a call for routine monitoring and inspection of public swimming pools in the Tamale Metropolis.

scholarly journals Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in Curd Cheese Sold in the Northeastern Region of South America

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamiles Barreto de Deus ◽  
Ludmilla Santana Soares Barros ◽  
Ricardo Mendes da Silva ◽  
Wanessa Karine da Silva Lima ◽  
Danuza das Virgens Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
South America ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Mold And Yeast ◽  
Sanitary Conditions ◽  
Microbiological Analyses ◽  
Microbiological Data

The present study evaluated the microbiological and sanitary quality of curd cheese sold on the beaches of the Itaparica Island, Brazil, and verified whether a correlation exists between the commercialization conditions and the microbiological data. The research was performed between December 2015 and March 2017. Sixty samples of rennet-containing cheese were collected to estimate the populations of mesophylls, psychrotrophic microorganisms, mold and yeast, Staphylococcus aureus, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli. An observational analysis was performed during the collection, using a checklist to verify the sellers’ sanitary conditions and cheese marketing. A high nonconformity index was registered regarding aspects in the checklist. In the microbiological analyses, the number of mesophylls in raw and roasted samples ranged from 7,88 to 14,82 log CFU/mL, and those of psychrotrophs ranged from 2,80 to 3,84 log CFU/mL. Meanwhile, mold and yeast levels in the samples ranged from 8,06 to 5,54 log CFU/mL, S. aureus was detected at levels from 3,24 to 4,94 log CFU/mL, and the total coliform counts ranged from 4,48 to 7,18 log CFU/mL. The number of E. coli specimens ranged from 2,96 to 5,75 log CFU/mL. Microbial insecurity was noted for commercialized curd cheese, and the need for intervention was indicated.

scholarly journals The health-related microbiological quality of bottled drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 179-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel R. Kassenga
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Dar Es Salaam ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
Faecal Coliform ◽  
Coliform Bacteria

The consumption of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water in Tanzania has increased largely because of the deteriorating quality of tap water. It is uncertain whether these water products are safe for drinking. In this study, the microbiological quality of bottled and plastic-bagged drinking water sold in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania, was investigated. One hundred and thirty samples representing 13 brands of bottled water collected from shops, supermarkets and street vendors were analysed for total coliform and faecal coliform organisms as well as heterotrophic bacteria. These were compared with 61 samples of tap water. Heterotrophic bacteria were detected in 92% of the bottled water samples analysed. Total and faecal coliform bacteria were present in 4.6% and 3.6%, respectively, of samples analysed with a tendency for higher contamination rates in plastic-bagged drinking water. Microbiological quality of tap water was found to be worse compared with bottled water, with 49.2% and 26.2% of sampling points showing the presence of total coliform and faecal coliform organisms, respectively. The results suggest caution and vigilance to avert outbreaks of waterborne diseases from these types of drinking water.

Assessment of Garcinia kola seed as a natural material for water treatment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Microbial Reduction ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Natural Material ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Garcinia Kola ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Faecal Streptococcus

The coagulation and antimicrobial efficiency of Garcinia kola at different concentrations on turbid surface water samples collected from Ogbor Hill River in Aba was studied. Phytochemical analysis showed alkaloid content of 2.11±0.04% while saponin, flavonoid and tannin contents were 0.34±0.04%, 2.16±0.03% and 0.14±0.02%, respectively. Phenol content was 1.65±0.01%. The physicochemical and microbial analysis indicated that the water sample had temperature of 30.5±0.10 ℃, pH of 7.4±0.20, total dissolved solids of 161.54±1.13 mg/L, turbidity of 31.64±0.08 NTU, electrical conductivity of 221.4±0.35 μS/cm, biochemical oxygen demand of 5.87±0.03 mg/L, chloride content of 0.28±0.02 mg/L, nitrate content of 248.6±0.27 mg/L, nitrite content of 1.86±0.04 mg/L, 12.00±1.00 MPN/ml of Total Coliform, (7.67±1.00) x 102 CFU/ml of E. coli, (10.33±1.15) x102 CFU/ml of faecal streptococcus, (15.67±2.52) x 102 CFU/ml of Staphylococcus aureus and too numerous to count (TNTC) for total heterotrophic bacteria. However, microbial reduction after treatment with Garcinia kola seed extract at different concentrations ranged from 41.67–75.00% for total coliform, 34.81–73.92% for E. coli, 12.87-70.96% for Faecal streptococcus, 36.18–68.09% for Staphylococcus aureus and 45.30–65.81% for total heterotrophic bacteria. Garcina kola seed is non-toxic and does not significantly affect the pH and conductivity of the treated water.

scholarly journals The effect of container-biofilm on the microbiological quality of water used from plastic household containers

2003 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 101-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jagals ◽  
C. Jagals ◽  
T. C. Bokako
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Microbiological Contamination ◽  
Supply Source ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Storage Containers

Studies in Southern Africa have shown that even when microbiologically safe water is supplied to developing communities at communal standpipes, contamination by high numbers of pathogenic microorganisms may occur during the processes of fetching water from the supply source and storage during use at home, rendering such waters unsafe for human consumption. This study investigated the occurrence of biofilm in PVC storage containers as one possible reason for this deterioration, using heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform counts as well as turbidity as indicators. A second objective was to determine whether biofilm in water-storage containers could contribute to hazardous microbiological contamination indicated by Escherichia coli and Clostridium perfringens. Results indicated that increased microbiological contamination is associated with biofilm. The biofilm harbours heterotrophic bacteria, total coliforms and C. perfringens. E. coli could not be associated directly with the levels of biofilm in containers but rather appears to be introduced intermittently from the ambient domestic environment. When dislodged with the biofilm, these bacteria contributed substantially to the deterioration of the microbiological quality of supplied water stored in plastic containers.

scholarly journals Assessment of bacteriological quality and Escherichia coli O157: H7 in ready-to-eat street foods

Food Research ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 98-105
Author(s):  
S.R. Latchumaya ◽  
M.N.S.S. Hameed ◽  
P. Arkappan ◽  
R.J. Sreedharam ◽  
P. Sandrasaigaran
Keyword(s):  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Colony Count ◽  
Laboratory Service ◽  
The Public ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Legal Enforcement ◽  
Night Markets

Ready-to-eat (RTE) street foods are usually prepared well in advance (4-8 hrs) before the sale. Owning to minimal cooking procedures, cross-contaminations, and abused holding temperature and time, there is a high probability for deteriorating microbiological quality in these foods. Thus, this study was aimed to assess the bacteriological quality of RTE foods sampled from night markets and street stalls based on the guidelines provided by the Public Health Laboratory Service. A total of fifty samples (category 2, 3 and 4) were evaluated for aerobic colony count, total coliform, and E. coli. The pathogenic strain E. coli O157: H7 were examined using the multiplex PCR technique. It was noticed that category 3 and 4 RTE street foods were largely unsatisfactory for the coliform (>104 CFU/ mL) and E. coli count (>100 CFU/mL). In opposite, category 2 RTE street foods were unsatisfactory for the aerobic colony count (>105 CFU/mL) and E. coli (>100 CFU/ mL). However, there was no E. coli O157: H7 or Shiga-toxin producing bacteria reported in this study. The statistical analysis showed that in overall, category 3 and 4 RTE street foods were significantly at worsening bacteriological quality compared to category 2. Strict legal enforcement and amending the existing rules are needed to improve the quality of RTE street foods sold in the night markets and street stalls.

scholarly journals The effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri Metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Valentine N Unegbu ◽  
Ndubuisi O Nwachukwu ◽  
Emmanuel N Ugbo ◽  
Anthony C Ekennia
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Indicator Organisms ◽  
Monthly Basis ◽  
Imo State ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Sachet Water

The sale and consumption of sachet water is common in Owerri metropolis because the consumers believed it was safer than tap or borehole water.The aim of this study was to assess the effects of storage on the bacteriological quality of  sachet water produced, sold and consumed within Owerri metropolis, Imo State, Nigeria. Fifteen sachet water brands were investigated for a period of four months. They were collected within 24 hours of production and stored at ambient temperature for four months. Samples were taken on monthly basis for enumeration of total aerobic heterotrophic bacteria and indicator organisms using APHA and WHO analytical methods.  Bacteriological analysis showed that Clets brand had the highest Total heterotrophic bacterial count of 5.7X101cfu/ml, followed by Elevated and Crystal while Ricano had the least count of 3.2x101cfu/ml. Total heterotrophic bacteria and total coliform count decreased gradually in all brands throughout this period. Escherichia coli was isolated in three brands.  Results from the research indicates that 60% of the brands analyzed met the WHO guideline limit for drinking when stored at ambient temperature within eight weeks period. However, storage beyond this period led to diminished potability  of sachet water

A Survey of the Bacteriological Quality of Preroasted Peanut, Almond, Cashew, Hazelnut, and Brazil Nut Kernels Received into Three Australian Nut-Processing Facilities over a Period of 3 Years

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 402-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
SOFRONI EGLEZOS ◽  
BIXING HUANG ◽  
ED STUTTARD
Keyword(s):  
Health Concern ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Brazil Nuts ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Kernel Quality ◽  
Plating Method ◽  
Aerobic Plate Count

There is little information about bacteriological quality of preroasted kernels available in the public domain. An investigation of the bacteriological quality of preroasted peanut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, and Brazil nut kernels received into three Australian nut-processing facilities was performed over a period of 3 years. A total of 836 samples were analyzed for aerobic plate count, and 921 samples for Salmonella and Escherichia coli. The 921 samples included 653 peanut, 100 cashew, 60 almond, 60 Brazil nut, and 48 hazelnut kernels. There was no E. coli detected in any sample. Salmonella subsp. II (Fremantle) was detected in one raw almond sample. The aerobic plate count percentages of positive samples with counts above the detection level of the plating method used (100 CFU/g) for peanuts, almonds, cashews, hazelnuts, and Brazil nuts were 84, 78, 74, 50, and 45%, respectively. Of the samples containing more than this detection limit, the means were 4.5, 4.4, 3.1, 2.5, and 3.8 log CFU/g respectively. Although roasted kernel quality was not within the scope of this survey, raw microbial bioload would be expected to reduce on roasting. The bacteriological quality of preroasted peanut, almond, cashew, hazelnut, and Brazil nut kernels received into nut-processing facilities in Australia does not appear to suggest a public health concern.

scholarly journals Microbial Quality of Well Water in Upland and Riverine Communities of Rivers State, Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Nwankwo ◽  
M. Julie, Ovunda
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Health Assessment ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Common Disease ◽  
Well Water ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Fungal Organisms ◽  
Rivers State

In this study, health risk assessment of well water from twelve communities grouped into upland and riverine in Rivers State was carried out in several categories such as uses of water, skin infections and health assessment via questionnaire distribution. Malaria was recorded to be the most common disease related to water. Furthermore, water samples were collected and analysed for physiochemical, biochemical and pathological characteristics. The average pH was 7.52, an indication of neutrality. Several species of bacterial and fungal organisms were isolated and identified. The total heterotrophic bacteria (THB), total fungal and total coliform counts ranged from 14.0x104cfu/ml to 100.0x104cfu/ml, 3.2x103cfu/ml to 7.4x103cfu/ml and 4 cfu/100 ml to ≥2400 cfu/100 ml respectively. Morphological and biochemical observations revealed the presence of the following organisms: Aeromonas sp., Alcaligenes sp., Bacillus sp. Citrobacter sp. E. coli, Enterobacter sp, Klebsiella sp., Micrococcus sp., Proteus sp., Salmonella sp., Sarcina sp., Shigella sp., Staphylococcus sp., Streptococcus sp. and Vibrio sp. Staphylococcus sp. and Streptococcus sp. had the least percentage incidence of 8.3% while Vibrio sp had the most incidence of 100% in all the well water sampled. Well water is a source of pathogenic bacteria; hence, it is recommended that consistent water quality studies should be conducted on all the well water in the communities at least once in a year. Well water should also be treated before use to avoid the outbreak of water borne diseases.

scholarly journals Bacteriological Quality of Groundwater in Imiringi Town, Bayelsa State, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-40
Author(s):  
Enetimi Idah Seiyaboh ◽  
Felix Okponanabofa Youkparigha ◽  
Sylvester Chibueze Izah ◽  
Ikpilavi Deborah Daniels
Keyword(s):  
Heterotrophic Bacteria ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
World Health ◽  
Aeromonas Species ◽  
Public Health Importance ◽  
Klebsiella Species ◽  
Allowable Limit ◽  
Bacteriological Quality ◽  
Significant Difference

This study evaluated the bacteriological quality of groundwater from Imiringi in Ogbia Local government area of Bayelsa State, Nigeria. Groundwater samples were obtained in triplicates from four locations in the study area and analyzed for the bacteria quality using standard protocols. Results showed that the microbial density ranged from 2.97 – 6.03 x 104 cfu/ml (for total heterotrophic bacteria counts), 4.17 – 5.43 x 102 cfu/ml (for Enterobacteriaceae bacteria counts) and 0.00 – 1.48 x 102 cfu/ml (for Salmonella-Shigella counts). Statistically, there was no significant difference (p>0.05) across the various locations for each of the parameters. The density observed were higher than the allowable limit of 1.0 x 102 cfu/ml for drinking water as recommended by World Health Organization/Food and Agricultural Organization, and maximum permissible level of 10cfu/ml for total coliform as specified by Standard Organization of Nigeria. The prevalence of bacteria isolated in the water samples were Aeromonas species (8.00%), Citrobacter species (7.50%), Escherichiacoli (20.75%), Klebsiella species (5.50%), Pseudomonas species (12.00%), Salmonella species (2.25%), Shigella species (3.25%) and Staphylococcus species (40.75%). From the bacteria density and diversity, the water is not potable. Some of the bacterial found are of public health importance. Hence, there is a need to adequately treat the water using chlorination and boiling techniques before drinking.

scholarly journals Microbiological Quality of Local Market Vended Freshly Squeezed Fruit Juices in Dhaka City, Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 421-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Shakir Uddin Ahmed ◽  
Tania Nasreen ◽  
Badrunnessa Feroza ◽  
Sahana Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Viable Count ◽  
Fruit Juices ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Dhaka City ◽  
E Coli

Freshly squeezed or freshly prepared fruit juices sold by local market vendors in Dhaka city were analyzed for the microbiological quality. Total viable bacterial counts, fungal counts, total coliform, faecal coliform and the presence of pathogenic microorganisms such as E. coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Streptococcus were analyzed by standard methods. The total viable count of samples ranged from 3.00×102 to 9.60×108 and fungal counts ranged from 1.00×102 to 8.05×104. Out of 114 freshly prepared fruit juices samples collected 113 samples (99%) showed the presence of coliform and E. coli. The other bacteria like B. cereus, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella, Streptococcus were found in 64.91%, 6.14%, 7.89% and (5.26%) of the tested samples. The number and type of microorganisms recovered from the freshly squeezed fruit juices made them unsafe for drinking. It was concluded that due to unhygienic fruit handling in the unsanitary environmental conditions under which the vendors operate the juices become contaminated with harmful bacteria. The results of this study demonstrate the unhygienic quality of popular types of market vended freshly squeezed fruit juices and their risk to the consumers. Key Words: Fruit juices; Microorganisms; Contamination; E. coli; Microbiological quality standards.   DOI: 10.3329/bjsir.v44i4.4591 Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 44(4), 421-424, 2009

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